宾语提前句

二、宾语提前句

在一本汉英翻译教材中，看到有关被动句的论述是这样的：“在汉语中对于主体施动者的习惯性的强调使得大多数的汉语句式多为主动语态,与此相对的是英语思维中则习惯于不说明施动者而是将被动者,接受者作为主语对过程加以说明对事态加以叙述。

这么说话有点吓人，但其意思是对的。上段引语的意思是说，如果汉语原文的主语和谓语仅仅是形式上的主谓关系，而从实际“语意”来看却是动宾关系，那就应当意译。比如说“酒不喝了，菜多吃点儿”，其中“酒”和“菜”分别是“喝”和“吃”的宾语，在汉语里可以提前，但在英语里要么增加人称主语（第八章第四节“主语的选择”，例21和例23的A类译文），要么起用被动语态，原理仍是“译意不译形”。例如：

例15　对外广告中带有歧视性的文字必须删掉。

D. Must delete the words may imply discrimination in foreign advertisement.

C. We must delete the words that may imply discrimination in foreign advertisements.

B1. Delete at once the words in a foreign-oriented ad that may imply any discrimination.

B2. We must delete the words that may imply discrimination from foreign advertisements.

译文B1是D的修改版，在一定的上下文里也是成立的。至于“被动语态”，A1用了一次，A2出现了两处，译文貌似更为严肃、郑重——这一点，请联系第四节第二小节。

A1. We must eliminate words that may imply discrimination from advertisements oriented to overseas markets.

A2. Texts that may imply discrimination must be eliminated from ads meant for /oriented to overseas markets.

A3. Texts tinged with discrimination must be removed from ads to be aired /published/publicised /distributed in overseas markets.

例16　新员工进厂时要求全部进行安全教育训练。

D1. New staffs ask for should be trained on safety when begin to work for the factory.

D2. New staffs require all to carry out safety education when entering the factory to work.

C. All new recruits should be trained on safety at the moment when they begin to enter the factory.

B. Every new recruit shall be required to be trained on safety when they begin to work at the factory.

“要求”的对象显然是“新员工”，仍然是宾语提前。B的黑体部分符合英语语法，只是表达笨拙，请对比两个A类译文。A1有所“减词”，A2采用了it句型（请见下面两小节），被动语态使用了两次。

A1. All new recruits shall be trained on safety when beginning to work at the factory.

A2. It is required that all new hires be trained on safety when they begin to work at the factory.