意译加注释

二、意译加注释

◆ 张静斋屈指一算：“铭旌是用周学台的衔。墓志托魏朋友将就做一篇，却是用谁的名?其余殡仪、桌席、执事、吹打，以及杂用，饭食、破土、谢风水之类，须三百多银子。”(吴敬梓《儒林外史》第四回)

Mr．Chang reckoned on his fingers．On the funeral banner they could use Commissioner Chou's name．Wei Hao-ku could write the epitaph—but whose name should they use for it?Then there would be the cost of the funeral．Feasts，musicians and all the rest，with the food，payment to the grave-diggers and geomancer，would mount up to over three hundred taels of silver．

※the funeral banner：It was the custom to ask an eminent citizen to inscribe the long banner used during a funeral with the dead person's titles and achievements．

※geomancer：In the choice of a burial ground，great attention was paid to the lie of the land，the position of hills and water in the vicinity，and so forth;for these factors were believed to affect the fate of the descendants．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 谁知他(晴雯)哥嫂见他一咽气便回了进去，希图早些得几两发送例银。王夫人闻知，便命赏了十两烧埋银子。又命：“即刻送到外头焚化了罢。女儿痨死的，断不可留!”他哥嫂听了这话，一面得银，一面就雇了人来入殓，抬往城外化人场上去了。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第七十八回)

However，as soon as Qingwen died，her cousin and his wife had reported this in the hope of getting some money at once for funeral．Lady Wang on hearing this news gave them ten taels of silver and ordered them to have the body taken out of town immediately to be cremated，for as Qingwen had died of consumption it must not be kept in the vicinity．The cousin and his wife took the money，then lost no time in having her body coffined and taken to the crematorium outside the city．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 举目看看，谁不是儿女?难道将来只有宝兄弟顶了你老人家上五台山不成?那些梯己只留于他。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第二十二回)

Look，aren't all of us your children?Is Baoyu the only one who'll carry you as an immortal on his head to Mount Wutai，that you keep everything for him?(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

【注】“顶”：即顶丧的意思。旧时出殡事，主丧的孝子在灵前头顶铭旗，持幡在灵前领路，叫做“顶丧驾灵”，也称作“顶灵”。杨宪益夫妇的译文译出了原文的内涵。

◆ 当下，代儒料理丧事，各处去报丧。三日起经，七日发丧，寄灵于铁槛寺，日后带回原籍。当下贾家众人齐来吊问，荣国府贾赦赠银二十两，贾政亦是二十两，宁国府贾珍亦是二十两，别者族中贫富不等，或三两五两，不可胜数。另有各同窗分资，也凑了二三十两。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十二回)

Jia Dairu lost no time in preparing for the funeral，notifying all concerned that sutras would be chanted in three days'time and the funeral would take place in seven．The coffin would be left in Iron Threshold Temple until it could be taken to their old home．

All the members of the clan came to offer condolences．Jia She and Jia Zheng of the Rong Mansion contributed twenty taels each towards the expenses，and Jia Zhen of the Ning Mansion did the same．Others gave three or five taels according to their means，while the families of Jia Rui's schoolmates collected another twenty or thirty taels．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 凤姐缓缓走入会芳园中登仙阁灵前，一见了棺材，那眼泪恰似断线之珠，滚将下来。院中许多小厮垂手伺候烧纸。凤姐吩咐得一声：“供茶烧纸。”只听一棒锣鸣，诸乐齐奏，早有人端过一张大圈椅来，放在灵前，凤姐坐了，放声大哭。于是里外男女上下，见凤姐出声，都忙忙接声嚎哭。一时贾珍尤氏遣人来劝，凤姐方止住。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十四回)

Xifeng walked slowly through the Garden of Concentrated Fragrance to the Pavilion of Attained Immortality where at the sight of the coffin her tears fell like pearls from a broken string．Pages were waiting respectfully in the court for the burning of the sacrificial paper and now she ordered this to be done and an offering of tea presented．After one beat on the going the music started．A large arm-chair had been set in front of the shrine and seating herself she gaveway to loud lamentations．At once all the others，both men and women，high and low，joined in，until Jia Zhen and Madam You sent to persuade her to restrain her grief．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

【注】“供茶烧纸”：旧时丧礼，吊客捧纸跪于拜垫上，待纸烧到一半多时，扔在供桌前的火盆中，谓之“烧纸”。同时照料之人把供桌上一小杯酒或茶送到吊客手中，吊客往火中轻轻洒上两点，冒出一缕轻烟，表示亡人已知此事，谓之“供酒”或“供茶”。然后磕头揖拜，如系女客近亲，还要痛哭一场，叫作“举哀”。(张俊等，1987：234)

◆ 堂客算来亦有十来顶大轿，三四十小轿，连家下大小轿车辆，不下百余十乘。连前面各色执事、陈设、百耍，浩浩荡荡，一带摆三四里远。

走不多时，路旁彩棚高搭，设席张筵，和音奏乐，俱是各家路祭：第一座是东平王府祭棚，第二座是南安郡王祭棚，第三座是西宁郡王，第四座是北静郡王的。……(北静王)自己五更入朝，公事一毕，便换了素服，坐大轿鸣锣张伞而来，至棚前落轿。手下各官两旁拥立，军民人众不得往还。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十四回)

There were also over a dozen palanquins and thirty to forty sedan-chairs for lady guests．These together with the carriages and sedan-chairs of the Jia Family numbered well over a hundred．With the elaborate equipage in front and the performances given on the way，the procession extended a good three or four li．

Before long they reached stands with colored silk awnings by the roadside where music was played and sacrificial offerings had been set out by different families．The first four belonged to the houses of the Prince of Dongping，the Prince of Nan'an，the Prince fo Xining，and the Prince of Beijing．

The audience over，he changed into mourning clothes and came here by palanquin，preceded by sounding gongs and ceremonial umbrellas．He halted his palanquin at the stand and his officers ranged themselves on either side，forbidding soldiers and civilians to pass．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

【注】“彩棚”：指的是丧事礼仪中所搭的彩饰棚屋。清杨静亭《道光都门纪略》：“京师搭盖丧棚，工细绝伦，点缀有花木鸟兽之形;起脊大棚，有瓦栊、柁头、稳兽、蠇头之别，以及照墙、辕门、钟鼓楼，高插云霄。”

“路祭”：旧时富贵人家出殡时，亲友在灵柩经过的路上设筵致祭，叫“路祭”。也叫“公祭”。《清稗类钞》“丧祭类”：“(路祭)时必择一声望较著者主祭，行一跪三叩礼，奠酒，读祭文，余皆跽于下。富贵人家，路祭有多至数十起者。”(张俊等，1987：237)

◆ 里面的堂客皆是凤姐张罗接待，先从显官诰命散起，也到晌午大错时方散尽了。只有几个亲戚是至近的，等做过三日安灵道场方去。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十五回)

The ladies were entertained in the inner apartments by Xifeng．They，too，left in order of precedence，and by about two o'clock all had gone except a few close relatives who would remain for the three day's requiems for the dead．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 一日，有小管家俞禄来回贾珍道：“前者所用棚杆孝布并请杆人青衣，共使银一千两，除给银五百两外，仍欠五百两。……各处支领甚多，所剩还要预备百日道场及庙中用度，此时竟不能发给。”(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第六十四回)

One day the young steward Yu Lu came to report to Jia Zhen，“The funeral sheds，mourning clothes and blue uniforms for attendants and carriers cost a thousand taels in all，of which we've paid five hundred;so we're still five hundred short，．．．But since His Lordship's demise there have been all sorts of expenses，and the money on hand is being kept for the hundred days'masses and for use in the temple;so for the moment they can't issue me any．”(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 这里贾政悄悄的叫贾琏到身旁，向耳边说了几句话。贾琏轻轻的答应出去了，便传齐了现在家的一干家人说：“老太太的事待好出来了，你们快快分头派人办去。头一件请出板来瞧瞧，好挂里子。快到各处将各人的衣服量了尺寸，都开明了，便叫裁缝去做寿衣。那棚杆执事都去讲定。厨房不够还该多派几个人。”(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第百零九回)

Jia Zheng quietly drew Jia Lian aside and whispered some instructions to which he assented softly．He then went out to summon all the stewards at home．

“The old lady's sinking fast，”he said．“You're to send at once to make the necessary preparations．First，get out the coffin and have it lined．Then get the measurements of the whole household and order tailors to makemourning for them．The funeral retinue must be arranged too，and more hands will be needed to help in the kitchen．”(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

【注】“挂里子”：在棺材内壁上涂刷松香、桐油、黄蜡等，叫“挂里子”。(张俊等，1987：1678)

◆ 贾赦不在家，贾政为长，宝玉、贾环、贾兰是亲孙，年纪又小，都应守灵。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第百一十回)

In the absence of Jia She，Jia Zheng was the head of the house．Baoyu，Jia Huan and Jia Lan，as young descendants，had to keep watch by the coffin．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 我虽是奴才丫头，敢说什么，只是老太太疼二奶奶和我一场，临死了还不叫风光风光!我想二奶奶是能办大事的，故此我请二奶奶来求作个主。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第百一十回)

I'm only a slave，though，so what can I say?But the old lady was so good to us both，won't you do the thing handsomely?I know you're an able organizer，madam;that's why I asked you here to decide．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 凤姐紫涨了脸，正要回说，只听外头鼓乐一奏，是烧黄昏纸的时候了，大家举起哀来，又不得说。凤姐原想回来再说，王夫人催他出去料理。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第百一十回)

Xifeng flushed crimson and was about to answer when music struck up outside—it was time for the dusk burning of sacrificial paper．As everyone had to mourn now she could say nothing;and later，when she came back to explain the real situation to them，Lady Wang urged her to go and see to things．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 到二更多天远客去后，便预备辞灵。孝幕内的女眷大家都哭了一阵。只见鸳鸯已哭的昏晕过去了，大家扶住捶闹了一阵才醒过来。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第百一十一回)

After the second watch，when the guests living at a distance had left，they prepared to farewell the dead and the women behind the mourning curtain began to wail．Yuanyang wept so bitterly that she fainted away．They raised her up and massaged her till she came round．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

【注】“辞灵”：就是丧礼出殡之前，死者亲友向灵柩告别，叫“辞灵”。(张俊等，1987：1702)

◆ 刚走到二门上，见林之孝带了人抬进棺材来了，他只得也跟进去帮着盛殓，假意哭嚎了几声。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第百十一回)

She had just reached the inner gate when Lin Zhixiao led in men carrying the coffin，obliging her to return to help lay out the corpse and make a pretence of wailing．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 下葬那天，村人都站着看，孝子婆娘穿了拖地的麻衣，头上缠了孝巾，一直遮过面颊，哭得长一声短一声的怬惶。就在这婆娘揭了孝巾稍向旁边一瞥，瞥见了远处目瞪口呆的金狗，哭声一住，立即又撕肠裂肚地嚎啕，低声却催抬棺人急步去了墓地。(贾平凹《浮躁》)

On the day of the funeral，the villagers looked on as the grieving womenfolk walked by，wailing bitterly，in full-length mourning clothes，their heads and faces covered by hempen hoods．When they moved to the side of the road and parted their hoods lightly，they saw Golden Dog standing off in the distance，his eyes staring blankly，his jaw hanging slack．After a momentary pause in the wailing，they really let loose，and under their breath they whispered to the pallbearers to hurry the coffin to the graveyard．(Goldblatt译)