一、“被”字句的直译
本小节介绍“直译”为基本特征的翻译方法，其“直译”部分多数情况下限于汉语原文带有“被”字的句子，是被动句中最为常见也最为简单的。例如：
例1 非常遗憾，该工厂昨夜被毁于大火。
C1. I’m very sorry to tell you that this factory has been destroyed by the fire last night.
C2. I regret to state that the factory was conpletely destroyed by fire last night.
译文B是对C1的修改，译文A是对C2的修改。
B. I’m very sorry that the factory was destroyed by the fire last night.
A. I regret that the factory was completely destroyed in a fire last night.
例2 该律师事务所已被司法部评为“全国法律服务行业文明服务窗口”。
D1. The law office has been | certified “National Civilized Service Window in the Legal Service Industry”.
D2. The law office has been | elected as “civilized service window of legal service industry of the whole country”.
C. The law office has been | granted “Excellent Unit of National Legal Service”.
这个句子不算长，但“讲究”较多。单从“语意”来看，其一，引号内是个专有名词，所以应当大写主要词语的首字母。其二，由于知晓范围可能小、寿命未必长，所以应当加引号。其三，这种奖项一般都是一年一评，“年度”不一定是汉字名称的一部分，但英语译文需要加词说明。其四，这种奖项一般都是一次评出许多家，汉字除了“十佳”之外难以表达，英文应当使用复数。其五，这类奖项国内数量较大（假如有人编篡一本词典，那它一定不会很薄），属于“中国特色”词，应当有所解释。其六，这类奖项的颁发动作是“一次性”的，不可以使用完成时态。现在来看上述译文，注意一下标记部分，便知如此评分的理由。
B1. The law office was granted the title of a “National Excellent Legal Service”.
B2. The law office was cited as a “National Excellent Legal Service” firm.
A. The law office was cited as one of the “National Excellent Legal Service” firms of the year.
例3 南极长城站上不能降解的和固体的废料都被运回国内进行处理。
A. Non-degradable and solid wastes produced in the Changcheng Station on the Antarctica are all shipped back to China for treatment.
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