曹雪芹红楼梦第十七回杨宪益戴乃迭译

一、释义翻译法

1．景物描写的翻译

◆ 是日早饭时候，万中书到了秦中书家，只见门口一箭阔的青墙，中间缩着三号，却是起花的大门楼。轿子冲着大门立定，只见大门里粉屏上，贴着红纸朱标的“内阁中书”的封条，两旁站着两行雁翅的管家，管家脊背后，便是执事上的帽架子。(吴敬梓《儒林外史》第四十九回)

By the time for the morning meal Wan reached Chin's house．In front ofthe gate was a dark wall，the length of a bowshot，with an alcove in the center．There was a large archway too，with ornamentation in relief．As his chair stopped at the gate，he saw pasted on the whitewashed screen a red paper inscribed in vermilion：“The Secretary of the Imperial Patent Office．”On either side stood a smart row of stewards，and behind them were hat-stands bearing official announcement．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 自上了轿，进入城中，从纱窗向外瞧了一瞧，其街市之繁华，人烟之阜盛，自与别处不同。又行了半日，忽见街北蹲着两个大石狮子，三间兽头大门，门前列坐着十来个华冠丽服之人。正门却不开，只有东西两角门有人出入。正门之上有一匾，匾上大书：“敕造宁国府”五个大字。黛玉想道：这必是外祖之长房了。想着，又往西行，不多远，照样也是三间大门，方是荣国府了。却不进正门，只进了西边角门。那轿夫抬进去，走了一射之地，将转弯时，便歇下退出去了。后面的婆子们已都下了轿，赶上前来。另换了四个衣帽周全十七八岁的小厮上来，复抬起轿子。众婆子步下尾随至一垂花门前落下。众小厮退出，众婆子上来打起轿帘，扶黛玉下轿。林黛玉扶着婆子的手，进了垂花门，两边是抄手游廊，当中是穿堂，当地放着一个紫檀架子大理石的大插屏。转过插屏，小小的三间厅，厅后就是后面的正房大院。正面五间上房，皆雕梁画栋，两边穿山游廊厢房，挂着各色鹦鹉、画眉等鸟雀。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第三回)

As she was carried into the city she peeped out through the gauze window of the chair at the bustle in the streets and the crowds of people，the like of which she had never seen before．

After what seemed a long time they came to a street with two huge stone lions crouching on the north side，flanking a great triple gate with beasthead knockers，in front of which ten or more men in smart livery were sitting．The central gate was shut，but people were passing in and out of the smaller side gates．On a board above the main gate was written in large characters： Ningguo Mansion Built at Imperial Command．

Daiyu realized that this must be where the elder branch of her grandmother's family lived．

A little further to the west they came to another imposing triple gate．This was the Rong Mansion．Instead of going through the main gate，they entered bythe smaller one on the west．The bearers carried the chair a bow-shot further，then set it down at a turning and withdrew．The maid-servants behind Daiyu had now alighted and were proceeding on foot．Three or four smartly dressed lads of seventeen or eighteen picked up the chair and，followed by the maids，carried it to a gate decorated with overhanging flowery patterns carved in wood．There the bearers withdrew，the maids raised the curtain of the chair，helped Daiyu out and supported her through the gate．

Inside，verandahs on both sides led to a three-roomed entrance hall in the middle of which stood a screen of marble in a red sandalwood frame．The hall gave access to the large court of the main building．In front were five rooms with carved beams and painted pillars，and on either side were rooms with covered passageways．Cages of brilliantly colored parrots，thrushes and other birds hung under the eaves of the verandahs．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

【注】“垂花门”：就是府第内院之院门。门作悬山顶，前后出檐，左右下垂木雕莲花瓣等花饰，故名。女眷乘车出入，皆在垂花门外上下车。

“抄手游廊”：自二门起，向两边环抱的走廊叫“抄手游廊”。

“厅堂”：供人穿行的厅堂。坐落于前后两院落之间，正中有绿油屏门四扇，无事不开。

“厅房”：即“听事”。本指官府治事之所，后也指私宅厅堂。清震钧《天咫偶闻》卷十：“内城则院落宽阔，屋宇高宏，门或三间，或一间，巍峨华焕。二门以内，必有听事。听事后又有三门，始至上房。听事上房之巨者，至如殿宇。”

“厢房”：“厢房”：指四合院内东西两边的房屋，其尺度较正房略小。(张俊等，1987：60-61)

◆ 说毕，往前一望，见白石崚嶒，或如猛兽，纵横拱立，上面苔藓成斑，藤萝掩映，其中微露羊肠小径。贾政道：“我们就从此小径游去，回来由那一边出去，方可遍览。”(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十七回)

On the miniature mountain they saw rugged white rocks resembling monsters and beasts，some recumbent，some rampant，dappled with moss or hung about with creepers，a narrow zigzag path just discernible between them．

“We'll follow this path，”decided Jia Zheng．“Coming back we can findour way out at the other side．That should take us over whole grounds．”(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 街东是宁国府，街西是荣国府，二宅相连，竟将大半条街占了。大门前虽冷落无人，隔着围墙一望，里面厅殿楼阁，也还都峥嵘轩峻;就是后一带花园子里面树木山石，也还都有蓊蔚洇润之气，那里像个衰败之家?(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第二回)

Practically the whole north side of the street is taken up by their houses，the Ning Mansion on the east and the Rong Mansion adjoining it on the west．True，there wasn't much coming and going outside their gates，but over the hall I caught glimpses of most imposing halls and pavilions，while the trees and rockeries of the gardens behind had a flourishing，opulent look．There was nothing to suggest a house in decline．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 贾政因见两边俱是抄手游廊，便顺着游廊步入。只见上面五间清厦连着卷棚，四面出廊，绿窗油壁，更比前几处不同。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十七回)

Covered corridors ran along both sides of this court and Jia Zheng led his party down one of these to a cool fivesection gallery with roofed verandahs on four sides，green windows and painted walls，more elegant than any they had yet seen．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

【注】“五间清厦连着卷棚”：指一种五间的两卷钩连搭屋面的建筑形式。“清厦”：房屋。“卷棚”：建筑名词，指一种坡顶屋面的做法，即屋面两种坡相接处不用正脊压盖，而呈马鞍形的弧线转折。清允礼《工程做法》连着卷棚：有人以为即钩连搭卷棚的意思。钩连搭，建筑名词，指两个或两个以上的卷棚屋面呈波浪形连接在一起的做法。有一个卷棚屋面，即称几卷钩连搭。这种做法，多见于清代皇家苑囿建筑中。(张俊等，1987：287-288)

◆ 一面走，一面说，倏而青山斜阻。转过山怀中，隐隐露出一带黄泥筑就矮墙，墙头皆用稻茎掩护。有几百株杏花，如喷火蒸霞一般。里面，数楹茅屋。外面却是桑、榆、槿、柘，各色树稚新条，随其曲折，编就两溜青篱。篱外山坡之下，有一土井，旁有桔槔辘轳之属。下面分畦列亩，佳蔬菜花，漫然无际。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十七回)

As they walked on talking，their eyes fell on some green hills barringtheir way．Skirting these they caught sight of brown adobe walls with paddystalk copings and hundreds of apricot-trees，their blossoms bright as spurting flames or sunlit clouds．Inside this enclosure stood several thatched cottages．Outside grew saplings of mulberry，elm，hibiscus and silkwormthorn trees，whose branches had been intertwined to form a double green hedge．Beyond this hedge，at the foot of the slope，was a rustic well complete with windlass and well-sweep．Below，neat plots of fine vegetables and rape-flowers stretched as far as eye could see．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 一面引人出来，转过山坡，穿花度柳，抚石过依泉，过了荼醿架，再入木香棚，越牡丹亭，度芍药圃，入蔷薇院，出芭蕉坞，盘旋曲折。忽闻水声潺湲，泻出石洞，上则萝薜倒垂，下则落花浮荡。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十七回)

The path now curved around a slope，past flowers and willows，rocks and springs，a trellis of yellow roses，an arbour of white ones，a tree-peony pavilion，a white peony plot，a court of rambler roses and a band of plantains．Suddenly they heard the plash of a spring gushing from a cave overhung by vines，and saw fallen blossoms floating on the water below．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 贾珍道：“从山上盘道亦可以进去。”说毕，在前导引，大家攀藤抚树过去。只见水上落花愈多，其水愈清，溶溶荡荡，曲折萦迂。池边两行垂柳，杂着桃杏，遮天蔽日，真无一些尘土。忽见柳阴中又露出一个折带朱栏板桥来，度过桥去，诸路可通，便见一所清凉瓦舍，一色水磨砖墙，清瓦花堵。那大主山所分之脉，皆穿墙而过。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十七回)

“We can make a detour by the path over the hills，”said Jia Zhen，and proceeded to lead the way．The others followed，clinging to creepers and trees as they clambered up．There were more fallen blossoms now on the stream，which appeared more translucent than ever as it swirled down its circuitous course．It was flanked by weeping willows and peach and apricot trees which screened the sun，and there was not a mote of dust in the air．

Presently，in the shade of the willows，they glimpsed an arched wooden bridge with scarlet railings．Once over this a choice of paths lay beforethem;but their attention was caught by an airy house of smooth brick with spotless tiles and an ornamental wall on one of the lesser slopes of the main hill．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 因而步入门时，忽迎面突出插天的大玲珑山石来，四面群绕各式石块，竟把里面所有房屋悉皆遮住，而且一株花木也无。只见许多异草：或有牵藤的，或有引蔓的，或垂山巅，或穿石隙，甚至垂檐绕柱，萦砌盘阶，或如翠带飘飘，或如金绳盘屈，或实若丹砂，或花如金桂，味芬气馥，非花香之可比。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十七回)

In place of trees and flowers there was a profusion of rare creepers，vines and trailers，which festooned the artificial mountains，grew through the rocks，hung from the eaves，twined round the pillars and carpeted the steps．Some seemed like floating green belts or golden bands;others had berries red as cinnabar and flowers like golden osmanthus which gave off a penetrating scent，unlike the scent of ordinary flowers．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 说着，大家出来。行不多远，则见崇阁巍峨，层楼高起，面面琳宫合抱，迢迢复道萦轩，青松拂檐，玉栏绕砌，金辉兽面，彩焕螭头。贾政道：“这是正殿了，只是太富丽了些。”一面说，一面走，只见正面现出一座玉石牌坊来，上面龙蟠螭护，玲珑凿就。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十七回)

From there they went on some way until ahead of them loomed towering pavilions enclosed by magnificent buildings，all of them connected by winding passageways．Green pines brushed the eaves，white balustrades skirted the steps，the animal designs glittered like gold and the dragon-heads blazed with color．

“This must be the main reception palace，”observed Jia Zheng．“Its one fault is that it is too luxurious．”

They were now at the foot of a marble arch finely carved with rampant dragons and coiling serpents．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

【注】“琳宫”：本指神仙所住的地方。这里指富丽的宫室。“复道”：亦称“阁道”，楼阁之间架空接连的通道。“兽面”：指兽环。古时大宅门上的铜环，多铸兽头衔之，称为兽环。“螭头”：亦作“螭首”。指古代建筑物上一种螭头形的屋顶装饰。“螭”：古代传说中一种动物。《说文·虫部》“螭，若龙而黄。”“龙蟠螭护”：指在玉石牌坊上的浮雕装饰，龙螭作盘曲宛延的样子。(张俊等，1987：289)

◆ 说着，引人出来，再一观望，原来自进门起，所行至此，才游了十之五六。又值人来回，有雨村处遣人回话。贾政笑道：“此数处不能游了。虽如此，到底从那一边出去，纵不能细观，也可稍览。”说着，引客行来，至一大桥前，见水如晶帘一般奔入。原来这桥便是通外河之闸，引泉而入者。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十七回)

They continued with the tour of inspection and had covered little more than half the grounds when a servant reported that someone had arrived with a message from Yu Cun．

“We can't see the rest of the places，”said Jia Zheng．“But by going out the other way we can at least get general idea，even if we don't see them all．”

He led the way to a large bridge above crystal curtain of cascading water．This was the sluice admitting water from outside．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 于是一路行来，或清堂茅舍，或堆石为垣，或编花为牖，或山下得幽尼佛寺，或林中藏女道丹房，或长廊曲洞，或方厦圆亭，贾政皆不进入。因说半日腿酸，未尝歇息，忽又见前面又露出一所院落来。贾政笑道：“到此可要进去歇息歇息了。”说着，一径引人绕着碧桃花，穿过一层竹篱花障编就的月洞门，俄见粉墙环护，绿柳周垂。贾政与众人进去，一入门，两边都是游廊相接。院中点衬几块山石，一边种着数本芭蕉;那一边乃是一颗西府海棠，其势若伞，丝垂翠缕，葩吐丹砂。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十七回)

On they went past quiet lodges and thatched huts，stone walls and pergolas of flowers，a temple secluded in the hills and a convent half hidden among the trees，long covered walks，meandering grottoes，square mansions and round kiosks，none of which they had time to enter．However，it was so long since their last rest that all were footsore and weary by the time they saw another lodge in front，and Jia Zheng said，“Here we must rest a little．”

He led the way in past some double-flowering peach in blossom andthrough a moon-gate made of bamboo over which climbed flowering plants．Whitewashed walls and green willows confronted them then．Along the walls ran covered corridors，and the rockery in the center of the courtyard was flanked on one side by plantains，on the other by a red multi-petalled crabapple tree，its branches trained in the shape of an umbrella，with green trailing tendrils and petals red as cinnabar．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 原来贾政等走了进来，未进两层，便都迷了旧路，左瞧也有门可通，右瞧又有窗暂隔，及到了跟前，又被一架书挡住。回头再走，又有窗纱明透，门径可行;及至门前，忽见迎面也进来了一群人，都与自己形相一样，——却是一架玻璃大镜相照。及转过镜去，益发见门子多了。贾珍笑道：“老爷随我来。从这门出去，便是后院，从后院出去，倒比先近了。”说着，又转了两层纱厨锦槅，果得一门出去，院中满架蔷薇、宝相。转过花障，则见青溪前阻。众人诧异：“这股水又是从何而来?”贾珍遥指道：“原从那闸起流至那洞口，从东北山坳里引到那村庄里，又开一道岔口，引到西南上，共总流到这里，仍旧合在一处，从那墙下出去。”众人听了，都道：“神妙之极!”说着，忽见大山阻路。众人都道：“迷了路了。”贾珍笑道“随我来。”仍在前导引，众人随他，直由山脚边忽一转，便是平坦宽阔大路。豁然大门前见。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十七回)

After passing two partitions Jia Zheng and his party lost their way．To their left they saw a door，to their right a window;but when they went forward their passage was blocked by a bookshelf．Turning back they glimpsed the way through another window;but on reaching the door they suddenly saw a party just like their own confronting them—they were looking at a big mirror．Passing round this they came to more doorways．

“Follow me，sir，”urged Jia Zhen with a smile．“Let me take you to the back courtyard and show you a short cut．”

He conducted them past two gauze screens out into a courtyard filled with rose trellises．Skirting round the fence，Baoyu saw a clear stream in front．

All exclaimed in astonishment，“Where does this water come from?”

Jia Zhen pointed to a spot in the distance．

“It flows from that lock we saw through the ravine，then from the northeast valley to the little farm，where some is diverted southwest．Here both streams converge to flow out underneath the wall．”

“Miraculous!”they marveled．

Now another hill barred their way and they no longer had any sense of direction;but Jia Zhen laughingly made them follow him，and as soon as they rounded the foot of the hill they found themselves on a smooth highway not far from the main entrance．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 这里贾芸随着坠儿，逶迤来至怡红院中。坠儿先进去回明了，然后方领贾芸进去。贾芸看时，只见院内略略有几点山石，种着芭蕉，那边有两只仙鹤在松树下剔翎。一溜回廊上吊着各色笼子，各色仙禽异鸟。上面小小五间抱厦，一色雕镂新鲜花样隔扇，上面悬着一个匾额，四个大字，题道是“怡红快绿”。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第二十六回)

Jia Yun followed Zhuier by winding paths to Happy Red Court．She went in first to announce him，then ushered him in．The young man had time to scrutinize the courtyard．There were a few scattered artificial rocks with plantains growing between，and two storks were preening their feathers under a pine．In the gallery surrounding the courtyard hung cages of every description containing all manner of rare exotic birds．The five-frame apartment before him had lattice-work carved with ingenious designs，while above its door hung a tablet inscribed with the words：Happy Red and Delightful Green．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 原来这藕榭盖在池中，四面有窗，左右有曲廊可通，亦是跨水接岸，后面又有曲折竹桥暗接。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第三十八回)

This pavilion，built in the middle of the lake，had windows on all four sides，twisting corridors on left and right leading to both shores and，behind，a winding bamboo bridge connecting it with the bank．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 原来这芦雪庵在傍山临水河滩之上，一带几间，茅檐土壁，槿篱竹牖，推窗便可垂钓，四面都是芦苇掩覆，一条去径逶迤穿芦度苇过去，便是藕香榭的竹桥了。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第四十九回)

This cottage was built on the bank of a stream by a hill．Its adoberooms with their thatched roofs and bamboo windows were surrounded by a wattle-fence，and it was possible to fish through the windows．All around grew clumps of reeds，through which a path meandered to the bamboo bridge of Lotus Fragrance Anchorage．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 宝钗也无心扑了，刚欲回来，只听滴翠亭里边嘁嘁喳喳有人说话。原来这亭子四面是游廊，盖在池中水上，向东是门，三面皆是雕镂槅子糊着纸。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第二十七回)

She decided to give up the pursuit and go back．But just then she heard muffled voices from the pavilion．Now this pavilion，which stood out in the middle of the pool，was surrounded on four sides by covered corridors with balustrades and connected with the banks by zigzag bridges．It had papered latticed windows on all four sides．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 王夫人等日日忙乱，直到十月将尽，幸皆全备：各处监管都交清帐目;各处古董文玩，皆已陈设齐备;采办鸟雀的，自仙鹤、孔雀以及鹿、兔、鸡、鹅等类，悉已买全，交于园中各处像景饲养。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十八回)

For Lady Wang and her helpers the days passed in a flurry of preparations until，towards the end of the tenth month，all was ready．The stewards had handed in their accounts;antiques and precious objects had been set out;the pleasure grounds were well-stocked with cranes，peacocks，deer，rabbits，chicken and geese to be reared in appropriate places．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 至十五日五鼓，自贾母等有爵者，皆按品服大妆。园内各处，帐舞蟠龙，帘飞彩凤，金银焕彩，珠宝争辉，鼎焚百合之香，瓶插长春之蕊，静悄无人咳嗽。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十八回)

Before dawn the next day all those with official ranks from the Lady Dowager downwards put on full ceremonial dress．Everywhere in the Garden were hangings and screens brilliantly embroidered with dancing dragons and flying phoenixes;gold and silver glittered，pearls and precious stones shimmered; richly blended incense burnt in the bronze tripods，and fresh flowers filled the vases．Not a cough broke the solemn silence．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 只见清流一带，势如游龙，两边石栏上，皆系水晶玻璃各色风灯，点的如银花雪浪，上面柳杏诸树虽无花叶，然皆用通草绸绫依势作成，粘于枝上的，每一株悬灯数盏;更兼池中荷花凫鹭之属，亦皆系螺蚌羽毛之类作就的。诸灯上下争辉，真系玻璃世界，珠宝乾坤。船上亦系各种精致盆景诸灯，珠帘彩幕，桂楫兰桡，自不必说。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十八回)

As she(Yuanchun)alighted she saw before her a clear waterway winding like a dragon．From the marble balustrades on either bank lanterns of crystal and glass of every description shed a silvery light，clear as snow．The wintry boughs of the willows and apricot trees above them were festooned with artificial flowers and leaves made of rice-paper and silk，and from every tree hung lanterns．Lovely too on the water were the lotus flowers，duckweed and waterfowl made out of shells and feathers．Lanterns high and low seemed trying to outshine each other．It was truly a world of crystal and precious stones!The boats were magnificent too，with lanterns，rare miniature gardens，pearl portieres，embroidered curtains，rudders of cassia and oars of aromatic wood，which we need not describe in detail．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 一时，舟临内岸，复弃舟上舆，便见琳宫绰约，桂殿巍峨。石牌坊上明显“天仙宝镜”四字，贾妃忙命换“省亲别墅”四字。于是进入行宫。但见庭燎烧空，香屑布地，火树琪花，金窗玉槛。说不尽帘卷虾须，毯铺鱼獭，鼎飘麝脑之香，屏列雉尾之扇。真是：金门玉户神仙府，桂殿兰宫妃子家。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十八回)

Meanwhile the boat had reached the further shore and again Yuanchun mounted her palanquin．Before her now there towered the beautiful hall of an imposing palace．The marble archway in front of it bore the inscription：“Precious Realm for the Immortal．”At once she ordered this to be changed to“House of Reunion．”

As she entered this temporary palace，she saw torches in the courtyard flaring to the sky，powdered incense strewing the ground，flaming trees，jasper flowers，gilded windows and jade balustrades，to say nothing of screens as fine as the shrimp's antennae，carpets of otter-skin，musk burning in tripods，and fans made from pheasant plumage．Truly this was：

An abode with golden gates and jade doors fit for immortals，

Its cassia and orchid chambers a worthy for the Imperial Consort．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

【注】“庭燎”：庭院照明的火炬。用松、苇、竹诸物合并起来，灌以脂膏，点燃照明庭中。“虾须帘”：用细竹皮丝编制而成。“鱼獭毯”：一种用水獭皮做的土黄色的毯子。

◆ 贾母少歇一回，自然领着刘姥姥都见识见识。先到了潇湘馆。一进门，只见两边翠竹夹路，土地下苍苔布满，中间羊肠一条石子漫的路。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第四十回)

After a short rest the Lady Dowager started showing Granny Liu round，going first to Bamboo Lodge．Inside its gate，a narrow pebbled path flanked with bamboos met their gaze．The ground on either side of it was carpeted with dark moss．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 四顾一望，皆是树木山石楼台房舍，却不知那一处是往那里去的了，只得认着一条石子镶的路慢慢的走来。及至到了房舍跟前，又找不着门，再找了半日，忽见一带竹篱，刘姥姥心中自忖道：“这里也有扁豆架子。”一面想，一面顺着花障走了来，得了一个月洞门进去。只见迎面忽有一带水池，只有七八尺宽，石头砌岸，里面碧浏清水流往那边去了，上面有一块白石横架在上面。刘姥姥便度石过去，顺着石子甬路走去，转了两个弯子，只见有一扇门。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第四十一回)

She looked round．Trees，rocks，towers and pavilions stretched on every side，but having no idea how to reach these different places she could only hobble slowly down a cobbled path until she came to a building．After searching for a long time for the gate，she saw a bamboo fence．So they have beantrellises here too，she thought．Skirting the hedge，she reached a moon-gate and stepped through it．Before her was a pool five or six feet across，its banks pave with flagstone，a clear green brook flowing through it，and lying across it a long slab of white stone．She crossed over this stone to a cobbled path which，after a couple of bends，brought her to a door．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

【注】“甬路”：亦作“甬道”，指庭院中居中的路面，多用砖石铺砌而成。(张俊等，1987：64)

◆ 正想着，不多时到了一个所在。只见殿宇精致，彩色辉煌，庭中一丛翠竹，户外数本苍松。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第百十六回)

By now he reached a fine palace blazing with color，with a clump of bamboos in the courtyard，outside the door several pines．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 请韦四太爷从厅后一个小巷内曲曲折折走进去，才到一个花园。那花园一进朝东的三间。左边一个楼便是殿元公的赐书楼。楼前一个大院落，一座牡丹台，一座芍药台，两树极大的桂花正开的好。后面又是三间敞榭，横头朝南三间书房后，一个大荷花池，池上搭了一条桥。过去又是三间密屋，乃杜少卿自己读书之处。(吴敬梓《儒林外史》第三十一回)

Presently he led Mr．Wei by a passage from the back along a winding path to the garden．As you went in you saw three rooms with an eastern exposure．A two-storeyed building on the left was the library built by the Number One Scholar，overlooking a large courtyard with one bed of moutan peonies and another of tree peonies．There were two huge cassia trees as well，in full bloom．On the other side were three summer houses，with a three-roomed library behind them overlooking a great lotus pool．A bridge across this pool led you to three secluded chambers where Tu Shao-wing used to retire to study．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 便跟着丫头，走到厅背后一个小圭门里进去，三间楠木厅，一个大院落，堆满了太湖石的山子。沿着那山石走到左边一条小巷，串入一个花园内，竹树交加，亭台轩敞，一个极宽的金鱼池，池子旁边都是朱红栏杆，夹着一带走廊。走到廊尽头处，一个小小月洞，四扇金漆门。走将进去便是三间屋，一间做房，铺设的齐齐整整。独自一个院落。(吴敬梓《儒林外史》第四十回)

She followed the girl out of the hall through a scepter-shaped door to the left，past three rooms of nanmu wood，and a large courtyard filled with boulders from Taihu Lake．Taking a path to the left past these artificial mountains，they came to a garden．Here were chumps of bamboos，summerhouses，and a huge pond for goldfish surrounded by a covered walk with vermilion balustrades．At the far end of this were a small moon gate and a gilt-lacquered double door．Through this door，in a courtyard to itself，was a three-roomed building with a tastefully furnished living room．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

2．室内陈设描写的翻译

◆ 贾芸听得是宝玉的声音，连忙进入房内。抬头一看，只见金碧辉煌，文章灼，却看不见宝玉在那里。一回头，只见左边立着一架大穿衣镜，从镜后转出两个一般大的十五六岁的丫头来说：“请二爷里头屋里坐。”贾芸连正眼也不敢看，连忙答应了。又进一道碧纱厨，只见小小一张填漆床上，悬着大红销金撒花帐子。宝玉穿着家常衣服，靸着鞋，倚在床上拿着本书。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第二十六回)

Recognizing Baoyu's voice Jia Yun hurried in．He was dazzled by the glittering gold and emerald and the elegance of all the furnishings，but could see no sign of Baoyu．Turning to the left he noticed a large mirror from behind which emerged two girls in their mid-teens，of about the same build and height，who invited him into the inner room．Assenting without venturing to look at them，he stepped into a chamber screened with green gauze．On a small inlaid lacquer bed there with red curtains embroidered in gold lay Baoyu，informally dressed，in his slippers．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ (刘姥姥)方一转身只见有一小门，门上挂着葱绿撒花软帘。刘姥姥掀帘进去，抬头一看，只见四面墙壁玲珑剔透，琴剑瓶炉皆贴在墙上，锦笼纱罩，金彩珠光，连地下踩的砖，皆是碧绿凿花，竟越发把眼花了，找门出去，那里有门?左一书架，右一架屏。刚从屏后得了一门转去，只见他亲家母也从外面迎了进来。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第四十一回)

With a nod and couple of sighs of admiration she moved on to a small door over which hung a soft flowered portiere．She lifted this，stepped through and looked around．

The four walls here were paneled with cunningly carved shelves on which were displayed pyres，swords，vases and incense-burners．They were hung moreover with embroidered curtains and gauze glittering with gold and pearls．Even the green glazed floor-tiles had floral designs．More dazzled than ever she turned to leave—but where was the door?To her left was a bookcase，to her right a screen．She had just discovered a door behind the screen and stepped forward to open it when，to her amazement，her son-in-law's mothercame in．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 黛玉便知这方是正经内室，一条大甬路，直接出大门的。进入堂屋中，抬头迎面看见一个赤金九龙青地大匾，匾上写着斗大的三个大字，是“荣禧堂”。后有一行小字：“某年月日，书赐荣国公贾源”，又有“万几宸翰之宝”。大紫檀雕螭案上，设着三尺来高青绿古铜鼎，悬着待漏随朝墨龙大画，一边金蜼彝，一边是玻璃。地上两溜十六张楠木交椅，又有一副对联，乃乌木联牌，镶着錾银的字迹，道是：“座上珠玑昭日月，堂前黼黻焕烟霞。”(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第三回)

Daiyu realized that this was the main inner suite，for a broad raised avenue led straight to its gate．Once inside the hall she looked up and her eye was caught by a great blue tablet with nine gold dragons on it，on which was written in characters large as peck measures：

Hall of Glorious Felicity．

Smaller characters at the end recorded the date on which the Emperor had conferred this tablet upon Jia Yuan，the Duke of Rongguo，and it bore the Imperial seal．

On the large red sandalwood table carved with dragons an old bronze tripod，green with patina，stood about three feet high．On the wall hung a large scroll-picture of black dragons riding the waves．This was flanked by a bronze wine vessel inlaid with gold and a crystal bowl．By the walls were a row of sixteen cedar-wood armchairs;and above these hung two panels of ebony with the following couplet inset in silver：

Pearls on the dais outshine the sun and moon;

Insignia of honour in the hall blaze like iridescent clouds．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 原来王夫人时常居坐宴息，亦不在这正室，只在这正室东边的三间耳房内。于是老嬷嬷引黛玉进东房门来。临窗大炕上铺着猩红洋罽，正面设着大红金钱蟒靠背，石青金钱蟒引枕，秋香色金钱蟒大条褥。两边设一对梅花式洋漆小几。左边几上文王鼎匙箸香盒。右边几上汝窑美人觚，觚内插着时鲜花卉，并茗碗痰盒等物。地下面西一溜四张椅上，都搭着银红撒花椅搭，底下四副脚踏。椅之两边，也有一对高几，几上茗碗瓶花俱备。其余陈设，自不必细说。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第三回)

Since Lady Wang seldom sat in this main hall but used three rooms on the east side for relaxation，the nurses led Daiyu there．

The large kang by the window was covered with a scarlet foreign rug．In the middle were red back-rests and turquoise bolsters，both with dragondesign medallions，and a long greenish yellow mattress also with dragon medallions．At each side stood a low table of foreign lacquer in the shape of plum-blossom．In the left-hand table were a tripod，spoons，chopsticks and an incense container;on the right one，a slender-waisted porcelain vase from the Ruzhou Kiln containing flowers then in season，as well as tea-bowls and a spittoon．Below the kang facing the west wall were four armchairs，theirs covers of bright red dotted with pink flowers，and with four foot-stools beneath them．On either side were two tables set out with teacups and vases of flowers．The rest of the room need not be described in detail．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

【注】“耳房”：附于正房两旁的小屋，如人之两耳，故名。(张俊等，1987：64)

◆ 老嬷嬷听了，于是又引黛玉出来，到了东廊三间小正房内。正房炕上横设一张炕桌，桌上磊着书籍茶具，靠东壁面西设着半旧的青缎靠背引枕。王夫人却坐在西边下首，亦是半旧的青缎靠背坐褥。见黛玉来了，便往东让。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第三回)

At once the nurses conducted Daiyu along the eastern corridor to a small three-roomed suite facing south．On the kang under the window was a low table laden with books and a tea-service．Against the east wall were a none too new blue satin back-rest and a bolster．

Lady Wang was sitting in the lower place by the west wall on a none too new blue cover with a back-rest and a bolster．She invited her niece to take the seat on the east．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 当下秦氏引了一簇人来至上房内间。宝玉抬头看见一副画贴在上面，画的人物固好，其故事乃是《燃藜图》。也不看系何人所画，心中便有些不快。又有一幅对联，写的是：“世事洞明皆学问，人情练达即文章。”(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第五回)

Keqing led the party to an inner room，where Baoyu noticed a finepainting of“The Scholar Working by Torchlight．”Without even seeing who the artist was，he took a dislike to the picture．Then he read the couplet flanking it：

A grasp of mundane affairs is genuine knowledge，

Understanding of worldly wisdom is true learning．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 刚至房门，便有一股细细的甜香袭人而来。宝玉觉得眼饧骨软，连说“好香!”入房向壁上看时，有唐伯虎画的《海棠春睡图》，两边有宋学士秦太虚写的一副对联，其联云：“嫩寒锁梦因春冷，芳气袭人是酒香。”

案上设着武则天当日镜室中设的宝镜，一边摆着飞燕立着舞过的金盘，盘内盛着安禄山掷过伤了太真乳的木瓜。上面设着寿昌公主于含章殿下卧的榻，悬的是同昌公主制的联珠帐。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第五回)

Now，having reached the young matron's room，they were met at the threshold by a subtle perfume which misted over Baoyu's eyes and melted his bones．

“How good it smells here!”he cried．

Entering，he saw on the wall a picture by Tang Yin of a lady sleeping under the blossom of a crab-apple tree in spring．On the two scrolls flanking it，Qin Guan the Song scholar had written：

Coolness wraps her dream，for spring is chill;

A fragrance assails men，the aroma of wine．

On the dressing-table was a rare mirror from Wu Zetian's Hall of Mirrors．In the gold tray by it，on which Zhao Feiyan once danced，was the quince thrown in fun by An Lushan at Lady Yang，which had wounded her breast．At one end of the room stood the couch on which Princess Shouyang had slept in the Hanzhang Palace，and over it hung the curtains stung from pearls by Princess Tongchang．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

*Wu Zetian：A Tang empress．

*Zhao Feiyan：A Han emperor's favorite，a light dancer，hence her name“Feiyan”，meaning“Flying Swallow．”

*Lady Yang：favorite of the Tang Emperor Minghuang．

*Princess Shouyang The beautiful daughter of Emperor Wu of the Song Kingdom(420-479)，the Northern and Southern Dynasties．

*Princess Tongchang：A Tang princess．

◆ (宝玉听了，点头称赏。)因看房内，瑶琴、宝鼎、古画、新诗，无所不有;更喜窗下亦有唾绒，奁间时渍粉污。壁上也见悬着一副对联，书云：“幽微灵秀地，无可奈何天。”(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第五回)

Nodding in appreciation Baoyu looked round him．He saw jasper lutes，rare bronze tripods，ancient paintings，new volumes of verse—nothing was lacking．But what delighted him most was the rouge by the window and the spilt powder left from a lady's toilet．On the wall hung this couplet：

Spiritual，secluded retreat，

Celestial world of sweet longing．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 刘姥姥会意，于是带了板儿下炕，至堂屋中，周瑞家的又和她唧咕了一会，方过这边屋里来。只见门外錾铜钩上悬着大红撒花软帘，南窗下是炕，炕上大红毡条，靠东边板壁立着一个锁子锦靠背与一个引枕，铺着金心绿闪缎大坐褥，旁边有雕漆痰盒。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第六回)

Granny Liu at once lifted her grandson off the kang and led him into the hall．After some whispered advice from Mrs．Zhou she followed her slowly into Xifeng's room．

A soft scarlet flowered portiere hung from brass hooks over the door，and the kang below the south window was spread with scarlet rug．Against the south wooden partition on the east were a back-rest and bolster of brocade with chain designs nest to a glossy satin mattress with a golden center．Beside them stood a silver spittoon．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)