英语写作常用衔接方法

英语写作常用衔接方法

衔接是指在一个自然段或短文中所有意义相关的句子自然、顺畅地连接在一起。英语衔接手段多种多样，下面介绍其中的三种。

一、指示代词(demonstrative pronouns)

指示代词共有四个，它们是: this，these，that和those。通过使用这几个词可替代上文或下文中所出现的某一词语，从而把上下文在意义上衔接在一起。其中，this和these既可以指前面提到过的内容，也可以指后面将要讲到的内容。

(1) I can't get any reliable information. This is what worries me.

(2) The great ability that school has taught you is this: You now know how to learn more.

(3) The sandwiches I ate yesterday were stale(不新鲜的)，but these are fresh.

(4) His characteristics are these－kindness，generosity，and industriousness.

例(1)中的this指前面提到的整句话;例(2)中的this指的是后面整句话的内容;例(3)中的these指前面提到的sandwiches;例(4)中的these是指后面的kindness，generosity，and industriousness。

而指示代词that和those仅指前面提到过的内容。

(5) We have no time to fulfill the task. That is our trouble.

(6) October skies are bluer than those of any other months.

例(5)中的that指前面提到的整句话;例(6)中的those指前面提到的skies。

二、替代(substitution)

替代指的是通过用某一词来替代上文中出现过的某一成分。使用替代的目的既是为了避免重复，也是为了衔接上下文。替代的形式主要有名词性替代和动词性替代。

(1) Health costs are rising rapidly; moreover，solutions to the problem are not clear.

(2) The job is boring. I think I'll look for a better position.

(3) A mer I cans spend more each year on beauty than they do on education.

(4) When Mark needed to repair his car，Mike helped him do the job.

例(1)和例(2)为名词性替代。其中，the problem和position分别替代了前面出现的rising health costs和the job。例(3)和例(4)为动词性替代。其中，do 和do the job分别替代了前面已经出现的spend和repair his car。

三、省略(ellipsis)

省略指的是将前面句子中的相同词语省去不提。它的目的也是避免重复，让上下文衔接更加紧密。常见的形式主要有名词性省略和动词性省略。

(1) One option the employees have is to take a cut in pay; the other is to work longer hours.

(2) They spoke for the first suggestion and against the second.

(3) Some people write by day，others by night.

(4) When everything is emphasized，nothing is.

例(1)和例(2)为名词性省略。例(1)中的the other后面省略了option一词;例(2)中的the second后面省略了suggestion一词。例(3)和例(4)为动词性省略。例(3)中的others后面省略了write一词;例(4)中的is后面省略了emphasized一词。

写作时，如果能恰当地使用这三种衔接手段，会让自己的行文前后呼应、浑然一体。