口译笔记（一）

第四单元　口译笔记（一）

第一部分　技能总述

在口译过程中，译者会遇到很多记忆上的困难，主要是信息集中、信息杂乱、信息密集、信息陌生等，这时我们就需要辅助记忆的工具。口译笔记是口译中辅助译者记忆的重要工具。

口译笔记更要求译者用他们的头脑去记，而不仅仅是笔，因为口译笔记是基于译者的逻辑记忆，笔记时应注意：

◆ 将源语作为一个整体来看待，不要拘泥于一两句话而要抓中心思想。

◆ 将源语分成几个小部分，抓住每一部分的主要含义，以达到不漏译的目的。

◆ 内容上特别要针对一些重要的概念、数字、组织机构等。

特别要避免以下情况：

◆ 盲目求“全”，试图记下所有信息点。

◆ 记下一些听到的但无特别具体含义的小词或词组。

◆ 拘泥于某一种语言或符号而影响了记录的速度和质量。（我们既可使用源语也可使用目标语，只要自己可以看懂，同时记下信息要点即可。）

◆ 笔记过于整齐或过于凌乱。（口译笔记是给译者补充记忆的，所以不必特别整齐而减缓了记录速度，但也不能过于凌乱，甚至使译者自己都看不清楚，也就无法起到帮助记忆的作用了。）

◆ 不用符号或过多符号。（由于源语的速度和信息量一定大于译者记录的速度，所以我们一定要使用一些符号，但同时也切忌使用过多符号，这与上面说的笔记整齐与凌乱的关系是一样的。）

第二部分　技巧解析

以下面两段为例，我们看一下笔记示范：

段落1：China has surpassed Japan to become the No. 2 economy in the world,but economists deem that America doesn’t need to worry about China leaving the US in the dust anytime soon,said an article in Christian Science Monitor. According to the article,China probably will not surpass US under current growth rates. “The numbers illustrate the vast gulf. The Chinese economy,the International Monetary Fund estimates,will total about $5.4 trillion this year,while the US will be about $14.8 trillion—almost three times the size of the Chinese

economy.”

此段介绍了一组数字，中国经济快速发展，超过日本成为世界第二，但美国并不用担心，因为在现有增速下，中国并不会很快赶超美国，以数字为例。这里要边理解边记录，尤其是数字更是不能漏掉，用一些符号会有较大的帮助。

参考译文：中国已超越日本成为世界第二大经济体，但经济学家认为美国无需担心中国会很快将其抛在身后，《基督教科学箴言报》称，以现在的增幅中国不可能超越美国。“数字说明了差距的巨大。国际货币基金组织预计，今年中国经济总额将达到约5.4万亿，而美国约14.8万亿，几乎为中国的三倍。”

段落2：To catch up with the US,China will have to grow extremely fast while the US economy dawdles,which most economists believe is unlikely,said the article. “For China to catch the US in 10 years,its economy would have to grow at more than 12 percent per annum,while the US grows at 2 percent,” Jay Bryson,international economist at Wells Fargo Economics in Charlotte,N.C.,estimates.

在这段文字中，提到了追赶经济增长，发展速度快慢等字样，可以用个别中文汉字记录，这样不仅便于翻译，同时也很大程度提高了记录的速度。另外，像year,international,economist等常见单词可以有固定的缩写方法，写成等常见单词可以有固定的缩写方法，写成yr,intl,Eist等，这种缩写因人而异，不必非要统一。而多于，少于，大于，小于等则可采用数学符号+,−,＞,＜；或用=表示达到，总共等数字表达。

参考译文：要赶上美国，中国要极速发展而美国经济停滞不前，大多数经济学家认为这不可能。“中国要在十年内赶上美国，则每年需增长超过12％，而美国只能2％的增长。”据来自夏洛特Wells Fargo的国际经济学家Jay Bryson预计。

第三部分　课文详解

The Heads of State,Heads of Government,Ministers,and other heads of delegation present at the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009 in Copenhagen.

We underline that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. We emphasize our strong political will to urgently combat climate change in accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. To achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention to stabilize greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system,we shall,recognizing the scientific view that the increase in global temperature should be below 2 degrees Celsius,on the basis of equity and in the context of sustainable development,enhance our long-term cooperative action to combat climate change. We recognize the critical impacts of climate change and the potential impacts of response measures on countries particularly vulnerable to its adverse effects and stress the need to establish a comprehensive adaptation programme including international support.

…

Non-Annex I Parties to the Convention will implement mitigation actions,including those to be submitted to the secretariat by non-Annex I Parties in the format given in Appendix II by 31 January 2010,for compilation in an INF document,consistent with Article 4.1 and Article 4.7 and in the context of sustainable development. Least-developed countries and small-island developing States may undertake actions voluntarily and on the basis of support. Mitigation actions subsequently taken and envisaged by Non-Annex I Parties,including national inventory reports,shall be communicated through national communications consistent with Article 12.1(b) every two years on the basis of guidelines to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties. Those mitigation actions in national communications or otherwise communicated to the Secretariat will be added to the list in appendix II. Mitigation actions taken by Non-Annex I Parties will be subject to their domestic measurement,reporting and verification the result of which will be reported through their national communications every two years. Non-Annex I Parties will communicate information on the implementation of their actions through National Communications,with provisions for international consultations and analysis under clearly defined guidelines that will ensure that national sovereignty is respected. Nationally appropriate mitigation actions seeking international support will be recorded in a registry along with relevant technology,finance and capacity building support. Those actions supported will be added to the list in appendix II. These supported nationally appropriate mitigation actions will be subject to international measurement,reporting and verification in accordance with guidelines adopted by the Conference of the Parties.

…

We call for an assessment of the implementation of this Accord to be completed by 2015,including in light of the Convention’s ultimate objective. This would include consideration of strengthening the long-term goal referencing various matters presented by the science,including in relation to temperature rises of 1.5 degrees Celsius.

Source:http://www.en8848.com.cn/yingyu/38/n-129238.html，有删节

解析：

1. The Heads of State,Heads of Government,Ministers,and other heads of delegation present at the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009 in Copenhagen.

对头衔的翻译一定不能漏掉，在做笔记时应迅速、全面地记下来。

参考译文：各国领导人、政府首脑、官员以及其他出席本次在哥本哈根举行的联合国2009年气候变化会议的代表。

因此，作为口译员，或口译的学习者，积累各种国际组织的缩略符号大有裨益，下面是一些常见的单位和组织缩写，以供参考：

1. APEC = Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (group) 亚洲和太平洋经济合作组织

2. ASEAN = Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟

3. AU = African Union 非洲联盟

4. EC = European Community 欧洲共同体（已被EU取代）

5. EU = European Union 欧盟

6. GATT = General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税和贸易总协定（已被WTO取代）

7. G-7 = Group of Seven（西方）七国集团

8. IAEA = International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能机构

9. IMF = International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织

10. IOC = International Olympic committee 国际奥林匹克委员会

11. NATO = North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织

12. NAM = Non-Aligned Movement 不结盟运动

13. OECD = Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作和开发组织

14. OPEC = Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织

15. SC(UN) = Security Council of United Nations（联合国）安理会

16. SNES = Seven-Nation Economic Summit 七国经济峰会

17. TC = Trusteeship Council（联合国）托管理事会

18. U.N. = United Nations 联合国

19. UNCTAD = United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易与发展会议

20. EP = European Parliament 欧洲议会

21. EFTA = European Free Trade Association 欧洲自由贸易协会

2. We underline that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. We emphasize our strong political will to urgently combat climate change in accordance with

the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. To achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention to stabilize greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system,we shall,recognizing the scientific view that the increase in global temperature should be below 2 degrees Celsius,on the basis of equity and in the context of sustainable development,enhance our long-term cooperative action to combat climate change.

这一段是协议的第一部分，讲话人提出总体措施，有数字，有要求，作为口译者在记录时注意不能漏记，同时找出能用到的符号，缩写等，以便提高记录速度。

此段用到较多符号，CC=climate change，因此文中提到较多气候变化问题；VS表示对抗，反对；三表示干扰；↗表示增长。同时也用了一些汉语及缩写等。

3. Non-Annex I Parties to the Convention will implement mitigation actions,including those to be submitted to the secretariat by non-Annex I Parties in the format given in Appendix II by 31 January 2010,for compilation in an INF document,consistent with Article 4.1 and Article 4.7 and in the context of sustainable development. Least developed countries and small-island developing States may undertake actions voluntarily and on the basis of support. Mitigation actions subsequently taken and envisaged by Non-Annex I Parties,including national inventory reports,shall be communicated through national communications consistent with Article 12.1(b) every two years on the basis of guidelines to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties. Those mitigation actions in national communications or otherwise communicated to the Secretariat will be added to the list in Appendix II.

上文中是第五条款中的一部分，针对这种比较长的资料，口译者通常不用一下子全记下来，但对关键的数字和名称绝不能落下。针对本篇资料的专有名称还可创造一些缩写名称，如：NA I P=Non-Annex I Parties; DC=developed countries; SIDS=small island developing states; MA=mitigation actions等。

参考译文：附录I非缔约方将根据第四条第一款和第四条第七款、在可持续发展的情况下实行延缓气候变化举措，包括在2010年1月31日之前按照附录II所列格式向秘书处递交的举措。最不发达国家及小岛屿发展中国家可以在得到扶持的情况下，自愿采取行动。附录I非缔约方采取的和计划采取的减排措施应根据第十二条第一款（b），以缔约方大会采纳的方针为前提，每两年通过国家间沟通来交流。这些通过国家间沟通或者向秘书处报告的减排措施将被添加进附录II的列表中。

4. We call for an assessment of the implementation of this Accord to be completed by 2015,including in light of the Convention’s ultimate objective. This would include consideration of strengthening the long-term goal referencing various matters presented by the science,including in relation to temperature rises of 1.5 degrees Celsius.

本段是第十二条款，作为本协议的结尾，有一些惯例结尾的用法，如号召等，我们可以将其统一化标志。

参考译文：我们呼吁，在2015年结束以前完成对该协议及其执行情况的评估，包括该协议的最终目标。这一评估还应包括加强长期目标，比如将每年全球平均气温升幅控制在1.5℃以内等。

第四部分　技巧练习

（一）听录音作笔记。尽量用最短的时间记下最多的内容，争取找到适合自己的符号。

1. 应中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛邀请，美利坚合众国总统贝拉克·奥巴马于2009年11月15日至18日对中国进行国事访问。两国元首就中美关系和其他共同关心的问题进行了深入、坦诚的会谈，成果丰富。中美双方积极评价中美建交三十年来两国关系取得的巨大发展，并就推进新时期中美关系发展达成一致。奥巴马总统将分别与中国全国人大常委会委员长吴邦国、国务院总理温家宝举行会见。奥巴马美国总统还与中国青年人进行了交流并回答他们的提问。

2. 回顾过去，东亚地区发生了深刻变化，取得了巨大进步。展望未来，我们可以满怀信心地说，推功东亚经济和社会发展达到新的水平，已经具备了比较良好的条件。

3. 维护地区的和平与稳定，发展经济科技，扩大互利合作，促进共同繁荣，成为东亚各国的共识。东亚国家致力于在相互尊重、平等相待、互不干涉内政的基础上发展相互关系，通过友好协商妥善处理存在的某些分歧。东亚政局稳定，国家关系良好。这为东亚各国保持经济持续增长，发展经济合作，创造了重要的前提条件。

4. 近年来发生在东南亚的金融危机，给人们以深刻启示。金融体系的正常运行，对经济全局的稳定和发展至关重要。在各国经济联系日益密切的条件下，保持健康稳定的金融形势，需要各国在完善金融的体制、政策和监管上进行努力，需要加强国际和地区的金融合作，需要共同防范国际游资过度投机。这样才能有效地维护国际金融秩序。

5. 现代化的交通、电信与大众传媒手段使世界越来越小，国际社会如同一个地球村，居住在地球村里的各国人民在文化交流和冲撞中和睦相处、彼此尊重、共求发展。我赞同这种的看法：当代社会的民族文化不可能在自我封闭的状态下得到发展。在我看来，不同的文化应该相互学习，取长补短。当然，在广泛的文化交流中，一个民族的文化必须保持本民族的鲜明特色。我认为，文化交流不是让外来文化吞没自己的文化，而是为了丰富各民族的文化。

6. 中国将坚定不移地综合执行和平独立的外交政策。中国的外交政策是为了争取长期健康的国际环境，尤其是争取有利于中国社会主义现代化建设的环境，有利于维护世界和平、促进共同发展的环境。

7. 问题是中国的内政，不应该影响中英关系的发展。至于喇嘛所说的他不要求独立，只要高度自治，这已不是他第一次提出来的。这只是他想在恢复统治、进而取得独立的第一步。事实已经证明喇嘛从未放弃独立的企图。他继续在国际舞台上从事类似活动。我们希望他放弃自己的立场，停止祖国的活动，承认中华人民共和国政府是代表全中国的唯一合法政府。只有在这样的条件下才能进行谈判。

8. 经济学家们认为，由于价格总水平的长期下降，使企业无法认清市场需求，无法确定投资方向，结果使企业的发展，经济的增长受到很大的影响。目前，中国市场的价格运行出现了一些积极的变化，但由于社会商品供过于求的矛盾依然突出，价格回升的基础还不稳固。经济界人士仍担心年底前能否走出通货紧缩的阴影。

9. 自20世纪70年代后期中国向世界开放以来，到1998年7月底，中国已批准了三十一万四千余个外资项目，其中一半以上已开始运作。据《中国信息报》报道，这些项目的外资签约总量为五千四百多亿美元。在过去的五年中，外商投资急剧上升，在我国经济发展中起了重大的作用。1993年以来，中国一直是继美国之后的第二大外资受益国。

10. 厦门是著名的旅游胜地，利用春节假期来这里旅游的人很多。初一上午，胡锦涛来到厦门旅游咨询服务中心，了解节日旅游服务情况。几位前来咨询的外地游客告诉总书记，厦门旅游环境很好，服务很到位。胡锦涛听了十分高兴，他希望这个中心进一步加强市场管理，提供优质服务，让广大游客在厦门度过一个愉快、温馨、祥和、安全的假期，使厦门旅游的品牌更加亮丽。

（二）听录音作笔记。尽量用最短的时间记下最多的内容，争取找到适合自己的符号。

1.　 If the Chinese economy were to suffer a nasty accident over the next few years,it is likely that housing will be at the bottom of it. Given the underlying demand for housing,it might seem surprising even to entertain the prospect of a bubble developing. Every year,between 10 million and 15 million rural people migrate to cities—a pattern that is likely to be repeated for the next decade at least.

2.　 On top of that,there is huge potential demand from the existing urban population. Although some 70 per cent of city residents own their homes,a large chunk of those people still live in the former state-owned flats they were allowed to buy cheaply from the late 1990s. Many are eager to upgrade to one of the newer tower blocks springing up across the country. Yet the Chinese housing market is at constant risk of spinning out of control. Apart from the negative real rates of interest they receive on bank deposits,ordinary Chinese have few other options available for investing their savings,other than a volatile stock market,because of the restrictions on taking money out of the country. That makes the perceived security of buying property a constant attraction.

3.　 In recent years,the authorities have tried to use short-term administrative policies to try to control rising housing prices. In 2007 and again this year,measures were introduced to make speculative house-buying less attractive—this year the policies have included higher down payments for mortgages on second and third homes and increasing the mortgage rates for second homes. However,there are limitations to using such administrative tools to control price increases. These types of policies have to be implemented on a city-by-city basis and the risk is that once the initial campaign dies down,local governments—which often have close ties with the real estate industry—begin to relax their grip.

4.　 I want to send my best wishes to people in China,the United Kingdom and around the world who are celebrating the Chinese New Year. This is not just a time for a great celebration,with firecrackers and fireworks,lion dances and great food. It’s a time for friends and family,for new beginnings and old wisdom,for hope and optimism. That is especially true this year as we entered the Year of Rabbit,a year traditionally associated with home,family and peace. In many ways the year ahead will be a difficult one as the world takes the hard and necessary steps to assure economic stability and prosperity. But I’m sure of this:we’ll get through stronger and richer if we work together. That’s why when I visited Beijing last year,with the largest ever delegation of UK Cabinet Ministers,I called for the UK and China to be “Partners in Growth” with more investment and economic co-operation between our two countries.

5.　 And I’m delighted to say that is already happening with new deals being signed,new jobs being created and a new ambitious target of a hundred billion dollars worth of trade between China and the United Kingdom by 2015. And that’s why back home,I pay tribute to the Chinese community in Britain and the enormous contribution that they make to our country. The successful stories are everywhere,in science,research,the health services,in catering industries,and the values they live by:the hard work,enterprise and community. They are the values we need if we are to create a stronger economy and a strong society.

6.　 On behalf of the entire Olympic family,I would like to wish the people of China a very happy new year! China is a very important member of the Olympic Movement. Chinese athletes have consistently delivered some of the greatest sporting performances the world has witnessed. And in 2008 the city of Beijing offered the world a magnificent Olympic Games. I was very proud to be able to witness the Games in the most populous country in the world with so much enthusiasm and support from all over China. We will remain forever grateful to Chinese friends for what they have accomplished in 2008.

7.　 Everything was done to allow athletes and spectators from around the world to feel welcome. Their smiles and their joys stand as testimony to these games’ success. At the closing ceremony I described the Beijing Games are truly exceptional. They were historical moment not only for the Olympic Movement but also for the world. And now we look forward to attending to China for the Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing in 2014. My colleagues and I know that it will be another fantastic achievement that is built on the supporting legacy of the Beijing Games. I wish you all a happy and successful new year! Xin Nian Kuai Le!

8.　 I am delighted to be back in Beijing for the 7th ASEM Summit and to be given this opportunity to address this important school that nurtures your nation’s leaders of tomorrow. I am particularly pleased since the European Commission has had the opportunity to support this school. But let me begin by commending you all for the successful Olympic Games. These Games brought today’s China into homes around the world. It is a vivid picture of a dynamic society undergoing tremendous change. It is a picture that those who were able to attend the Games will carry with them forever. I am convinced that the Games brought the world and China closer together. This is something we should build on for the future.

9.　 As you all know,we live in dynamic,and sometimes even dramatic,times. I will try to outline some of the main challenges ahead of us-and how they can be met through increased cooperation,as China and the EU have a very important word to say in the way we can,collectively,find global solutions for global problems. In the last month we have witnessed a financial crisis on a scale not seen for many decades. We have seen stock-markets plummet and banks taken over by national governments. Hard-earned savings have disappeared; well-known institutions have ceased to exist overnight. The financial crisis has shown how interdependent we have become. What began as a seemingly isolated issue with sub-prime loans in the United States a year ago gradually spread,showing once again that in the world economy of today,markets and investments know no boundaries.

10.　 The handling of the crisis has demonstrated that we need more and better long term coordination to ensure transparency and confidence in the market. In order to cushion the impact of the financial crisis on the real economy,we also need to sustain domestic demand and to further promote international trade. Here China’s contribution to world economic activity is crucial. We believe that this crisis was not only about the problems of some financial institutions. The crisis also shows the risks of some macroeconomic imbalances and point to problems with the fundamentals of the global economy.

第五部分　练习拓展

1.　 Pulpy may be an unfamiliar brand in London,New York or Tokyo. But Coca-Cola’s top-selling fruit-based drink is all the rage in Shanghai,Jakarta and Mexico City. Introduced in China by the Minute Maid unit of the US beverages group and then rolled out across Asia and Latin America,it is now set for launch in other regions,including Eastern Europe.

Pulpy is Coca-Cola’s first international product to be developed in the emerging world and make a significant—though undisclosed—contribution to group-wide sales. “This is one of the most successful Coca-Cola innovations of the 21st century,” says Joanna Lu,a Coke marketing director.

The success of the drink highlights the growing importance of innovation in emerging markets. Not only do China,India,Brazil and other countries offer companies fast growth prospects; they also generate opportunities for developing new products,services,manufacturing techniques and business processes. These innovations do not yet involve transformational technological shifts—such inventions remain the preserve of the developed world with its long-established universities and commercial laboratories. But the emerging world is spawning product improvements with commercial implications that are game-changing. They do not win Nobel prizes but they do make money.

2.　 Emerging market innovation is not new. More than 20 years ago,Hindustan Lever,the Indian consumer product affiliate of the Anglo-Dutch Unilever,pioneered mini-sachets as a way of taking its soaps to poorer consumers. What is new is the growing volume of such innovations,the internet-boosted speed with which they capture markets,and the increasing role played in innovation by local companies,notably Chinese,Indian,Brazilian and South African. Certainly emerging economies make plenty of shoddy products and not a few rip-off copies of western and Japanese originals. But mere imitation does not sustain a business for long,given the fierce competition in the biggest economies,especially China. As Dieter May,a vice-president of Nokia,the Finnish mobile phone maker,says:“They don’t need to steal any more. That’s history.”

With China last year overtaking Japan as the world’s second largest economy,its companies are leading the charge. Huawei,a leader in switching technology,competes head—on with Sweden’s Ericsson,even in Europe. Mindray,a medical equipment maker,has developed monitors priced at 10 per cent of western rivals. Haier,a white goods company,makes novel low-cost mini-fridges. Elsewhere,India’s Tata Motors sets new standards for low-cost cars with the $2 500 Nano. Ranbaxy,the pharmaceuticals company,developed an anti-malaria drug from scratch. SAB Miller,the South African brewer,has developed a low-cost beer based on sorghum,a local crop that replaces costly imported malt. In Brazil,Embraer is a world-class maker of small commercial jets. Even in Russia,where business conditions are particularly tough,there is commercial innovation:Kaspersky Laboratories,a software group,exports world-beating own-brand security programs.

3. 陈健副部长在第十八届昆交会暨第三届南亚国家商品展开幕式上的致辞

尊敬的王岐山副总理，

尊敬的老挝副总理宋沙瓦阁下，

各位来宾，女士们、先生们：大家上午好！

值此第十八届中国昆明进出口商品交易会和第三届南亚国家商品展开幕之际，我谨代表中国商务部表示热烈的祝贺！

东盟和南亚国家是中国的友好邻邦，也是中国的重要贸易伙伴。近年来，双边经贸合作不断深化，中国与东盟、巴基斯坦建成了自由贸易区，与印度、斯里兰卡、孟加拉等国在亚太贸易协定框架下合作密切。2009年，面对国际金融危机的不利影响，中国与东盟的贸易额仍实现2 130亿美元，与南亚国家的贸易额则达到570亿美元。双方在基础设施建设、相互投资等多个领域的互利合作也结出了丰硕的成果。

当前，中国正在积极实施促进经济增长的一揽子计划，更加注重实现贸易增长方式的转变和贸易的平衡协调发展。进一步加强中国与东盟和南亚国家在贸易和投资等领域的合作，是本地区各国的共同愿望。昆交会和南亚商品展就是加强这种合作的重要平台之一，希望大家充分利用这次展会提供的良好机遇，深入交流、扩大合作、共谋发展。

最后，预祝第十八届昆交会和第三届南亚国家商品展取得圆满成功。

谢谢大家！

Source:http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/subject/cv/updates/201011/20101107234361.html

4.　 金融危机对中国实体经济的影响日益显现。从去年第三季度以来，出口大幅下滑，经济增速放缓，就业压力加大。中国经济面临着严峻的局面。面对危机，我们果断决策，及时调整宏观经济政策取向，迅速出台扩大国内需求的十项措施，陆续制定了一系列政策，形成了系统完整的促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划。主要包括以下几个方面：

一是大规模增加政府支出扩大内需。中国政府推出了以财政支出带动社会投资，总额达4万亿元的两年计划，规模相当于2007年中国GDP的16％。主要投向保障性安居工程、农村民生工程、铁路交通等基础设施、社会事业、生态环保建设和地震灾后恢复重建。中国政府还推出了大规模的减税计划，一年可减轻企业和居民负担约5 000亿元。我们还大幅度降息和增加银行体系流动性，出台了一系列金融措施。

二是大范围实施产业调整振兴计划。我们全面推进产业结构调整和优化升级，制定汽车、钢铁等十个重点产业的调整和振兴规划。我们采取经济和技术的措施，大力推进节能减排，推进企业兼并重组，提高产业集中度和资源配置效率。我们鼓励和支持企业广泛应用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料，开发适销对路产品。

Source:http://news.xinhuanet.com/school/2009-02/03/content_10754383_1.htm

第六部分　段落实战与演练

Passage 1

词汇补充

state sovereignty　国家主权

segregation　种族隔离

cooperation/confrontation　合作/对抗

gather armies on a field of battle,move troops; muster mampower　调兵遣将

State sovereignty must be a cornerstone of international order. Just as all states should have the right to choose their leaders,states must have the right to borders that are secure,and to their own foreign policies. That is true for Russia,just as it is true for the United States. Any system that cedes those rights will lead to anarchy. That’s why we must apply this principle to all nations—and that includes nations like Georgia and Ukraine. America will never impose a security arrangement on another country. For any country to become a member of an organization like NATO,for example,a majority of its people must choose to; they must undertake reforms; they must be able to contribute to the Alliance’s mission. And let me be clear:NATO should be seeking collaboration with Russia,not confrontation.

And more broadly,we need to foster cooperation and respect among all nations and peoples. As President of the United States,I will work tirelessly to protect America’s security and to advance our interests. But no one nation can meet the challenges of the 21st century on its own,nor dictate its terms to the world. That is something that America now understands,just as Russia understands. That’s why America seeks an international system that lets nations pursue their interests peacefully,especially when those interests diverge; a system where the universal rights of human beings are respected,and violations of those rights are opposed; a system where we hold ourselves to the same standards that we apply to other nations,with clear rights and responsibilities for all.

There was a time when Roosevelt,Churchill,and Stalin could shape the world in one meeting. Those days are over. The world is more complex today. Billions of people have found their voice,and seek their own measure of prosperity and self-determination in every corner of the planet. Over the past two decades,we’ve witnessed markets grow,wealth spread,and technology used to build—not destroy. We’ve seen old hatreds pass,illusions of differences between people lift and fade away; we’ve seen the human destiny in the hands of more and more human beings who can shape their own destinies. Now,we must see that the period of transition which you have lived through ushers in a new era in which nations live in peace,and people realize their aspirations for dignity,security,and a better life for their children. That is America’s interest,and I believe that it is Russia’s interest as well.

Source; http://www.kekenet.com/kouyi/77218_10.shtml

Passage 2

中国对建立国际政治经济新秩序的主张

词汇补充

和平共处五项原则　the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

互相尊重主权和领土完整　mutual respect of sovereignty and territorial integrity

互不侵犯　mutual non-aggression

互不干涉内政　mutual non-interference in internal affairs

尊重各国国情　respect the national conditions of various countries

求同存异　seek common ground while shelving differences; agree to disagree

我们认为，建立国际政治经济新秩序，应该反映世界各国人民的普遍愿望和共同利益，应该体现历史发展和时代进步的要求。和平共处五项原则、联合国宪章的宗旨和原则以及其他公认的国际关系准则应成为国际政治经济新秩序的基础。具体来说，这一新秩序应坚持以下基本原则：

第一，互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政。

第二，坚持用和平方式处理国际争端。反对凭借军事优势动辄使用武力或以武力相威胁，要彻底摒弃冷战思维，树立以互信、互利、平等、协作为核心的新安全观，通过对话增进相互信任，通过合作促进共同安全。

第三，世界各国主权平等。所有国家不论强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等的一员，都有平等参与世界事务的权利。各国的事情要由各国人民作主，国际上的事情要由各国平等协商，全球性的挑战要由各国合作应对。

第四，尊重各国国情、求同存异。每个国家都有权独立自主地选择自己的社会制度与发展道路。世界本来就是丰富多彩的，不可能只有一种模式。各国社会制度和价值观念等方面的差异不应成为发展正常国家间关系的障碍，更不应成为干涉别国内政的理由。

第五，互利合作、共同发展。各国之间，特别是发达国家和发展中国家应该相互合作，平等互利，共同发展。要改革旧的不合理的国际经济秩序，使之有利于维护世界各国特别是广大发展中国家的权益。

中国愿同世界各国一道，为推动建立公正、合理的国际政治经济新秩序，创造一个持久和平和普遍繁荣的新世界而共同努力。

Source:http://www.en8848.com.cn/yingyu/04/n-69804.html

Passage 3

Budding Consumer Classes Enticed with Starter Packs of Staples

词汇补充

shampoo　香波

multinational　跨国公司

soft drink　软饮料

deodorant　去味剂

Danone　达能

Nestlé　雀巢

Ever since Deng Xiaoping declared it glorious to get rich,multinationals have viewed China as a land of 1 billion-plus sets of teeth to be cleaned,heads to be shampooed and stomachs to be filled.

Three decades later (despite doubts that the late paramount leader actually uttered those words),the world’s most populous country is awash with the products that form the staples of middle-class life.

Many multinationals got it wrong in the interim:witness the numerous failed joint ventures where capital and technology passed to the domestic partner in exchange for scant recompense. Danone,the French dairy and water group,quit its venture in 2009 after accusing partner Wahaha,China’s leading soft-drinks producer,and Zong Qinghou,its founder,of setting up lucrative parallel businesses.

But perseverance and nifty strategies have paid off for most. Indeed,facing a moribund US and Europe,consumer multinationals are today particularly grateful for their emerging market operations. As Procter ＆ Gamble put it to analysts last month,China will add another 270m middle-class customers in the next decade—roughly the same number as there are in the US today.

Unilever,whose roots in the region go back to 1888,foresees the new middle classes accounting for the lion’s share of global turnover. “We want to turbocharge and develop our growth in emerging markets—which means that,from the current contribution of 50 per cent,we want it to actually become the predominant part of Unilever’s business and deliver 70 per cent,”says Harish Manwani,the company’s president for Asia,Africa,central and eastern Europe.

His peers have their sights set firmly in the same direction—hence the rash of research and development centres opening in the region. Nestlé,for example,plans to open a centre in India in 2012.

There is also a spate of innovations targeted at middle classes less affluent than those of the developed world. Nestlé sells single servings of instant coffee and stock cubes; Unilever tempts with sachets of deodorant and shampoo; several manufacturers sell nappies in packs of three. The ploy,of course,is to hook customers early and stay with them as their incomes rise.

Source:http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001036436/ce

Passage 4

Europe Must Start Putting Its House in Order

词汇补充

sustainable growth　可持续增长

economic imbalance　经济增长不平衡

confront　面临

deficit　赤字

eurozone　欧元区

Today in Paris,European leaders have been brought together by the French government to discuss the year ahead. The top priority for the Group of 20 leading nations this year is to ensure a sustained global recovery that lays the foundations for stronger,sustainable growth. What does this mean for Europe? Addressing global economic imbalances cannot be code for a discussion between America and China,in which European countries are bystanders. On deficits,growth and banks,2011 is the year Europe must put its own house in order.

This means confronting the difficult issues holding back confidence and growth. The first is continuing market concern about sovereign debt. The sense of crisis may have eased,but wide spreads and high market interest rates still stalk several European economies. We need a comprehensive package early this year to address this. The eurozone must follow the logic of the single currency and stand more convincingly behind the euro.

Action at a European level needs to be matched by difficult domestic decisions. The affirmation of the UK’s triple A credit rating,and the fall in our market interest rates,shows that it is possible to earn credibility with a convincing deficit reduction plan—as we saw this week as our plans began to take effect with the tough but necessary increases in value added tax to 20 per cent. But European economies also need both European Union and domestic measures to open up product markets,liberalise labour markets,support enterprise and reform welfare. That is certainly our focus in the UK as the next Budget approaches.

Source:http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001036434/ce

参考答案

第三部分　课文详解

各国领导人、政府首脑、官员以及其他出席本次在哥本哈根举行的联合国2009年气候变化会议的代表：

我们强调，气候变化是我们当今面临的最重大挑战之一。我们强调对抗气候变化的强烈政治意愿，以及“共同但区别的责任”原则。为最终达成最终的会议目标，稳定温室气体在大气中的浓度以及防止全球气候继续恶化，我们必须在认识到每年全球气候升幅不应超过2摄氏度的科学观点后，在公正和可持续发展的基础上，加强长期合作以对抗气候变化。我们认识到气候变化的重大影响，以及对一些受害尤其严重的国家的应对措施的潜在影响，并强调建立一个全面的应对计划并争取国际支持的重要性。

……

附录Ⅰ非缔约方将根据第四条第一款和第四条第七款、在可持续发展的情况下实行延缓气候变化举措，包括在2010年1月31日之前按照附录Ⅱ所列格式向秘书处递交的举措。最不发达国家及小岛屿发展中国家可以在得到扶持的情况下，自愿采取行动。

附录Ⅰ非缔约方采取的和计划采取的减排措施应根据第十二条第一款（b），以缔约方大会采纳的方针为前提，每两年通过国家间沟通来交流。这些通过国家间沟通或者向秘书处报告的减排措施将被添加进附录Ⅱ的列表中。

附录Ⅰ非缔约方采取的减排措施将需要对每两年通过国家间沟通进行报告结果在国内进行衡量、报告和审核。附录Ⅰ非缔约方将根据那些将确保国家主权得到尊重的、明确界定的方针，通过国家间沟通，交流各国减排措施实施的相关信息，为国际会议和分析做好准备。寻求国际支持的合适的国家减排措施将与相关的技术和能力扶持一起登记在案。那些获得扶持的措施将被添加进附录Ⅱ的列表中。

这些得到扶持的合适的国家减排措施将有待根据缔约方大会采纳的方针进行国际衡量、报告和审核。

……

我们呼吁，在2015年结束以前完成对该协议及其执行情况的评估，包括该协议的最终目标。这一评估还应包括加强长期目标，比如将每年全球平均气温升幅控制在1.5摄氏度以内等。

第四部分　技巧练习

1.

（一）参考译文

1. At the invitation of President Hu Jintao of the People’s Republic of China,President Barack Obama of the United States of America is paying a state visit to China from November 15-18,2009. The Presidents held in-depth,productive and candid discussions on U.S.-China relations and other issues of mutual interest. They highlighted the substantial progress in U.S.-China relations over the past 30 years since the establishment of diplomatic ties,and they reached agreement to advance U.S.-China relations in the new era. President Obama will have separate meetings with Wu Bangguo,Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and Premier Wen Jiabao. President Obama also spoke with and answered questions from Chinese youth.

2.

In retrospect,profound changes and tremendous progress have taken place in East Asia. Looking ahead,we can say with full confidence that relatively sound conditions exist for East Asia to raise its economic and social development to a new level.

3.

It has become the shared understanding of East Asian countries to maintain regional peace and stability,develop the economy,science and technology,expand mutually beneficial cooperation,and promote common prosperity. East Asian countries are committed to the development of their relations on the basis of mutual respect,treating one another as equals and non-interference in one another’s internal affairs and properly addressing some existing differences through friendly consultations. With political stability,East Asian countries enjoy good relations among themselves. This has provided an important prerequisite for the sustained economic growth of East Asian countries and the development of their economic cooperation.

4.

Southeast Asia’s recent financial crisis has taught people a profound lesson. Normal functioning of the financial system is crucial to overall economic stability and development. To maintain a sound and stable financial order in a closely intertwined global economy,it is imperative for countries to work to improve there financial system,policies and supervision,to strengthen both regional and international financial cooperation and jointly ward off excessive speculation by international hot money. Only by doing so can we effectively maintain the international financial order.

5.

Modern means of transportation,telecommunication and mass media have shortened the geographical distance of the world. The international community appears to be no more than a global village,in which peoples of all nations experience the inevitable cultural exchanges and clashes,while seeking common development in a harmonious and respectful relationship. I’m with the view that in this modern world,the culture of any nation cannot develop in isolation. And I believe that different cultures should learn from each other’s strengths to offset their own weaknesses. Of course,the culture of a nation must withhold its own distinctive national characteristics in its extensive exchange with other cultures. Cultural exchange,I think,is by no means a process of losing one’s own culture to a foreign culture,but a process of enriching each other’s national cultures.

6.

China will unswervingly carry out its independent foreign policy of peace in a comprehensive manner. China’s foreign policy serves to gain a long-term,sound international environment. Particularly,the policy aims to achieve an environment conducive to China’s socialist modernization drive,the maintenance of world peace and the promotion of joint development.

7.

The issue of is an internal affair of China which should not influence the development of Sino-British relations. As for the Dalai Lama’s remarks that he did not want to achieve independence of ,but high level autonomy,this is not the first time he has made this proposal. This is merely the first step toward restoration of his rule over prior to achieving independence. Facts have proved that Dalai Lama has never given up his attempt to gain independence. He is continuously carrying out such activities in the international arena. We hope he can give up his position and stop his activities to split the motherland,and recognize the government of the People’s Republic of China as the only legal government representing the whole of China. Only under such circumstances can negotiations be conducted.

8.

Economists say that if the prices have been dropping for long periods of time,the enterprises will be at a loss as to where the market demand is and don’t know where to invest. Consequently,the companies’ development and the economic growth are greatly affected.

Although there have been positive changes in the fluctuation of prices,the foundation of a rebound in prices isn’t firm due to the fact that the supply is still greater than the demand. Whether China is able to escape the shadow of deflation by the end of the year is still of much concern to those in the economic circle.

9.

By the end of July 1998,China had approved more than three hundred and fourteen thousand foreign-invested projects since its opening to the rest of the world in the late 1970s and more than half has begun operating. The China Information reported that these projects have a combined contractual foreign investment of over US $ 540 billion.

The last five years has witnessed the drastic growth of foreign investment,which has been playing a vital role in the development of our economy. Since 1993,China has remained the second largest recipient of foreign funds,after the United States.

10.

Xiamen is a famous tourist area and many people visited the city during the Spring Festival. On the morning of the first day of the Lunar New Year,Hu Jintao visited the Xiamen Tourist Information Centre to familiarize himself with holiday tourist services. Several foreign tourists who came to the centre for information told the general secretary that Xiamen has a good tourist environment and is providing good services. Hu Jintao was happy to hear this. He hoped that the centre would further strengthen market management and provide better services so that tourists can enjoy a happy,warm,peaceful and safe holiday in Xiamen and make the city’s tourism brand name more famous.

（二）参考译文

1.

如果说中国经济在未来几年会遇到严重问题，那么其根源可能会是房地产市场。考虑到潜在的住房需求，泡沫的说法有点像是天方夜谭。中国每年有大约1 000万到1 500万农村人口进入城市，这种趋势至少在未来十年可能都会持续下去。

2.

除此之外，现有的城市人口也有巨大的潜在需求。尽管大约70％的城市居民都有自己的住房，但他们当中的很大一部分仍住在20世纪90年代末获准廉价购买的原国有房产里。许多居民都渴望改善居住环境，搬到全国各地拔地而起的新楼房中。但中国楼市却时常有失控的风险。由于中国限制将资金带出国外，普通中国人除了动荡的股市以外，没有多少可投资其储蓄的渠道，银行存款的实际利率也是负值。而购房被认为是安全投资，从而产生了持久的吸引力。

3.

最近几年，有关政府部门不断尝试利用短期行政政策来抑制高涨的房价。2007年和今年，中国出台了相关措施，以降低投机性购房的吸引力。今年的措施包括提高第二套及以上住房的房贷首付款，以及提高第二套房的按揭利率。然而，使用此类行政工具控制价格增长具有局限性。此类政策势必是由各个城市具体实施的，因此一旦最初的管控势头慢慢淡去，通常与房地产行业关系密切的地方政府就会放松控制。

4.

我想对在中国、英国以及全世界正要欢度中国农历春节的人们致以我最美好的祝福。这一个时刻，不仅仅只是欢乐庆祝，鞭炮烟花齐放，狮舞狂欢和美酒佳肴，这更是一个亲朋好友齐聚的时刻，承继古老智慧并且展望新的开端，是希望和梦想的时刻。在我们进入兔年春节之际，这一在传统上，意味着家庭团聚以及睦邻祥和节日。从很多方面来说，我们即将迎来的这一年是困难重重的，因为整个世界还需要迈出有力而必要的步伐，确保经济稳定和繁荣，但是我可以肯定的是，只要我们一起努力，我们将会克服困难，变得更为强盛和繁荣，这是为什么在我去年带领史上规模最大的，英国内阁部长代表团访问北京时，我把英国和中国的关系，成为“共同增长的伙伴关系”，我们两国间将会有更多的经贸投资和合作。

5.

而我可以很高兴地说这一切已在进行中，随着新协议的签定，随之产生的新的就业机会，以及英中之间达成的雄心勃勃的目标，要在2015年将贸易额扩大到1 000亿美元，这也是为什么我结束了访华之行回国之后，对英国的华人社区以及他们为我们国家做出的巨大贡献更加充满了敬意，他们成功的领域无处不在，科学、研究、医疗、卫生服务、餐饮行业等等，并且他们所信奉的价值观，刻苦工作，企业精神和社区融合，是我们创建强大的经济实力，以及强大的社会所必须的价值理念。

6.

我谨代表奥林匹克大家庭恭祝中国人民新年快乐！中国是奥林匹克运动的重要成员，中国运动员一直以来不断取得世人瞩目的体育成绩。2008年北京为世界呈现了一届完美的奥运会！我非常有幸见证了在世界上人口最多的国家举行的奥运会得到了最广泛的充满热情的支持。我们将永远铭记我们的中国朋友在2008年所取得成就。

7.

所有的一切都为欢迎来自世界各地的运动员和观众而做，他们的微笑与欢乐证明了本届奥运会的成功。我在北京奥运会的闭幕式上说过：北京奥运会是一届真正的无与伦比的奥运会。这不但是奥林匹克运动更是整个世界的历史时刻！现在我们期待着2014年在中国南京举办的青年奥运会，我和我的同事都坚信这将又是一个在继承北京奥运会基础上的伟大成就。我祝大家新年快乐，成功！新年快乐！

8.

我很高兴能再次来到北京参加第七届亚欧首脑会议，并且得到在贵院这一培养中国未来领导人的重要学府做演讲的机会。尤其令我欣喜的是，欧盟委员会曾经为贵院提供过支持。但是，请允许我首先就奥运会的成功举办向在座的各位表示祝贺。这一盛会让世界各地的许多家庭看到了今天的中国。北京奥运会生动地向世人展示了生机勃勃的中国正在发生的巨变。这一画面将被亲历过北京奥运会的人们所永远铭记。我相信北京奥运会让世界和中国更加紧密地联系在一起。这种联系也正是我们着眼于未来而所要加强的。

9.

众所周知，我们生活在一个活跃甚至富有戏剧性的时代。中国和欧盟将在如何在全球范围内找到共同解决全球问题方面发挥重要作用，我下面将介绍一下我们目前所面临的一些主要挑战以及如何通过加强合作来应对这些挑战。上个月我们见证了一场数十年未遇的金融危机。我们看到股票市场下跌，银行被政府接管，辛苦积攒的储蓄荡然无存，一些知名的机构一夜之间不复存在。这场金融危机显示了我们之间如此之深的相互依存程度。一年前发生在美国的次级贷款这一看似孤立的事件已逐渐蔓延开来。这再次说明市场和投资在今天的世界经济中已超越国界。

10.

应对这场危机的实践表明，我们需要进行更多、更有效的长远协作以保证市场的透明和信心。为了减少这场金融危机对实体经济的冲击，我们需要维持国内的需求并且进一步推动世界贸易。在这方面，中国对世界经济活动的贡献是关键性的。我们相信，这场危机并非仅仅由金融机构的问题引发。这场危机也表明了宏观经济不平衡所造成的风险，并且揭示了一些与全球经济基本面相关的问题。

第五部分　练习拓展

1. 在伦敦、纽约或东京，果粒橙（Pulpy）或许不太为人所知。但在上海、雅加达和墨西哥城，可口可乐（Coca-Cola）旗下这种畅销的果汁饮料可谓风靡一时。可口可乐旗下的美汁源（MINUTE MAID）分部将果粒橙引进中国，随后推广到整个亚洲和拉丁美洲地区。目前该部门计划在包括东欧在内的其它地区推广这种饮料。

果粒橙是可口可乐在新兴市场开发的第一款国际产品，为集团的全球销售作出了重大贡献（尽管未披露具体数额）。可口可乐一位营销总监乔安娜·卢（Joanna Lu）表示：“这是可口可乐在21世纪最成功的创新之一。”

果粒橙的成功，突显出创新在新兴市场越来越重要。中国、印度、巴西和其他国家，不仅为企业提供了迅速增长的前景，而且还为企业开发新产品、服务、制造工艺和业务流程创造了机会。这些创新还不包括转换性的技术变革——此类发明依然是拥有老牌大学和商业实验室的发达国家的禁脔。但新兴市场正推出大量具有商业意义的产品改良，由此改变着游戏的格局。这些改良没有赢得诺贝尔奖，但的确在赚钱。

2. 新兴市场创新并不是什么新鲜事。二十多年前，英荷公司联合利华（Unilever）旗下的印度消费品公司Hindustan Lever发明了迷你包装，以便把肥皂出售给较为贫穷的消费者。新鲜之处在于，此类创新越来越多，以互联网推动下的速度占领市场，而本地企业在创新中正发挥着越来越重要的作用，尤其是中国、印度、巴西和南非的企业。当然，新兴经济体制造了大量劣质产品，并仿造西方和日本的产品，生产出不少山寨产品。但是鉴于大型经济体（尤其是中国）中的激烈竞争，仅靠仿制是无法长期支撑业务的。正如芬兰手机制造商诺基亚（Nokia）副总裁迪特尔·梅（Dieter May）所言：“它们不再需要剽窃。那已经成为历史。”

随着去年中国超过日本、成为全球第二大经济体，中国企业率先发力。交换技术领域的领军企业华为（Huawei）已与瑞典的爱立信（Ericsson）正面交锋，即使是在欧洲。医疗设备制造商迈瑞（Mindray）开发出定价只有西方竞争对手10％的监视器。白色家电制造商海尔（Haier）则生产出了新颖、成本低廉的迷你冰箱。在其他地区，印度塔塔汽车（Tata Motors）推出了价格仅为2 500美元的Nano汽车，定义出了低成本汽车的新标准。制药企业兰伯西（Ranbaxy）从零开始，开发出抗疟疾药。南非酿酒商米勒公司（SAB Miller）以本地作物高粱代替昂贵的进口麦芽，生产出了低价啤酒。巴西航空工业公司（Embraer）成为世界级的小型商用喷气式飞机制造商。甚至在商业环境特别艰难的俄罗斯，也不乏商业创新：软件集团卡巴斯基实验室（Kaspersky Laboratories）在出口世界一流的自有品牌安全软件。

3. Vice Minister Chen Jian’s Address in 18th China Kunming Import and Export Fair ＆ 3rd South Asian Countries Trade Fair

Distinguished Vice Premier Wang Qishan,

Distinguished H.E. Vice Premier of Laos Somsavat,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Good Morning!

On the occasion of the opening of the 18th China Kunming Import and Export Fair ＆ 3rd South Asian Countries Trade Fair,I would like,on behalf of the Ministry of Commerce of China,to extend our warm congratulations.

ASEAN and Countries in South Asia are our friendly neighbors and important trading partners. In recent years,with the deepening of bilateral trade and economic cooperation,China has established FTA with ASEAN and Pakistan,and had close cooperation with India,Sri Lanka and Bangladesh under the framework of Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement. In 2009,despite the international financial crisis China-ASEAN trade amounted to US$213 billion and China-South Asia trade reached US$57 billion. Great achievements were made in mutually beneficial cooperation covering infrastructure construction and two-way investment.

Currently,China is actively implementing its economic stimulus package which pays more attention to realize the transformation of trade growth mode and balanced development of trade. It is the common desire for all counties in this region to further strengthen the cooperation in trade and investment between China and ASEAN and countries from South Asia. China Kunming Import and Export Fair ＆ South Asian Countries Trade Fair is such an important platform for enhancing the cooperation. I hope everyone could make full use of this opportunity to have in-depth exchanges,expand the cooperation and seek common development.

Finally,wish the 18th China Kunming Import and Export Fair ＆ 3rd South Asian Countries Trade Fair a complete success! Thank you!

4. The fallout of the financial crisis on China’s real economy is becoming more evident. Since the third quarter of last year,our exports have declined sharply,economic growth has slowed down,and the pressure on employment has been rising. In the face of the grim situation,we have acted decisively. We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy,promptly introduced ten measures to expand domestic demand,and formulated a series of related policies. Together,they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at promoting steady and relatively fast economic growth. Its main

contents are:

First,substantially increase government spending to boost domestic demand. The Chinese Government has announced a two-year investment program that will generate,through fiscal spending,a total investment of RMB 4 trillion nationwide,equivalent to 16％ of China’s GDP in 2007. The money will mainly go into government-subsidized housing,projects related to the well-being of rural residents,the construction of railway and other infrastructural projects,social development programs,environmental protection and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction. The Chinese Government has introduced a massive tax-cut program,which will reduce the tax burdens on businesses and individuals by about RMB 500 billion each year. We have also cut interest rates by a large margin,increased liquidity in the banking system and adopted a range of financial measures.

Second,implement a large-scale industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program. We are pushing forward industrial restructuring and upgrading across the board and formulating plans for the restructuring and revitalization of ten key industries,including automobiles and iron and steel. We will take economic and technological measures to boost energy conservation and reduce emissions,and promote merger and reorganization of enterprises to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation. We encourage and support the extensive application of new technologies,techniques,equipment and materials and the development of marketable products by enterprises.