蛋白质组研究对技术的依赖性和要求远远超过基因组学研究,肿瘤蛋白质组学发展也依赖于蛋白质组学技术的进步。但目前还没有一个单独的技术平台能够满足对蛋白质组测定的全部需要,越接近于检测蛋白质的功能,技术越显得不成熟、不完善,因而在研究方法上将出现多技术并存、各有优势和局限的局面。除了发展新方法外,更强调各种方法之间的整合和互补。此外,不同实验室的方法和操作标准化也是一个极大挑战,HPO开展的PSI计划、2007年8月在Nature杂志上由HPO公布了“关于蛋白质组实验的最低限度信息(The minimum information about a proteomics experiment,MIAPE)”等,其最终目的都是为了促进蛋白质组学研究的标准化,使蛋白质组、基因组、代谢组等资料可以进行整合,从而将它们的功能注释与临床结果和病因学研究紧密结合起来。
蛋白质组学技术在肿瘤研究中的新发现,如肿瘤标记物的发现中,发挥了明显作用,但目前对于这些技术能否很快应用于临床中还不清楚。基础研究所鉴定的新标记物只是个开始,要想转变成临床能够使用的指标,其过程是非常复杂的,因此到目前为止只有几个新标记物进入临床应用。如同新药的发现和发展一样,标记物的验证也需要有多中心的临床研究,需要科学家、工程师、商人及临床医生的通力合作。一旦这些新的、高度灵敏且特异性强的新标记物应用于临床,对于疾病的早期诊断、预后的评估及个体化治疗的判定,将会起到关键性的作用。基于整个网络而不是单个生物标记物的发现,对于肿瘤的诊断和治疗更是至关重要。但不争的事实是,肿瘤蛋白质组学的出现和发展,对于揭示肿瘤发生、侵袭、转移及治疗等其他生物学行为提供了广阔的前景,也为新药物靶标的发现和新药的开发提供了良好的平台和空间。我们有理由相信,肿瘤蛋白质组学在人类攻克癌症的过程中,必将发挥更加令人激动的巨大作用。
(唐建武 孙成荣)
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