任务描述
与德国客商K&C TRADING COMPANY签订出口合同后,张一代表公司与印度客商Soul Brown Co. 签订了一份原料进口合同,随后着手准备申请开立信用证的相关资料,并向当地银行申请开立信用证。
以信用证方式支付的进口贸易实务中,开立信用证是履行进口合同的第一步,是进口业务的重要环节,进口方必须要按照合同规定开立信用证。
本模块主要介绍开证步骤、开证申请书内容和填制及开证应注意的事项。
一、开证步骤
进口方在合同规定的时间向其业务银行办理申请开立信用证的步骤见图17-1。
图17-1 申请开立信用证步骤
知识链接 缴付保证金
按照国际贸易的习惯做法,除非开证银行对申请人有授信额度,进口方向银行申请开立信用证时,应向银行缴付一定比例的保证金,其金额一般为信用证金额的百分之几到百分之几十,一般根据进口方的资信情况而定。
二、开证申请书内容及填制
APPLICATION FOR ISSUING LETTER OF CREDIT
To:__________ Date:__________
Please issue on our behalf and/or (or our account the following) IRREVOCABLE LETTER OF CREDIT by( ) TELEX ( ) AIRMAIL: L/C No. (Left for bank to fill)
___________________________________________________________________________
Beneficiary: (full name & address) Advising Bank: (left for bank to fill)
___________________________________________________________________________
Applicant: (full name & address) Date of Expiry:
Place of Expiry:
___________________________________________________________________________
Amount: (bothinfigureandwords)
___________________________________________________________________________
Dear Sirs,
We hereby issue our IRREVOCABLE LETTER OF CREDIT in your favor for account of the above applicant available by your draft (s) drawn □______at sight /□______on □ us /□ advising bank /□applicant for_______% of invoice value marked as drawn under this L/C accompanied by following documents marked with × :
A1 □ Signed commercial invoice in__________copies indicating Contract NO.__________
A2 □ Full set 3 /3 clean on board ocean Bills of Lading______“□ made out to order and endorsed in blank /□______notifying □ China National Foreign Trade Transportation Corp. at destination /□applicant /□”China National Foreign Trade Transportation Corp. at destination and applicant marked Freight □to collect /□prepaid □indicating freight amount.
A3 □Airway Bill_____“consigned to □China National Foreign Trade Transportation Corp. at destination /□applicant /□us marked air freight□to collect /□prepaid□”indicating freight amount.
A4 □Memorandum,issued by China Travel Service. ( H. K) Ltd. ,Hongkong
A5 □ Forwarding Agent's cargo receipt_____
A6 □Insurance policy or certificate in_____copies endorsed in blank covering □ All Risks /□Air Transportation All Risks /□Overland Transportation All Risks War Risks including______per_____clause for______% of invoice value.
A7 □Packing list /weight memo in_____copies indicating quantity /gross and net weight of each package.
A8 □Quality certificate in______copies issued by □below mentioned manufacturer /□public recognized surveyor /□_____
A9 □Copy of your telex advising applicant within______hours after shipment indicating Contract No. ,L/C NO. ,goods name,quantity,invoice value,Vessel's name /air flight No. ,package,loading port and shipping date.
AA □Copy of applicant's /ZHONGZU's or its agent's shipping instruction indicating vessel name,Contract No. ,approximate shipment date.
AB □ Your letter certifying that one extra copy of each document called for herein has been □disposed of according to relative contract stipulations /□_____
AC □ Other documents if any:
B: Evidencingshipmentof:
Packing: Priceterm: CIF/CFR/FOB__________
Manufacturer: Shippingmark:
C. Special instructions: ( if any marked with × )
C1 □Your signed receipt instead of draft acceptable.
C2 □The remaining______% of invoice value
C3 □Both quantity and amount______% more or less are allowed.
C4 □All banking charges □outside China /□in Hongkong are for beneficiary's account.
C5 □Prepaid freight drawn in excess of L/C amount is acceptable against presentation of original charges voucher issued by Shipping CO. /Air Line / or it's agent.
D. Documents should be presented within_____days from the date of shipment,but in any event within the validity of L/C.
E. Shipment from______to______not later than______transhipment is □allowed /□not allowed;partial shipments are □allowed /□not allowed; on deck shipment is □allowed /□not allowed; third party transport documents are□allowed /□not allowed.
Sealed & Signed by:__________
Account No:__________with__________
(name of bank)
Telephone No.:__________
开证申请书的主要内容和填制说明分别见表17-1,17-2。
表17-1 开证申请书主要内容
表17-2 开证申请书填制说明
续表
续表
知识链接 开证申请书
进口方根据银行规定的开证申请书格式填写,一般一式三份,一份留业务部门,一份留财务部门,一份交银行。开证申请书内容有正反两面,正面是对信用证内容的具体要求,背面是申请人对开证银行的声明和保证,经申请人和银行签字生效,成为具有约束力的契约文件,用以明确双方的权利和义务。
三、开证注意事项
(1) 申请开证前,要落实进口批准手续及外汇来源。
(2) 按时开证。如果合同规定开证日期,就必须在规定期限内开立信用证;如果合同规定了装运期的起止日期,则最迟必须让卖方在装运期开始前的最后一天收到信用证; 如果合同只规定最后装运期,则应在合理时间内开证,以使卖方有足够时间备妥货物并出运。通常在交货期前半个月或一个月开证给卖方。
(3) 信用证的内容应是完整的、自足的。信用证内容应严格以合同为依据,对于应在信用证中明确的合同中的贸易条件,必须具体列明,不能使用“按XX号合同规定”等类似的表达方式。因为信用证是一个自足文件,有其自身的完整性和独立性。不应参照或依附于其他契约文件。
(4) 信用证的条件必须单据化。《UCP600》规定: 如信用证载有某些条件,但并未规定需提交与之相符的单据,银行将视这些条件为未予规定而不予置理。因而,进口方在申请开证时,应将合同的有关规定转化成单据,而不能照搬、照抄。比如,合同中规定货物按不同规格包装,则信用证中应要求受益人提交装箱单; 合同以CFR条件成交,信用证应要求受益人提交的清洁已装船提单上应注明运费已付等。
(5) 关于装船前检验证明。由于信用证是单据业务,银行不过问货物质量,因而可在信用证中要求对方提供双方认可的检验机构出立的装船前检验证明,并明确规定货物的数量和规格。如果受益人所交检验证明的结果和证内规定不符,银行即可拒付。
(6) 关于保护性规定。《UCP600》中若干规定,均以“除非信用证另有规定”为前提。比如,“除非信用证另有规定银行将接受下列单据而不论其名称如何”等等。如果进口方认为《UPC600》的某些规定将给自己增加风险,则可利用“另有规定”这一前提,在信用证中列入相应的保护性条件,比如,按《UCP60O》规定,禁止转运对集装箱运输无约束力,若买方仍要求禁止转运,则可在信用证中加列“即使货装集装箱,本证严禁转运”等。
(7) 不准分批装运、不准中途转运、不接受第三方转运单据,均应在信用证中明确规定,否则视为允许。
(8) 关于保兑信用证。我国银行原则上不开立保兑信用证。对此,进口商在签订合同时应予注意,以免开证时被动。
复习题
1. 我A进出口公司与某国B公司达成一份进口合同,合同规定我A公司必须在2008年2月底之前将有关信用证开到B公司。后B公司于3月5日才收到信用证。B公司声称A公司违约,要求提价,否则转售其他买家。试问: B公司的要求合理么? A公司应如何做?
2. 我W公司与某外商达成一份进口合同,合同规定货物不允许转运。W公司及时开出信用证,在信用证中也明确规定了该批货物不允许转运。该外商收到信用证,经审核无误后,及时发出两个集装箱的货物,同时制作全套单据,并进行交单议付。银行审核无误后支付了款项。我W公司收到开证行的付款赎单通知,付款后拿到单据发现这批货物在中国香港转运至规定的目的港。随向开证行提出异议: 该单据是不符合信用证不允许转运的规定,属于单证不符。要求退款。试问: 我W公司的要求合理么? 为什么?
任务操作
张一根据与印度客商Soul Brown Co. 签订的原料进口合同内容,填写开证申请书。
IRREVOCABLE DOCUMENTARY CREDIT APPLICANT
TO:
续表
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