(1)、Questions 36 to 45 are based an the following passage.
It's an annual occurrence in the dry season: a smoky, hazardous haze blankets southern Malaysia and Singapore. This year it was so bad that in some affected areas there was a 100 percent rise in the number of asthma cases. Hundreds of schools were closed, and the government of Malaysia (36)______gas masks.
The source of the pollution lies across the Malacca Strait in Indonesia where
(37) ______burning of forests to clear space for palm oil plantations continues unabated
Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono offered a public (38)______for what has happened and asked for the understanding of Singapore and Malaysia.
The Indonesian president promised to prosecute anyone (39)______in illegal slash-and-bum activities.Eight Southeast Asian companies are reportedly under (40)______
But the ongoing deforestation seems to contradict past promises. In 2009, President Yudhoyono pledged to reduce by 26 percent greenhouse gas (41)______, caused mostly by deforestation. And in 2011he instituted a moratorium protecting designated forest areas. In exchange, (42)______ conscious Norway pledged $1 billion to support these efforts.
Ariana Alisjahbana at the World Resources Institute says local officials are not supporting the national plan."Actually it's a lack of coordination and lack of enforcement. So when we look over all the different rules Indonesia has on the books, (43) ______ speaking they're very, very good ones. But they're just not (44)______ "said Alisjahbana
Although the economic incentive to replace forests with farms hampers conservation, Alisjahbana says long-term progress is being made.
But she says a greater commitment to stop the slash-and-bum (45)______through incentives and strict penalties for violations is needed.
A. transport
B. illegal
C. apology
D. cheat
E. deforestation
F. out
G. enforced
H. involved
I. distributed
J. environmentally
K. theoretically
L. emissions
M. practical
N. examination
O. investigation
答案:
译文:每年在旱季都会有这样的事情发生:到处弥漫的有害烟雾笼罩马来西亚南部和新加坡。今年情况很恶劣,在某些受影响地区罹患肺炎的病例数量翻倍。成百上千的学校都关门了,马来西亚政府(36) 分发防烟口罩。
污染源在马六甲海峡的另一侧,即印尼一侧,燃烧森林腾出空地种植棕榈油种植园的(37. 非法行为持续发生,有增无减。
印尼总统苏西洛•班邦•尤多约诺对于所发生的事情进行公开(38) 道歉,请求新加坡和马来西亚的理解。
印尼总统承诺要惩治所有(39)参与到非法砍伐燃烧活动中的人。据报道,八家东南亚公司正在接受(40) 调查。
但森林面积持续减少似乎与之前的承诺自相矛盾。2009年,尤多约诺总统誓言要降低26%的温室气体(41) 排放量,这些气体主要是由于森林面积减少造成的。作为交换,有(42)环境意识的挪威政府承诺用10亿美元支持这一工作。
世界资源研究院的阿瑞纳•阿里斯亚班纳说当地政府不支持这项全国计划。
阿里斯亚班纳说: “事实上,这是因为缺乏协作和执行。所以我们在浏览这些书中印尼的种种规定的时候,虽然(43) 理论上都是非常非常好的,但就是缺少(44) 执行。”
虽然用森林改耕地的经济诱因妨碍了对话,阿里斯亚班纳说:长期的进步正在进行。
但她说:要通过经济诱导和严厉的惩罚制止砍伐燃烧导致的(45) 森林面积减少事件的发生,人们需要做出更大的努力。
(2)Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Complaints should be made to a responsible person. Go back to the shop where you bought the goods, taking with you any(36)you may have. Ask to see the buyer in a large store. In a small store the assistant may also be the owner so you can complain(37). In a chain store ask to see the manager.
Even the bravest person finds it difficult to complain face to face, so if you do not want to do it in (38),write a letter. Be sure to39to the facts and keep a copy of what you write. At this stage you should give any receipt numbers, but you should not need to give receipts or other papers to prove you bought the article. If you are not(40)with the answer you get, or if you do not get a reply, write to the managing director of the firm, shop, or organization. Be sure to keep copies of your own letters and any you receive.
If your complaint is a just one, the shopkeeper may offer to(41) or repair the faulty article. You may find this an(42) solution. In certain cases you may have the right to refuse the goods and ask for your money back,but this is only where you have hardly used the goods and have acted at once. Even when you cannot refuse the goods you may be able to get some money back as well. And if you have suffered some(43)loss, if for example a new washing machine tears your clothes, you might receive money to replace them. If the shopkeeper offers you a credit note to be used to buy goods in the same shops but you would rather have money, say so. If you accept a credit note remember that later you will not be able to ask for your money. If the shopkeeper refuses to give you money, ask for(44) from your Citizens' Advice Bureau before you accept a credit note. In some cases the shopkeeper does not have to give you your money back--if, for example, he changes an article simply because you don't like it or it does not fit. He does not hive to take back the goods in these(45).
A. intimate
B. attractive
C. person
D. attachment
E. satisfied
F. receipt
G. contaminate
H. replace
I. special
J. stick
K.vigorously
L. advice
M. circumstances
N. directly
O. petitions
译文:投诉应该找负责人。带上你可能有的任何[36]收据,返回你购买商品的商店。在大商店里,要求见进货员。在小商店里,店员也可能是店主,所以你可以[37]直接投诉。在连锁商店里,要求见经理。
即便是最勇敢的人也会觉得当面投诉很困难,所以,如果不想E3S]当面投诉,你可以写信。确保所写[39]属实,并把你所写的内容复印一份自己保留。在这个阶段,你应该提供所有的收据单号,但是你无需 提供收据或其他文件来证明你买了这件商品。如果你对所得到的回复不[40]满意,或者如果你没得到回复,要写信给这家公司、商店或组织的总经理。务必将你自己写的信以及你收到的任何来信备份。如果你的投诉是合理的,店主可能会提出[41]退换或修理有问题的物品。你可能会觉得这是个[42]很吸引人的解决方法。在某些情况下,你或许有权拒绝接受这件商品并要求退款,但这只有在你几乎没用过这件商品并即时采取行动的情况下才可以。即使你无法拒绝这件商品,你或许也能拿回些退款。
而且,如果你遭受了一些[43]特殊的损失,例如,如果一台新洗衣机把你的衣服弄破了,你也许会获得损失的赔偿。如果店主给你提供信用证,让你在同样的商店里购买商品时使用,而你更希望他给你钱,那么你就该说出来。如果你接受了信用证,请记住,你之后就不能索要退款了。如果店主拒绝给你钱,你可以在接受信用证前向公民咨询局征求[44]意见。在一些情况下,店主不需要给你退款——比如,因为你不喜欢某件商品或这件商品不适合你,而他也给你换了货的话,在这些[45]情况下,他不需要收回商品并退款。
答案:
36.F
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,any后应接一个名词,且本句缺少一个名词作takin9的宾语。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的六个选项中,person意为“人”,attachment意为“附件;附属物”,receipt意为“收据”,advice意为“建议”,circumstances意为“情况”,petitions意为“请愿书;上诉状”。结合句意可知,只有receipt(收据)符合,故选F。
37.N
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,本句缺少一个副词来修饰前面的不及物动词complain(4委:诉)。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的两个选项中,vigorously意为“精神旺盛地”,directly意为“直接地”。结合句意可知,只有directly符合文意,故选N。
38.C
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,本句缺少一个名词来作前面介词in的宾语,构成介宾结构作状语来修饰前面的动词do。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的六个选项中,结合前面36题的“语义判断”可知,只有c是正确答案,in person是固定搭配.意为“亲自,当面”。
39.J
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,本句缺少一个动词,和后面的介词to构成动词短语,而前面的be sure to后应接动词原形。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的三个选项中,只有stick to是常用固定搭配,意为“坚持;遵守”,而contaminate意为“弄脏。污染”,replace意为“代替,替换”,均不符合句意,故选J。
40.E
语法判断:本句空格前为句子主语和动词be,空格后是with介词结构。由此可知,本句应该是缺少一个形容词,该词和前面的系动词are以及后面的介词with构成形容词短语,从而构成主系表结构。
语义判断:在四个形容词选项中,符合上述语法条件的有两个,即be intimate with意为“与……相识或亲近”和be satisfied with意为“对……满意”。结合句意可知E是正确答案。
41.H
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,本句缺少一个动词原形,与repair并列,且与前面的to构成动词不定式作谓语offer的宾语。
语义判断:结合前面39题的“语义判断”可知,只有选项replace(代替,替换)是正确的答案,故选H。
42.B
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,本句缺少一个形容词作定语修饰后面的名词solution(解决问题的方法)。且根据前面的不定冠词all可判断该词的发音应该是以元音开头。
语义判断:根据语法判断,在剩余的三个形容词中,intimate意为“亲近的”,special意为“专门的;特殊的”,attractive意为“诱人的,吸引人的”,由于special的发音不是以元音开头,故排除,再结合上下文意思,可知B是正确答案。
43.I
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,本句缺少一个形容词,和前面的some一起作定语修饰后面的名词loss(损失)。
语义判断:根据语法判断,结合本句话的含义,在剩余的两个形容词中,只有special(特殊的)是正确答案,故选I。
44.L
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,本句缺少一个名词作介词for的宾语,前面的动词ask与for是常用搭配,意为“寻求”。
语义判断:根据语法判断,在剩余的名词中只有advice(建议)符合此处文意,故选L。
45.M
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,空格前的句子结构较为完整,该空缺少一个名词,与前面的介词in构成介宾结构作状语来修饰前面的动词短语take back(收回),而且该名词应是复数形式,因为其前用了these来修饰。
语义判断:根据语法判断,结合剩余的名词选项,只有circumstances能与in构成介词短语in these circumstances(在这些情况下),且符合此处文意,故选M。
(3)Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this (36), every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.
To the professional anthropologist (人类学家), there is no intrinsic(37)of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy(等级制度) among languages.
People once thought of the languages of backward groups as (38) and undeveloped forms of speech,consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the(39)of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or(40 )structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which41the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to(42)the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in"backward" languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly(43)and complicated.
This study of language, in turn, (44)a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed(45), and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.
A. savage
B. superiority
C. conceive
D. transfer
E. identification
F. grammatical
G. reflect
H. reveals
I. numerous
J . independently
K. exclusive
L. casts
M. sense
N. confidentially
O. possess
答案:
36.M
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,该空后面是一个完整的句子,初步判断介词短语in this——在句中作状语。分析此短语可知,in this后缺少一个单数名词。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的单词有superiority、transfer、identification、sense四项,而这些名词中可以与in this构成介词短语的只有sense,in this sense意为“从这个意义上讲”,符合此处文意,故选M。
37.B
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,该空缺少一个单数名词,一则因为前面的谓语是系动词is,二则因为前面的形容词no是用来修饰名词的。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的单词有三个:superiority意为“优越性”,transfer意为“转移;转换”,identification意为“鉴别;身份证明”。本句的大意是“没有哪种文化在本质上比另一种优越”,因此,只有superiority符合文意。
38.A
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,该空缺少一个形容词,与并列的形容词undeveloped共同修饰后面的名词forms。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的形容词有四个:savage意为“野蛮的”,9rammatical意为“语法的”,numerous意为“许多的”,exclusive意为“单独的”。把这四项代入原文后可知savage比较贴合文意。
39.D
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,该空位于介词短语for the__________of ideas之中。分析此短语可知,该空缺少一个名词。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的单词有transfer和identification两个,只有transfer与后面的0fideas构成的短语transfer of ideas(传递思想)符合这里的语义表达,故选D。
40.F
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,该空所处的位置是not…or…并列结构,in their省略掉了,因此,此处缺少一个与其前面的sound形成并列关系的名词或形容词,来修饰后面的structures。
语义判断:结合前面38题的“语义判断”,可知只有形容词grammatical(i吾法的)符合这里的语义表达,修饰后面的structures,表示“语法结构”,故选F。
41.G
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,该空所处的句子是一个which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的名词vocabularies,该空应填入一个复数的谓语动词。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的单词有conceive(构想)、reflect(反映)和possess(拥有)三个。结合此处文意“反映这些说话者所知物体及活动的词汇”,可知reflect为正确答案。
42.O
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,该空缺少一个动词原形,构成seem to do sth.这一常用表达。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的单词有conceive和possess两个。结合语境,本句的大意是“所有语言都拥有拓展词汇的机制”。因此possess为正确答案。
43.I
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,该空缺少一个形容词作表语,和complicated并列。
语义判断:结合前面38题和40题的“语义判断”,并结合此处文意“多得出奇”,可知应填入numerous。故选I。
44.L
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,该空缺少一个动词,且应为第三人称单数形式,因为前面的主语是this study。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的单词有casts(投射;铸造)和reveals(揭示)两个。结合语境,本句的大意是“对于语言的研究反过来让人们对人类学家的断言有了新的认识”,因此,只有casts符合。cast a new light on/upon意为“使人们对……有新的认识”。
45.J
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,该空前是一个完整的主系表结构的句子,判断该空应填入一个副词来修饰前面的动词view。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的单词有independently和confidentially两个。结合语境,本句的大意是“所有的文化都该被独立看待”,可知independently为正确答案,故选J。
译文:文化是人类某一特定群体所有传统、风俗、信仰及生活方式的总和。从这种[36]意义上说,每个群体都有一种文化,不管在我们看来,它是多么野蛮、不发达或未开化。
对于专业的人类学家而言,没有哪种文化在本质上比另一种[37]优越,这就像对于专业的语言学家而言。语言之间并没有内在的等级一样。
人们曾经认为落后群体的语言就是[38]野蛮的、不发达的言语形式,主要包括咕哝和呻吟。尽管一般来说,语言有可能是以一系列的咕哝和呻吟的形式开始的,但是,通过对“落后”语言的研究证实,今天没有哪种语言符合这种描述。按照我们的最严格标准来讲,作为[39]传递思想的工具,多数未开化人群的语言极其复杂、缜密,并具有独创性。这些语言在语音模式或[40]语法结构上通常能完全满足语言的所有需求,并不落后于我们西方的语言,比我们落后的只是[41]反映这些说话者所知物体及活动的词汇。然而,即使是在这方面,也有两点值得一提:1.所有语言都[42]拥有拓展词汇的机制,要么是通过将现存词汇组合在一起来拓展,要么是通过从其他语言中借入一些词并将其改造以适应自身体系来实现。2.在这些[43]“落后的”语言中,尽管那些需要名字及区分的物体及活动与我们不同,它们却都经常是多得出奇、复杂得出奇。
对于语言的研究反过来让人们对人类学家的断言——所有的文化都该被[45]独立看待,而不该带着等级观念去看待——[44]有了新的认识。
(4)Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They(36)needed supplies of highly trained personnel to(37) a concept of development based on modernization. But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed
countries when they had finished their training.
In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special "return” programs to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organization for Migration, which in 1974enabled over 1,60038scientists and technicians to return to Latin America.
In the 1980s and 1990s, "temporary return" programs were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel(39)strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program's Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain from these countries may well increase in(40) to the new laws of the international market in knowledge.
Recent studies (41) that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, or so it is thought. As a (42)there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give(43)to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad; they must introduce(44)administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is(45)to continue.
A.forecast
B. flexible
C. neutrally
D. preference
E. detach
F. bound
G. implement
H. consequence
I. qualified
J. dismissing
K. result
L.occupying
M. urgently
N . skeptical
O . response
答案:
36.M
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该空前后是一个完整的句子,结合所给选项可知,该空缺少一个副词来修饰后面的谓语动词needed。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的只有两个选项,neutrally意为“中立地”,urgently意为“迫切地,紧急地”。此处是指“他们迫切需要大批……”,故只有urgently符合文意,故选M。
37.G
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该空前面是一个完整的句子,这里需要一个动词原形与前面的to构成动词不定式,并和后面的名词concept(理念)一起作前面的宾语personnel(人才)的补足语。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的有四个选项,forecast意为“预报,预测”,detach意为“分离;使超然”,bound意为“束缚;划定界限”,implement意为“完成,实现”。此处是指“需要大批人才落实(或实现)……发展观”,故只有implement符合文意,故选G。
38.I
语法判断:分析句子主干(which…enable…to return to…)可知,该空所在的句子是一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句,这里需要一个形容词作定语修饰后面的宾语scientists and technicians(科技人员)。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的选项有四个,flexible意为“有弹性的;灵活的”,bound意为“受约束的;有义务的”,qualified意为“合格的”,skeptical意为“怀疑的”。结合句意可知,只有qualified(合格的)符合这里的表达。故选I。
39.L
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该空前面是个完整的句子,这里需要一个现在分词与后面的strategic positions in the developed countries一起作前面的personnel的定语,以补充说明它前面的personnel。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的选项有两个,dismissin9意为“解雇;解散”,occupyin9意为“占据;任职”。结合句意可知,只有occupying(任职)符合这里的表达,故选L。
40.O
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该空前面是个完整的句子,即主谓结构(brain drain…increase),主谓结构后面是一个介词短语(in——to the new laws of the international market in knowledge)作状语修饰谓语动词increase。通过分析此短语可知,in和to之间缺少一个名词。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的选项有四个:preference意为“更喜欢,偏爱”,response意为“反应”,consequence和result意为“结果”。注意到response(&应)构成的介词短语in response to为常用搭配.意为“对……的反应”,符合句意,因此选项O是正确答案。
41.A
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该句缺少一个谓语动词,空格后为that引导的宾语从句。
语义判断:结合37题的“语义判断”以及该空后面宾语从句中的将来时态are going to可知,只有动词forecast(预测)符合这里的句意。所以正确答案是A。
42.K
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该空后面是一个there be结构的完整句子,判断此处为作状语成分的介词短语as a__________。分析此短语可知,as a后缺少一个单数名词。
语义判断:结合40题的“语义判断”,只有result(结果)构成的介词短语as a result(因此)符合这里的表达.故正确答案是K。
43.D
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,该空所在的位置是一个由which引导的定语从句,修饰前面的countries,而该空和其前的动词9ive一起构成动词不定式结构to give__________to fields where…own institutions,作它前面send students abroad的补足语。通过分析短语give__________to可知,空格处应填入一个名词。
语义判断:结合40题和42题的“语义判断”,只有preference(偏爱 )构成的动词短语give preference to(对……偏爱)符合这里的句意,因此D是正确答案。
44.B
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该空缺少一个形容词,和administrative一起作定语修饰后面的宾语procedures。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的选项有四个,结合38题的“语义判断”可知,flexible(灵活的)符合这里的句意,因此B是正确答案。
45.F
语法判断:空格前为句子主语brain drain和系动词is,空格后为动词不定式to continue。由此可知,本句的谓语结构不完整。这里缺少一个形容词和is构成系表结构。
语义判断:在剩下的单词中,符合语法条件的选项有:现在分词dismissing和形容词flexible、bound、skeptical。结合38题的“语义判断”和句意可知只有bound符合语境,be bound to为常用搭配,意为“一定,必定”,指人才流失问题必定会继续存在,故选F。
译文:20世纪下半叶,很多发展中国家开始把本国学生送往工业化国家深造。他们[36]迫切需要大批训练有素的专业人才以[37]落实基于现代化的发展观。
20世纪60年代。一些拉美国家设法通过设立专门的“回归”项目,鼓励其专业人才回国,以使这个问题得到解决。这些项目得到了诸如国际移民组织等国际机构的支持,因此,1974年,1600多位[38]合格的科学家和技术人员得以回到拉丁美洲。
在20世纪80~90年代,“暂时性回归”项目得以设立,旨在使那些在发达国家[39]担任战略性职位的专门人才人尽其用。这也促使联合国发展计划署设立了“外侨传递知识”项目。该项目鼓励技术人员和科学家在自己的祖国进行短期的工作。但是[40] 由于知识界国际市场的新法则,这些国家的人才流失或许会更加严重。
最近的研究[41]预测,最发达的国家将会需要越来越多的高素质专业人才,所需人数大概是其教育系统所能培养的人才的两倍。或者也可以说,人们是这么认为的。[42]因此派学生出国留学的发展中国家急需向那些需要有能力的人来加强其体系的领域[43]倾斜,而不是鼓励培养那些由于找不到专业出路而有可能不回国的人。并且发展中国家不应该只满足于那种简单地把派往海外的专业人才送回国的体制结构,而是必须要引进[44]灵活的管理程序以鼓励留学生回国。如果它们不这样做,人才流失问题[45] 必定会继续存在。
(5)Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Many of the aids which are advertised as liberating the modem woman tend to have the opposite effect, because they simply change the nature of work instead of eliminating it. Machines have a certain novelty value, like toys for adults. It is (36 )less tiring to put clothes in a washing machine, but the time saved does not really37too much: the machine has to be watched, the clothes have to be carefully sorted first, stains38by hand, buttons pushed and water changed, clothes taken out, aired and ironed.
It would be more liberating to pack it all off to a(39)and not necessarily more expensive, since no capital investment is required. Similarly, if you really want to save time you do not make cakes with an electric mixer, you buy one in a shop. If one compares the image of domesticated woman fostered by the women's magazines with the goods advertised by those periodicals, advertising which finances them, one realizes how useful a projected image can be in commerce. A careful (40) has to be struck: if you show a labor-saving gadget, follow it up with a(41)recipe on the next page; on no account hint at the notion that a woman could get herself a job, but instead foster her sense of her own usefulness,(42) the creative aspect of her function as a housewife. So we get cake mixes where the cook simply adds an egg herself, to produce "that lovely home-baked(43)the family love",and knitting patterns that can be made by hand, or worse still, on knitting machines, which became a tremendous vogue when they were first(44) (difficult to know who would wear all those rapidly produced sweaters, which lacked the advantages of hand-made woolens). Automatic cookers are advertised by pictures of pretty young mothers taking their children to the park, not by(45)women presetting the dinner before catching a bus to the office.
A. laundry
B. exaggerate
C . emphasize
D. certainly
E. indignant
F. removed
G. amount
H. excessively
I. complicated
J. handled
K. flavor
L. professional
M. introduced
N. calculation
O. balance
答案:
36.D
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,空格前后是一个完整的句子,因此,可以判断本空缺少一个副词作状语,修饰其后的形容词。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的两个选项中,certainly意为“确实,无疑地”,excessively意为“过度地”。此处含有强调的意味,表示“确实可以轻松些”,故只有certainly符合文意,正确答案为D。
37.G
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该空前面是does not,判断此处需要填一个谓语动词,且应为动词原形。语义判断:符合上述语法条件的选项中,只有动词amount符合文意,即“但所节省出的时间总量却实在没有太多”,故选G。
38.F
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该空缺少一个过去分词,因为该空前面是两个并列的完整句子,后面是由“名词+过去分词”构成的并列的独立主格结构。
语义判断:备选的分词有removed(被去掉)、introduced(被引进)和handled(被处理)三个。根据其前的名词strains(污渍)可知,只有removed符合文意。
39.A
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,to a前是一个完整的句子,通过分析空格处所在短语to a__________可知,这里缺少一个单数名词。
语义判断:备选的名词有laundry(洗衣房)、flavor(味)、calculation(计算)和balance(平衡)四项。由此处的to可知,空格处填入的词应表示地点,故选laundry。
40.O
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,本句缺少一个名词,作句子的主语,且该名词是单数形式,因为前面有不定冠词a来限制。
语义判断:结合39题的“语义判断”,符合语法条件的选项剩下flavor、calculation和balance三项。分别代入原文后可知,只有balance符合文意。strike a balance为固定搭配,意为“取得平衡”。
41.I
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,本句缺少一个形容词来修饰后面的recipe。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的单词有indignant(生气的,愤怒的)、complicated(复杂的)和professional(专业的;职业的)三个。注意本句前后存在对比,前面说“省力的”,后面应是与其相对,且能修饰recipe.故complicated是正确答案。
42.C
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该空需要一个动词原形,与前面的foster并列。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的动词原形有:exaggerate(夸大)和emphasize(强调),结合本处语境和语体色彩。emphasize更贴切。
43.K
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,本空需要一个名词,作前面的谓语动词produce的宾语,且该名词为单数形式,因为其前面的修饰语是that。
语义判断:结合39和40题的“语义判断”,在剩下的单数名词中,只有navor(风味)符合句意。
44.M
语法判断:本句空格前为句子主语和系动词be,判断空格处应填入一个动词的分词形式或形容词,再结合空格前的first,判断应填入过去分词。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的过去分词剩下handled和introduced,结合此处语境,introduced(被引进)更贴合文意。
45.L
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,该空所在的句子是一个由by和not by并列构成的被动语态结构。本空需要一个形容词来修饰后面的名词women,它与前面的pretty young构成对比。
语义判断:剩余的选项中,符合上述语法条件的只有indignant和professional,结合此处和语境,只有professional(职业的)更贴合文意。
译文广告上所说的许多可以解放现代妇女的辅助设备往往会产生相反的效果,因为它们只是改变了劳动的性质而并没有消除劳动。机器有某种新颖的价值,就像成年人的玩具一样。把衣服放进洗衣机[36]确实可以轻松些,但所节省出的时间[37]总量却实在没有太多:机器需要有人看着,先得把衣服认真分好类。用手把污渍[38]洗掉,还得按按钮、换水,然后取出衣物、晾干、熨平。
把所有衣服打包送到[39]洗衣房反而更加省事,而且也未必更贵,因为不需要任何资本投资。同样.如果你真的想节约时间,你就不会用电动搅拌机来做蛋糕,而是去商店里买。如果你将女性杂志所培育出来的居家女性形象与那些给它们提供经费的期刊、广告里所宣传的商品相比较的话,你就会意识到树立形象在商业上是多么有用。你需要小心地建立一种[40]平衡:如果你展示了一个省力的小器具,那么,紧接着下一页就要展示一个[41]复杂的要诀;绝不能做出这种暗示,即女人可以找到一份工作,而是要培养她自身的价值意识,[42]强调她作为家庭主妇时富有创意的一面。因此,我们准备好现成的蛋糕粉,烹饪者只要自己加个鸡蛋进去就能做出“那种家人喜爱的、诱人的家庭烘焙的[43]风味”。还有可以手工编织的图案,或者更糟糕的是,可以用编织机织出的编织图案,而在编织机刚被[44]引进时,这些东西十分流行(很难知道谁会穿上那些迅速生产出来的毛衣,它们缺乏手工编织的毛织物的优势)。自动化炊具的广告图片上是美丽的年轻母亲带着孩子到公园玩,而不是[45]职业女性在赶公交车土班前预先准备好晚饭的场景。
(6)Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
England's highest main-line railway station hangs on to life by a thread: deserted and unmanned (无人的 )since it was officially closed in 1970. Dent, 36 high in the hills of Yorkshire, wakes up On six summer weekends each year, when a special charter train unloads walkers, sightseers and people who37want to catch a train from the highest station, on to its platform. But even this limited existence may soon be brought to an end.
Dent station is situated on the Settle toCarlislerailway line, said to be the most38 inthe country. But no amount of scenic beauty can save the line from British Rail's cash problems. This year, for the 39 of economy, the express trains which used to pass through Dent station have been put on to another route.
It is now an open secret that British Rail sees no future for this railway line. Most of its trains disappeared some time ago. Its bridge, built on a grand40 acentury ago, is falling down. It is not alone. Half-a-dozen railway routes in the north ofEnglandare facing a similar threat. The problem is a worn-out system and an almost 41 lack of cash to repair it. Bridges and tunnels are showing their age, the wooden supports for the tracks are rotting and engines and coaches are getting old. On42lines between large cities, the problem is not too bad. These lines still make a profit and cash can be found to43 them. But on the country branch line, the story is different. As track wears out, it is not replaced. Instead speed limits are introduced, making journeys longer than necessary and discouraging customers.
If a bridge is dangerous, there is often only one thing for British Rail to do: go out and find money from another44. This is exactly what it did a few months ago when a bridge at Bridlington station was threatening to fail down. Repairs were45 at 200,000--just for one bridge--and British Rail was delighted, and rather surprised, when two local councils offered half that amount between them.
A.maintain
B. scenic
C. transcend
D. source
E. estimated
F. sake
G. complex
H. simply
I.consolidation
J. situated
K. respectively
L. total
M. major
N. restrained
O. scale
答案
36.J
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,空格前后是一个完整的句子,因此,可以判断此处缺少一个分词和后面的high in the hills of Yorkshire一起构成分词短语作后置定语,修饰句子的主语Dent,描述Dent所在的地理位置。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的选项有过去分词estimated、situated以及restrained三个,estimated意为“据估计”,situated意为“位于”,restrained意为“受到限制”。结合语境可知,只有situated符合文意,故选J。
37.H
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该空所处的句子是一个由关系代词who引导的定语从句,这里缺少一个副词修饰后面的谓语动词want。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的副词有两个:simply意为“仅仅”,respectively意为“分别地,各自”0此处是要表达“人们仅仅想去最高的火车站乘坐火车”,可知只有simply符合,故选H。
38.B
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该空所处的是一个过去分词短语结构,该结构前面是个完整的句子,它在句子中作主语Dent的补足语。这里缺少一个多音节的形容词,因为它前面有系动词be和最高级the most。
语义判断:备选的形容词有scenic(风景优美的)、complex(复杂的)、total(整体的)以及major(主要的)四个。结合句意“据说是英国风景最优美的”,可知B是正确答案。
39.F
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,空格后是一个完整的句子,判断空格处所在短语for the__________of economy在句中作状语。分析此短语可知,这里缺少一个名词。
语义判断:备选的名词有source(渠道)、sake(缘故)、consolidation(巩固)和scale(规模)四项,只有sake是正确的,for the sake of是固定短语,意为“为了,出于……的缘故”。
40
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该空所处的是一个过去分词短语结构,该结构前后是个完整的句子,它在句子中作主语bridge的后置定语。本空缺少一个名词,作介词on的宾语,并和on一起构成介词短语,且该名词是单数形式,因为前面有不定冠词a来限制。
语义判断:结合39题的“语义判断”可知,符合上述语法条件的名词还剩下source、consolidation和scale。on a grand/large scale是一个常用表达,意为“大规模地”,符合此处文意,故选O。
41.L
语法判断:分析句子结构可知。本空缺少一个形容词来修饰后面的名词lack,因为它与前面的形容词worn out(修饰后面的名词system)并列关系。
语义判断:结合38题的“语义判断”可知,符合上述语法条件的选项还剩下complex、total以及major,此处是要表达“几乎完全缺乏现金”,因此L是正确答案。
42.M
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,该空所处的是一个介词短语结构,该结构后是个完整的句子,它在句子中作整个句子的状语。本空缺少一个形容词作定语,修饰后面的名词lines。
语义判断:结合38题和41题的“语义判断”可知,符合上述语法条件的选项剩下complex和major,这里的意思是“在主干线上”,因此只有major符合文意。
43.A
语法判断:分析句子主干可知,本空需要一个动词原形,与前面的to一起构成动词不定式,作句子的目的状语。
语义判断:符合上述语法条件的动词有maintain(维护)和transcend(超越),结合句意“有现金去维护这些干线”可知只有maintain符合文意,故选A。
44.D
语法判断:分析句子结构可知,该空所处的是一个介词短语的结构,该结构作前面动词find的状语。这里需要一个名词,作介词from的宾语,且该名词是单数形式,因为前面有another来限制。
语义判断:结合39题和40题的“语义判断”可知,符合上述语法条件的名词还剩下source和consolidation,这里的意思是“从另外的渠道”,因此D项是正确答案。
45.E
语法判断:本句空格前为句子主语和系动词were,空格后是介词短语at 200,000。判断此处应填入一个动词的分词形式。
语义判断:剩余的选项中,符合语法条件的有estimated和restrained两个,此处是要表达“修理费估计需要20万英镑”,可知只有E是正确答案。
译文:英格兰铁路主干线上海拔最高的火车站命悬一线:自从1970年正式关闭后,它已经被废弃,也没人管理了。丹特火车站[36]坐落于高高的约克郡丘陵地区。每年夏天有六个周末,当一班专门的包租火车将徒步者、游客以及[37]仅仅想去最高的火车站乘坐火车的人卸载到站台上时,丹特火车站才会醒过来。
但是,即使是这种受限的存在方式也可能很快就会被终结。丹特火车站位于从赛特尔开往卡莱尔的铁路线上,该铁路线据说是英国风景最[38]优美的。然而,美丽的风景却无法使其幸免于英国国铁的资金困难。今年,[39]由于经济原因,过去曾经过丹特火车站的特快列车已经改走其他路线了。
英国国铁看不到这条铁路线的未来,现在这已经是人尽皆知的秘密了。它的多数火车不久前都已经消失。一个世纪前,以宏大[40]规模兴建的架桥也快倒塌了。这绝非个例。英国北部有六条铁路线面临着类似的威胁。问题在于一方面系统破旧不堪,而另一方面几乎[41]完全没有修理资金。架桥和隧道已老化,轨道的木支架正在腐烂,发动机和车厢也日显陈旧。
在大城市之间的[42]主干线上,问题并不是太严重。这些铁路线仍在盈利,能找到资金来[43]维护保养它们。但是,在乡村支线上,情况就完全不同了。日益磨损的轨道并没得到更换,反而实行了限速。这使得旅程不必要地延长,也让乘客沮丧。
如果架桥有危险,英国国铁要做的通常只有一件事:走出去,从另一个[44]渠道找资金。几个月前,当布里德灵顿火车站的一座桥摇摇欲坠时,英国国铁就是这样做的。据[45]估计,仅一座桥的修理费就要20万英镑——当两个地方议会提供一半的资金时,英国国铁感到很欣喜并且十分惊讶。
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