第四节 评述与启示
从目前国内外对文化产业集群的研究现状看,大多数学者的研究视角主要集中在对某一城市或地区文化产业集群的案例分析和实证上,从中可以总结出文化产业集群形成的动因:首先是与自然区位相关的原因,这是跟其他产业集群形成动因类似的方面,由于文化本身的特点,历史方面的原因往往成为主导;其次就是文化产业中外部经济的作用对于文化产业集群形成至关重要,包括劳动市场的互动、外部供应商的及时供应、分包安排、顾客的互动、公司网络、合作和竞争、集体学习和创新。此外,政策驱动和跨国公司的推动被认为是文化产业集群形成中颇具影响的动因。
目前我国对文化产业的发展持积极态度,而且文化产业集群在我国仍处于萌芽时期,所以各级政府、地区都制订了与产业集群相关的政策和规划并积极建立建设文化产业区,其中北京、青岛和湖南等地的一批文化创意产业区已经初具规模。但从目前对产业集群的研究现状看,多数研究多侧重于一般制造业的集群,对文化产业集群的研究较少。从总体上看,交易成本、规模经济、竞争知识溢出等是传统产业集群形成的重要因素,而关于文化产业集群,是不是同样存在这样的规律?文化产业集群的形成机制是和传统产业集群一样吗?如果一样,政府在这方面的主导政策是不是也是一样的?目前学者并没有对文化产业集聚的动因进行系统性研究。而从国内外学者对产业集群与经济发展关系的研究现状来看,理论成果十分丰富,包括文化产业集群推动城市化与区域经济的发展及经济发展的可持续性等。由此可见,研究文化产业集聚的动因是当前相当迫切的理论需求,同时国内外环境迥异,因此结合我国国情研究文化产业集聚动因是一个富有理论和实践意义的课题。
【注释】
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