选择题型的阅读理解

3　选择题型的阅读理解

这部分是考生最为熟悉的四选一的选择题。根据大纲对考生能力测试的规定，CET4中选择题型的篇章阅读理解部分的题目可以归纳为三类：主旨题、细节题和推理题。

(1)主旨题

主旨题主要考查考生对文章的总体理解。它包括文章标题、中心思想、作者的态度及文章的基调等。

主旨题常见的提问形式有：

What is the main idea of the passage?

What is the main subject of this passage?

What is the main topic of this passage?

The central point of the selection is that_________.

The selection is concerned primarily with_________.

The author is mainly concerned with_________.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

The passage is mainly about_________.

Which illustrates the main idea of the selection?

Which of the following sentences best describes the writer's main point in paragraph one?

Which sentence best expresses the central point of the selection?

The statement that best relates the main idea o f this passage is_________.

针对文章标题的常用题目有：

What would be an appropriate title for this passage?

Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?

The best title for this passage would be/might be/is_________.

What might be the best title of this passage?

The most suitable title of the passage is_________.

Which is the best suggested title?

The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________.

The title below that best expresses the ideas o f this passage is_________.

考查文章的基调或作者的写作目的的常用提问方式有：

The tone of this essay is_________.

The author's attitude is best described as one of_________.

What is the author's main purpose in this passage?

What might be the purpose of the author to write this passage?

The author's main purpose of the passage is to_________.

What is the primary purpose of the passage?

例如：2004年6月阅读理解Passage Two第19题：

The author considers office politics to be_________.

A)unwelcome at the workplace

B)bad for interpersonal relationships

C)indispensable to the development of company culture

D)an important factor for personal advancement

【答案】D

【分析】这是一个对主旨的理解题。本题针对作者把办公室策略看作是什么进行提问。综合全篇，尽管作者在文中似乎大部分是引用“experts say，Dale Carnegie suggested，People assume，psychologists say，Experts suggest”等语句，但从文章中可以看出作者自己也持相同的观点，对照几个选项，可得出答案是D。

在说明文和议论文中，往往有主题句表明中心思想，段中有段旨句点明段落中心。主题句通常在文章的开始或结尾，少数出现在文中。在回答主旨题型时，抓住文章各段落的要点是非常有利于答题的。

(2)细节题

细节题涉及的面很广。有的涉及数字计算，如时间、距离、次数、数量等，计算后方可选定正确答案；有的涉及正误判断，要根据选项提供的线索，找到文中相应部分，再选出答案；还有的寻问事实、原因、结果或目的等。对于这类细节性的问题，多数文章都比较明显地提供了事实或细节，其答案必定在文章论述范围之内。常用命题方式主要有：

第一，问句式。

以提问的形式提出问题，所有的题目常以“WHAT，WHY，WHEN，WHICH”等WH-Questions及“HOW”引导的问题作为开始的问句，其出题形式主要有：

1)What does(did)somebody(something)do?

2)What do people like to do for...?

3)What effect did something have on...?

4)What is(was)the purpose of...?

5)Why is(was)it necessary for somebody(not)to do something?

6)Where should somebody do something?

7)Where is(was)...located?

8)How many(days，months，years，hours，minutes，etc.)does(did) somebody do something?

9)How did something happen?

10)When was something done?

11)When did it happen?

12)Which of the following people should(not)do it?

13)Which of the following did somebody have to deal with(face...)?

第二，不完整的陈述句式。

要求读者选出的答案与题干构成的句子在意义上与原文内容相符。其出题形式有：

1)Somebody has(had)been known to do something only when he(she)is(was)something is(was) made out of_________.

2)According to the passage，somebody does(did)something(in order) to_________.

3)Something can(could)best be named(classified，called...)_________ as.

4) The value of something amounts to_________.

5) A certain kind of person is someone who_________.

6) People are looking for better ways to_________.

7)From their experience，they concluded that_________.

8)When doing something，it is important to_________.

9)Apparently he(she)felt(thought) that_________.

10) The reason why he did it was_________.

11)According to the author，“it”was caused by_________.

第三，排除式。

排除式要求我们排除一些说明信息或找出原文未叙及的内容。其出题形式有：

1)In the passage，the author refers to something or somebody as all of the following except_________.

2)Which of the following are NOT mentioned in the passage?

3)According to the passage which of the following is NOT true?

4)Which of the following is NOT stated in...?

5)Which of the following is NOT listed as...?

6)Which of the following is NOT necessary for...?

7)From the report you can NOT get the information of_________.

8)Which of the following is NOT included in the display?

9) The author does NOT tell us_________.

例如：2005年12月阅读理解passage two第27题：

How did the residents in the Vrain School District respond to the budget shortage?

A)They demanded a through investigation.

B)They pooled their efforts to help solve it.

C)They accused those responsible for it.

D)They felt somewhat helpless about it.

【答案】B

【分析】细节题。题干的意思是：当地的居民对预算短缺的反应是什么。文首pitch into，意思为“投入”，表明该地区居民的态度，即他们愿意去帮助解决问题。同时我们可以从其语句中看到其态度：“if we can help ease their financial burden，we will.”(如果我们能帮着解决这个财务问题，我们会那么做的)。B选项中的pool一词也有“集中，聚合”的意思。因此B项表达的意义“他们协力来帮助解决这个问题”符合题意。

总之，这类问题的表达往往不采用文章中的原话，而是使用同义词语。因此，在选择答案前应首先读懂题目，看问题问的究竟是什么；然后，注意寻找与题目相关的关键信息段落；最后，在充分理解原文，特别是该信息段落的基础上确定正确答案。掌握以下几条规律有助于解题：

1)文章叙述顺序和出题顺序一致。

2)从题干中寻找特征词，然后到原文中定位。常用定位词有表示时间、地点、人名等的名词。

3)从选项中寻找一个与所定位内容意思最接近的作为正确答案。

4)选项中有totally，completely，unlimitedly，absolutely，extremely等词，往往排除该选项。

(3)推理判断题

做这类题不但要求掌握文章所表达的字面含义，还要掌握一定的逻辑判断能力及写作技巧知识，从文章表面推出更深层含义。推理性问题主要包括意图和写作技巧两大类。

1)意图

文字上往往没有明显反映作者意图的词，需要读者从字里行间去体会，靠读者自己的逻辑推理能力去判断。从上下文的连贯及文中有关部分的暗示去分析作者隐含的意思。这类问题的命题方式有：

The writer implies but not directly states tha t_________.

It can be inferred from the passage that_________.

The author strongly suggests that_________.

It can be concluded from the passage that_________.

From the passage we may conclude that_________.

The passage is intended to_________.

The writer indicates that_________.

From the passage we have learned that_________.

2)写作技巧

文章中的每一句话都有它的作用和目的，都是为文章中心思想服务的。有的是下层意思的铺垫，有的是上句话的结果。四级阅读中常常就技巧性问题提问，测试考生对文章是否正确理解。这类题的命题方式有：

The fact...is mentioned by the author to show_________.

The author achieves his purpose by depending m ainly upon_________.

The writer talks about...in order to_________.

例如：2003年12月阅读理解Passage One第25题：

What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?

A)Anxiety，though unavoidable，can be coped with.

B)Children's anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.

C)Children's anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.

D)Anxiety，if properly controlled，may help children become mature.

【答案】C。在父母亲的关照下，孩子们的焦虑可以得到消减。

【分析】推理题。题目意思是：从文中能得出什么结论?A选项错在结论太过绝对，说压力是不可避免的。文中最后一段有这样一句话sometimes anxiety is unavoidable，意为“有时候压力是不可避免的”，因此，A选项不对。B、D项明显不正确，在整篇文章中未曾提及。而C项表达的意义“如果家长更多地关心儿童，就能有效地减少孩子们的焦虑”，这是整篇文章的主旨所在。

推理题主要与下列词或表达有关：imply，infer，infer from，conclude，draw a conclusion，learn，learn from，suggest，intend，show等。

这一类型题目的答案往往在文章的字面上不会出现，考生必须从字里行间来体会作者的意图，或根据文章已经陈述的观点、事实和例证等来推断。要做好这类题归根结底要对文章内容做到真正的理解和掌握。