假设航空公司赔偿流程共包含以下角色:助理、专家、经理,不同的角色执行不同的活动,角色、活动和执行时间如表6.2所示(单位均为小时)。
表6.2 角色-活动关系表
流程中的资源按照不同的角色进行划分,有不同的执行成本,角色、资源和成本如表6.3所示。
表6.3 角色-资源关系表
假设该流程的成本约束值为1 400元(流程的执行成本不得高于1 400元)。下面利用上述方法讨论资源的优化分配方法。为简单起见,这里只讨论经一般审查且结果为拒绝申请的流程。
首先为每个活动分配执行时间最短的资源,初步分配结果如表6.4所示。此时流程的执行总时间为5.5小时,总成本为1 600元。
表6.4 资源初步分配结果
由于成本高于约束值,因此需要重新分配资源以减少成本。然后计算每个活动在替换资源前后的资源替换率,资源替换率最大的活动是“检查机票”,因此对其进行重新分配,如表6.5所示。此时流程执行总时间为5.5小时,消耗总成本为1 400元,满足成本约束,资源分配完成。
表6.5 资源分配调整后的结果
上述资源分配调整的过程大致如下:考虑活动注册申请的最短执行时间为1小时,成本为100元,满足成本约束。因此,将此活动与对应资源保存,并更新成本约束为1 300元。重复此过程直到分配结束,分配结果如表6.6所示。
表6.6 资源分配结果
在考虑资源间协作关系基础上,得到资源分配表如表6.7所示。此时流程执行总时间为68小时,总成本为1 550元。
表6.7 考虑协作的资源分配结果
计算每个活动在替换资源前后的资源替换率,资源替换率最大的活动仍是“检查机票”,因此重新分配检查机票,得到表6.8。流程执行总时间为79.5小时,执行总成本为1 350元,满足成本约束,资源分配完成。
表6.8 资源分配调整后的结果
资源分配是流程管理的热点问题。资源分配的结果不仅影响流程的顺利执行,还影响流程的绩效。流程挖掘为资源分配提供了新思路[17—19]。
本章从流程绩效的角度,讨论了资源分配的优化方法,保证流程在给定的成本约束内执行时间最短。此外,还分析了资源之间协作关系对流程绩效的影响。对资源之间协作关系的分析还需深入研究,特别是从流程日志中进一步细化资源之间的协作关系对流程绩效的影响,从而提高资源分配优化方法的实用性。此外,本章主要分析单个流程实例的资源分配优化,考虑多个流程实例的资源分配优化模型,更具有应用价值。
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