特殊句型的译法

4.5　特殊句型的译法

【译技自测】

在学习本节前，先试着翻译下列各句。遇到困难时再参阅书后的参考译文。本节的特殊句型都是学习翻译的人所必须攻克的。

1.He was a man more sinned against than sinning．

［提示］“more...than...”意为“与其说……不如说……”。

2.The girl earns her own keep by working as a nurse．

［提示］“by...”在这里如何译好?

3.This man! There's no earthly thing that he's too good to do．

［提示］“too...to...”有否定意味，用“no”否定它，变成肯定。

4.He really shouts at his wife，but she gives as good as she gets．

［提示］“as good as”意为“……的程度不亚于……”。

5.She had been obsessed with the mystery of the document that a film was the last thing on her mind．

［提示］这里的“last”具有很强的否定意味。

英语特殊句型是英译汉的又一个难点。有些有比较固定的译法，有些则没有。所以翻译者如果遇到一些难译的特殊句型，就应该多分析，多思索，多联系上下文，多进行逻辑推理，切勿轻率动笔。这里不可能把英语所有的惯用法结构和特殊句型都列全，只能列举一些典型结构，借以探讨翻译的一些特殊技巧及思路。

1.“it”作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型的翻译。

【例1】Rumour has it that there will be war．

［译文］谣传快要打仗了。

【例2】She had said what it was necessary to say．

［译文］要说的话她都说了。

【例3】It is not common for him to receive letters．

［译文］他难得接到几封信。

【例4】Make it the first object to be able to fix and hold your attention upon your studies．

［译文］要把专心致志于学业并且持之以恒作为首要目标。

【例5】I have heard it remarked by a statesman of high reputation that most great men have died of overeating themselves．

［译文］我曾听到一位有名望的政治家说过，大部分伟人都是因为吃得太多而送命的。

【例6】There are those who consider it questionable that these defence linked research projects will account for an improvement of the standard of living or，alternately，do much to protect our diminishing resources．

［译文］开展这些与防御有关的研究项目会不会说明人民生活水平的提高，或者说会不会有利于保护我们日益减少的资源，对此，有人是持怀疑态度的。

2.强调句型的翻译。

【例1】It is to men like Edison that we should be grateful．

［译文］我们应该感激的是像爱迪生那样的人。

【例2】It is not who rules us that is important，but how he rules us．

［译文］重要的不是谁统治我们，而是看他怎样统治。

【例3】Yet it is not he who sings loudest and jokes most that has the lightest heart．

［译文］引吭高歌和最爱玩笑戏谑之人，其心情并不见得很轻松。

【例4】He is an interpreter，one whose duty it is to act as a bridge or channel between the minds of his listeners．

［译文］他是做口译工作的，其职责是使讲两种不同语言的人进行交流沟通。

3.“all+抽象名词”或“抽象名词+itself”的译法(=“very+形容词”)。

【例1】He was all gentleness to her．

［译文］他对她非常温存。

【例2】To his superiors，he is humility itself．

［译文］他对长辈十分谦恭。

【例3】While she was waiting for the tinkling of the bell，all nerves，suddenly he stood before her．

［译文］她正十分紧张地等待着铃声响的时候，他突然站到了她面前。

【例4】Washington was discretion itself in the use of speech，never taking advantage of an opponent，or seeking a short lived triumph in a debate．

［译文］华盛顿措辞非常谨慎，在辩论中从不欺骗他的对手，也不贪求一时的胜利。

4.利用词汇重复表示强调的翻译。

【例1】A crime is a crime a crime．

［译文］犯罪就是犯罪，没有什么好说的。

【例2】A government is a government a government．

［译文］政府就是政府，并不因为人们对它的看法而改变性质。

5.“something(much)of”和“nothing(little)of”的翻译。

“something of”相当于“to some extent”，表示程度。在疑问句或条件状语从句中，则为“anything of”，可译为“有点”、“略微”等。“nothing of”译为“毫无”、“全无”。“much of”译为“大有”，“not much of”可译为“算不上”、“称不上”，“little of”可译为“几乎无”，“something like”译为“有点像，略似”。

【例1】He is very much of a gentleman．

［译文］他颇有绅士风度。

【例2】He knows something of everything．

［译文］他什么都知道一点，但样样都不精。

【例3】He is more of a scholar than a teacher．

［译文］与其说他是教师，不如说他是学者。

【例4】There was nothing of the student about him，but very much of the miner．

［译文］他完全不像学生，倒像个矿工。

【例5】If he is anything of a gentleman，he will keep his promise，I should think．

［译文］他如果有一点点绅士风度，我想他会守约的。

【例6】They say that he had no university education，but he seems to be something of a scholar．

［译文］据说他并没有受过大学教育，但他看上去好像有学者的风度。

6.同格名词修饰的翻译。

同格名词是指“of”前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，“of”以及它前面的名词构成一个形容词短语，以修饰“of”后面的那个名词。如“her old sharper of a father”可译为“她那骗子般的父亲”。

【例1】She was an angel of a wife．

［译文］她是一位天仙般的妻子。

【例2】The child is a treasure of a son．

［译文］那是一个宝贝儿子。

【例3】Those pigs of girls eat so much．

［译文］那些猪一般的女孩吃那么多。

7.“as...as...can(may)be”的翻译。

【例1】It is as plain as plain can be．

［译文］那是再明白不过了。

【例2】You are as wrong as wrong can be．

［译文］你大错特错。

【例3】A lot of these boys were green as green can be．

［译文］这些男孩子许多都精力充沛无比。

【例4】Since I have been in prison，he has always been coming to see me，and at times he would talk to me，and was as good to me as could be．

［译文］自从我入狱以来，他常来看我;有时和我谈话，亲切得不得了。

8.“It is in(with)...as in(with)”的翻译。

【例1】It is in life as in a journey．

［译文］人生好比旅行一样。

【例2】It is with a machine as with a child that must always be taken care of．

［译文］机器和小孩一样，需要时常加以照顾。

【例3】It is in studying as in eating;he who does it gets the benefits;and not he who sees it done．

［译文］读书和吃饭一样，得到利益的是实际在吃的人，而不是在旁边观看的人。

9.“as good as...”的翻译。

(1)相等于，就像，几乎如;(2)实际上，其实，实在。

【例1】The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy，that he would adopt him．

［译文］那商人等于许诺要把那孤儿收为养子。

【例2】Out of the eight men who had fallen in the action，only three still breathed;and of these two were as good as dead．

［译文］八个在战斗中倒下的人，只有三个还未断气，而其中两个似已断气。

10.“may as well...as”和“might as well...as”的翻译。

“may as well...as”可译为“与其……，不如……”、“以这样做……为宜”、“如同……，也可以……”，等等。“might as well...as”表示不可能的事，可译为“不啻……”、“犹如……”、“可与……一样荒唐”、“与其那样……不如这样的好”，等等。

【例1】You may as well begin at once．

［译文］你最好立即着手。

【例2】One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly．

［译文］与其一知半解，不如完全不知的好。

【例3】You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to him．

［译文］你借钱给他，不啻把钱扔到海里。

【例4】Friendship is a vase，which，if it is cracked by accident，may as well be broken at once．

［译文］友谊好像花瓶一样，只要偶然发生裂痕，就很可能马上破碎。

11.“to make...of”的译法(使……成为……把……当作……)。

【例1】She has made a conquest of him．

［译文］她使他拜倒在她的石榴裙下。

【例2】I will make a scientist of my son．

［译文］我要把儿子培养成为一个科学家。

【例3】She often makes a hero of her husband．

［译文］她常把她丈夫当作英雄，推崇备至。

【例4】Men who have done great things，made stepping stones of their failure．

［译文］成就大事业的人都以失败为阶梯。

12.“too...+不定式”，“not(never)too...+不定式”，“too...not+不定式”的译法。

“too...to...”译为“太……而不能……”等。

【例1】She is too angry to speak．

［译文］她愤怒得说不出话来。

【例2】The news is too good to be true．

［译文］消息太好，恐不可靠。

“not too...to do”的意思是“并不太……所以能做……”

【例3】He is not too old to do it．

［译文］他还没有老到做不了这事的程度。

【例4】One is never too old to learn．

［译文］活到老，学到老。

【例5】English is not too difficult to learn．

［译文］英语并不太难学。

“too...not to do”的意思是“太……而很可能要做(不免要做出……)或者“还没有到做不成某事的程度”。

【例6】He is too angry not to say it．

［译文］他在盛怒之下不免要说出这样的话来。

【例7】The expression is well- known to many students of French，but it is far too good not to be requoted here．

［译文］这句话是学法语的学生都知道的，不过实在说得太精彩，所以这里不免要再次引用一下。

13.“only(all，but)too...to do so”和“too ready(apt)to do”的译法。

凡是“only”、“all”、“but”等后加“too...to”，不定式都失去了否定意义。在“too ready(apt)+to do”结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。

【例1】You know but too well to hold your tongue．

［译文］你还是闭嘴的好。

【例2】I shall be only too pleased to do my best in that line of work．

［译文］我很高兴地尽力去做那方面的工作。

【例3】They are all too satisfied to take the opinions of others without the pain of thought for themselves．

［译文］他们都非常满足于接受别人的意见，而自己却懒得去思考问题。

14.“no more...than...”句型的译法。

【例1】The gospel of making a fortune is no more true than what I tell you．

［译文］你们所说的致富之道跟我讲的一样是靠不住的。

【例2】A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man．

［译文］正像没有灵魂的躯体不能称其为人一样，没有爱情的家庭也不能称其为家庭。

15.“not so much...as”和“not so much as...”结构的译法。

“not so much...as”=“rather than”，其中的“as”有时可换用“but rather”，可译为“与其说是……毋宁说是……”。而“not so much as...”=“without(not)even”，可译为“甚至……还没有”。

【例1】The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it．

［译文］与其说海洋把陆地分开，不如说海洋把陆地连在一起。

【例2】The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning．

［译文］学校教育的最大效用不在于授人以鱼，而在于授人以渔。

【例3】Success in life does not depend so much on one's school record as on one's honesty and diligence．

［译文］一个人事业的成功并不取决于他在学校时的学习成绩，而是取决于他的诚实与勤勉。

16.“Nothing is more...than”和“Nothing is so...as”结构的译法。

“Nothing is more...than”和“Nothing is so...as”都具有最高级比较的意思，“nothing”可换用“no”、“nobody”、“nowhere”、“little”、“few”、“hardly”、“scarcely”等。可译为“没有……比……更为”、“像……再没有了”、“最……”等。

【例1】Nothing is more precious than time．

［译文］没有比光阴更可贵的东西了。

【例2】No complaint is more common than that of a scarcity of money．

［译文］最普遍的抱怨就是说钱不够用。

17.“cannot...too...”结构的译法。

“cannot...too...”意为“It is impossible to overdo...”或者“the more...the better...”，即“无论怎样……也不算过分”。“not”可换用“hardly”、“scarcely”等，“too”可换用“enough”、“sufficient”等，也可换成带有“程度”意味的动词，如“overstress”，“exaggerate”等。

【例1】You cannot be too careful．

［译文］你越细心越好。

【例2】That which is good cannot be done too soon．

［译文］好事做得愈快愈好。

【例3】This introduces a fact of an importance that cannot be overstressed．

［译文］这介绍了一个事实，其重要性无论怎样强调都不为过。

18.“否定词+but”结构的译法。

在否定词后面的“but”具有“which not”、“who not”、“that not”等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成“没有……不(是)”或“……都……”等。

【例1】There is no one but hopes to be rich．

［译文］没有人不想发财。/人人都想发财。

【例2】Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse．

［译文］事情虽糟，但还不是最糟的。

19.“否定词+until(till)”结构的译法。

在否定词“no”、“not”、“never”、“little”、“few”、“seldom”等的后面所接的“until/till”多数情况下可译为“直到……才……”、“要……才……”，把否定译为肯定。

【例】Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried．

［译文］任何人都要试一试，才知道他能做什么。

20.“not so...but”和“not such a...but”结构的译法。

这两个结构和“否定词+but”的结构差不多，不同之处是这两个结构中的“but”是含有“that...not”意味的连接词，表示程度，可译为“还没有……到不能做……的程度”、“并不是……不……”、“无论怎样……也不是不能……”等。

【例1】He is not so sick but he can come to school．

［译文］他并没病到不能上学的程度。

【例2】No man is so foolish but he may give another good counsel sometimes．

［译文］无论怎样愚笨的人有时也能给别人提出好的忠告。

21.“疑问词+should...but”结构的译法。

这个结构表示过去发生的意外的事，意为“none...but”，可译为“除了……还有谁会……”、“岂料”、“想不到……竟是……”等。

【例1】Who should write it but himself?

［译文］除了他本人以外还会有谁写呢?

【例2】Who should come in but his first wife?

［译文］除了他的结发妻子谁会进来呢?

22.“who knows but(that)...”和“who could/should...but”结构的译法

这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为“多半”、“亦未可知”，等等，有时也可直译。

【例1】Who knows but(that)he may go?

［译文］他多半会去的。或译为:

他会去也未可知。/他兴许会去的。

【例2】Who knows but(that)he may do such a thing at his old age?

［译文］谁知道他那么大年纪竟干出那种事来!

23.“祈使句+and”与“祈使句+or”结构的译法。

“祈使句+and”表示“If...you...”;“祈使句+or”表示“If not...you...”。

【例1】Don't go too close to him，or you'll be found fault with．

［译文］不要太接近他，不然他就会找你的岔子的。或者译为:

如果你去接近他，他会挑你的毛病的。或者进一步意译为:

不能和这个人太套近乎，因为谁接近他，他就会挑谁的毛病。

【例2】Add love to a house and you have a home.Add righteousness to a city and you have a community.Add truth to a pile of red bricks and you have a school．

［译文］一所房子加上爱心，你就有了一个家;一个城市加上正直守法，你就有了一个社区;在红砖房子里加上真理，你就有了一所学校。

24.“名词+and”结构的译法。

在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。

【例1】A word，and he would lose his temper．

［译文］你再说一句，他就要生气了。

【例2】A turn of the path and we were in a fairyland，whose existence no one a hundred yards off would have suspected．

［译文］从那条路转个弯进去，我们便到了一个仙境，只消离开那里一百码的地方，就没有人会想到有那么一个仙境存在了。

25.“as...so...”结构的译法。

这里的“so”的意思是“in the same way”(也是如此)。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。

【例1】As rust eats iron，so care eats the heart．

［译文］忧能伤人，犹如锈能蚀铁。

【例2】As fire tries gold，so does adversity try courage．

［译文］正如火可以试金一样，逆境也可以考验人的勇气。

26.“if any”结构的译法。

“if any”和“if ever”的意思是“果真有……”、“即使有……”，表示加强语气。与此类似的还有“if anything”(如有不同的话，如果稍有区别)，“if a day”(=“at least”，至少)等。

【例1】There is little，if any，hope．

［译文］希望甚微。

【例2】It occurs seldom，if ever．

［译文］即便有事，也必然不多。

【例3】If anything，he is a little better today．

［译文］如果说有什么不同，那就是他比昨天略微好了一些。

27.“be it ever(never)so”和“let it be ever(never)so”结构的译法。

这里，“be it”中的“be”是古英语假设语气的遗留形式，现代英语则使用“let it be”。“ever so”和“never so”都表示同一意思，多译为“无论怎样……”。

【例1】Let it ever be so weak，there is nobody but loves his country．

［译文］无论国家怎样弱小，它的臣民都热爱它。

【例2】Be it ever so humble(let it be ever so humble)，home is home．

［译文］无论怎样简陋，总是自己的家。

【例3】A man thinking or working is always alone，let him be where he will．

［译文］一个人在思考或工作时总是孤独的，无论他在什么地方都一样。

28.“the last+不定式”与“the last+定语从句“结构的译法。

这种结构中的“last”意思是“the least likely”，用于否定性推论。可译为“最不大可能的”、“最不合适的”，由原意的“最后一个……”变成“最不可能……的一个”。

【例1】Romantic is the last thing I am．

［译文］我决不是什么浪漫的人。

【例2】He is the last man to accept a bribe．

［译文］他决不是会接受贿赂的人。

【例3】The very last thing of which man can make his boast is his knowledge．

［译文］人类对于自己的知识是决不可以夸口的。

29.“so...that...”句型的译法。

这个句型的意思是“如此……，以至于……”，但在翻译成汉语时，许多情况下并不一定要译成“如此……以至于……”，而是变通表达其含义。与此类似的还有“such...that...”句型和“such...as...”句型。

【例1】It so happened that he was not at home．

［译文］他碰巧不在家。

【例2】The streets were so crowded that our car had to go very slowly．

［译文］街上太拥挤，汽车只能慢慢地开。

【例3】This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand．

［译文］这本书是用初学者也能读懂的浅易英文写的。

【例4】I do not think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from Fowler's Dictionary．

［译文］我觉得谁不从《福勒大词典》多多学习，谁就写不出很好的文章。

【例5】May we so live that our children's children may look upon us as having set them an example．

［译文］愿我们的生活方式能够垂范子孙万代。

30.“more+than+原级形容词(副词)”结构的译法。

这是将不同性质加以比较，其中的“more”有“rather”的意思(即“毋宁”)。

【例1】He is more shy than unsocial．

［译文］他害羞，不是不爱社交。

【例2】He is more dead than alive．

［译文］与其说他活着，不如说他死了。

【例3】She was dressed more than simply．

［译文］她的穿戴岂止是朴素，简直近乎破烂。

【例4】It is more than probable that he will fail．

［译文］十之八九，他会失败。

31.“more than+动词”结构的译法。

这种结构表示动词的程度，可译为“异常”、“岂止”、“十二分地”等。

【例1】This more than satisfied me．

［译文］这使我十二分地满意。

【例2】More is meant than meets the ear．

［译文］有言外之意。(或:有弦外之音。)

【例3】He more than hesitated to promise that．

［译文］他答应那件事时岂止是犹豫不决，简直等于拒绝。

【例4】Rose's cheeks were more than touched by the sun．

［译文］罗丝的面颊饱受阳光的灼晒。

32.“good and...”的副词用法。

译为“非常”、“很”，类似用法还有“nice and...”，“fine and...”，“lovely and...”，“bright and...”，“rare and...”，“big and...”等，均表示程度。

【例1】I was rare and hungry．

［译文］我特别饿。

【例2】The room is snug and warm．

［译文］这房间很暖和舒适。

【例3】The apples are good and ripe．

［译文］这些苹果都成熟了。

【例4】The house stands nice and high．

［译文］那房子很高。

【例5】You'll make yourself fine and beholden to Aron．

［译文］你对爱伦要特别感激才是。

33.“and that”结构的译法。

“and that”结构应译为“而且……”，表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强，“that”代表前面的整个陈述部分。

【例1】Return to your work，and that at once．

［译文］回去工作，而且要马上回去。

【例2】The snow began to come down and that in earnest．

［译文］开始下雪了，而且下得很大。

34.“at once...and”结构的译法。

这个结构译为“既……又……”，起相关连接的作用，相当于“both...and...”。

【例1】The novel is at once pleasing and instructive．

［译文］那部小说既有趣味又有教益。

【例2】I was at once comforted and terrified by this thought．

［译文］我一产生这个念头，安心与恐惧便结伴而来。

35.“in that...”结构的译法。

这个结构的意思是“在那一点上(方面)”，可译为“因为”。类似的结构还有“in this...”。

【例1】The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs．

［译文］这份预算不符合实际，因为它忽视了增加的费用。

【例2】Some things they do in that they are men...some things in that they are men misled and blinded with error．

［译文］他们做的某些事情之所以好，是因为他们是人……他们做的某些事情之所以不好，是因为他们受了误导与蒙蔽。

36.“...notwithstanding”结构的译法。

在这个结构中，“notwithstanding”是介词，这个介词可以置前，也可以置后，起让步状语的作用。

【例1】This notwithstanding，I still want to go．

［译文］尽管如此，我还是想去。

【例2】Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored.But this is an entirely wrong conception，the name notwithstanding．

［译文］有人认为蓄电池组是把电储蓄起来的一种蓄电器。但这是一个完全错误的概念，尽管其名称如此。

37.“Every...not”和“All...not”结构的译法。

“Every...not”表示“不见得每个……都是……”;“All...not”表示“不见得所有……都是……”的意思。

【例1】All that glitters is not gold．

［译文］闪闪发光的不一定都是金子。

【例2】Every man is not polite，and all are not born gentlemen．

［译文］不见得每个人都懂礼貌，也不见得所有的人天生都文质彬彬。

38.“may as well not...as”结构的译法。

此结构可译为“与其……不如不……”。

【例】One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly．

［译文］与其一知半解，不如全然不知。

39.“have only to...do”结构的译法。

此结构表示“只须(消)……就能……”的意思。

【例】We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it．

［译文］我们只消研究一下爱迪生所做出的杰出发现，就可以看到其重大意义。

40.“not(no)...unless...”句型的译法。

译为“除非……否则(不然)……”。

【例】No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed．

［译文］除非安装一条新的装配线，否则提高产量是没有指望的。

41.“better...than...”句型的译法。

可译为“宁可……也不……”。

【例】Better my life should be ended by their hate，than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love．

［译文］我宁可死在他们的仇恨之下，也不愿意延长这可恨的生命而得到你的爱。

42.“as it were”。

“as it were”是一个常用的插入语，意思是“好像”、“可以说”等。译时视上下文而定，有时可不译。

【例】A piece of iron near a magnet，though apparently separate from it，feels，as it were，the threads of this attachment．

［译文］靠近磁铁的铁块虽然明显地跟磁铁分离着，却似乎可以感觉到这种引力线的存在。

43.复杂结构的翻译。

在下面的例句中，由于定语从句过长，把谓语“must realize”提到定语从句之前。如分析不透这种结构，翻译就有可能出现失误。

【例】Though faith and confidence are surely more or less foreign to my nature，I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able，diligent，candid，and even honest.Plainly enough，that is too large an order，as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office．

［译文］虽然我生来就没有多少信仰和信心，但是我还是常常发现自己期待着他们(政治家)有才能、勤勉、坦诚乃至诚实。很明显，无论谁认真想一想这些人是如何步入仕途的，都会认识到这一要求对他们来说太高了。

44.“not...any more than...”译为“不能……，正如不能……”。

【例】One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool．

［译文］人们不可能仅仅通过阅读有关制图的书来学会制图或用图来表达自己的思想，正如人们不可能站在游泳池旁就学会游泳一样。

45.“Be that as it may...”。

是“Let it be that as it may”的省略形式，是由“be”引起的另外一种假设结构，意思是“虽说如此”、“尽管这样”。

【例】It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two，that the blood poison is，so to speak，a new product from an improved formula.Be that as it may，the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison．

［译文］据说，侵害神经的毒液在这两种毒液中是较为原始的一种;而毒害血液的毒液可以说是一种用改良的配方制造出来的新产品。但是，侵害神经的毒液对人的危害远比毒害血液的要来得快。

46.“if at all”。

是一个由“if”引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结构，有时颇难翻译。可视情况译为“即使……”、“即便……”等。

【例】I can see only with great difficulty，if at all．

［译文］即使我能看见东西，也要费很大力气才行。

47.由“there”引导的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构，译时应先找出主语。

【例】There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science，in which my work is the beginning，ways and means by which other minds more accurate than mine will explore its remote corners．

［译文］通往科学这个无比美好的广阔领域的道路与手段已经展现在我们面前。在科学领域中，我的研究只是一个开端。思想比我敏锐的其他科学家，将利用已经展现出来的道路和手段，来探索科学领域的遥远境界。

48.“range from...to...”结构的译法。

这是一个常见结构，译时很多情况下应变通处理，不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。

【例】Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals．

［译文］从完全由计算机管理的生产线到由遥控信号控制的儿童玩具，都涉及计算机的应用。

49.“the way...”结构的译法。

【例】I always thought she was a commonsense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed．

［译文］我一向认为她是一个明达的人，讨论问题总是该怎么讨论就怎么讨论。

50.复杂宾补结构的译法。

【例】In recent years，the development of sensitive and accurate measuring equipment has made it possible to measure the acuity of hearing of any individual at different frequencies．

［译文］近年来研制出了一些灵敏而精确的测量设备，从而有可能测出一个人在不同频率下的听力。

51.某些分隔结构的译法。

(1)动词短语相关部分被分隔(当“make use of”，“take notice of”，“pay attention to”等动词短语变成被动语态时)。

【例】Use is made of solar energy in heating houses．

［译文］现在已利用太阳能为住房供暖。

(2)双重定语引起的分隔。

【例】But there is of culture another view，in which not solely the scientific passion，the sheer desire to see things as they are，natural and proper in an intelligent being，appears as the ground of it．

［译文］但是对于文化还有另一种看法，认为文化的基础似乎不仅是对科学的强烈爱好，不仅是一种纯粹想要认识事物真相的愿望——对于一个有智力的人来说，这种爱好和愿望是自然而然的，也是十分正常的。

(3)名词后多个修饰语引起的分隔。下面例句中的“property”与修饰它的两个介词短语“of accumulating”和“of remaining”之间，插入了一个定语从句“(that)certain substances have”，形成了语法成分的分隔现象。这类现象颇影响理解与翻译，弄不好容易出错。

【例】Becquerel was interested in the phenomena of fluorescence，which is the property certain substances have of accumulating the energy of light falling upon them and of remaining luminous for a certain time after the source of light has been removed．

［译文］贝克勒尔对某些物质所具有的荧光现象很感兴趣，这种现象的特征是:照在某些物质上的光能够积聚起来，并且在移走光源后的一段时间内仍可保持发光。

52.“to be doing...when...”。

这一句型多译为“某人正在做……时，突然……”。在简单的句子中容易看出，一旦句子变得复杂一些，可能就不太容易识别这种句型。

【例】She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night，and were walking home together at about 10 o'clock，when a“very big，very tall man”，accosted them and demanded their purses．

［译文］她说，那天晚上她和一个朋友外出吃饭。大约十点钟，两人步行回家，突然一个“又高又大的男人”朝她们走来，要她们交出钱包。

53.“too...to”引起的复杂句型的译法。

关键是要找出这种结构并妥善安排译文。

【例】Then I remembered how often I，too，had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day，too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all．

［译文］这时我想到自己过去又何尝不是往往对每天的壮观景象视而不见，一头埋在细小的，有时甚至是卑鄙、自私的事务之中，而对日常奇观麻木不仁呢!

54.“so much that...”句型。

有时不能译得太实。

【例】But he developed gradually a very musical English.He learnt to write sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much that he could never have enough of it．

［译文］但是他的英文逐渐有了音乐色彩。他学会了写一个个优美动听的句子。他自己也非常高兴，所以才思如泉，一发而不可收。

55.“when”引导的状语从句。

有时并不好译，不能一看到“when”从句就考虑译为“当……的时候”，它还有许多种译法。

【例】Anything is better than not to write clearly.There is nothing to be said against lucidity，and against simplicity only the possibility of dryness.This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig．

［译文］怎么写都可以，但千万别写得不清楚。清楚是无可争辩的;至于简洁呢，唯一的问题是很可能会显得干瘪。不过，这点风险还是值得冒的，因为你可以想象，即使是秃头也比戴卷曲的假发要好得多。

56.“not...because...”。

有时可否定前面，有时可否定“because”本身，往往出现歧义。应根据上下文而判定。

【例】In 1600 the earth was not the centre of the universe because the majority then supposed it was;nor，because she had more readers，was Ella Wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins．

［译文］在1600年，地球并不因为当时大多数人都认为它是宇宙的中心而就成了宇宙的中心;也不因为艾拉·惠勒·威尔科克斯拥有更多的读者而就是个比诗歌之父霍普金斯还要优秀的诗人。

57.“so...that”/“such...that”。

这是一个普通的句型，但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见。翻译时要把它的意思表达出来，外形上不一定保留原来的结构形式。

【例】The truth is，that in one point of view，this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us，that in some sense we must turn bullies，else the day is lost，or superiority so far beyond us，that we can hardly say it will ever be ours．

［译文］从某种观点来看，我们需要民族文学，实在迫切之至，我们不得不扯破脸皮来硬干，否则我们就只好自认失败，永远跟不上人家了。

58.“by/through doing...”结构。

这个结构的意思是“通过(做)……”，但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义，不少情况下需要灵活变通。

【例】The hippos，by depositing dung in the water，fed the fish that support the storks that destroy the rare trees．

［译文］河马拉在水里的粪便喂养鱼，而鱼又喂养了鹳，鹳又毁坏了珍奇的树。

59.复杂倒装句的译法。

下面的例句为倒装句，主语很长，而且又含有非常复杂的句型，这是以形容词作表语的倒装，翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面。

【例1】Very important in the farmers' life is the radio weather report．

［译文］农民生活中很重要的一件事就是收听无线电天气预报。

【例2】Outstanding among them was Xiangjiang Review published in Hunan by Comrade Mao Zedong．

［译文］其中最突出的是毛泽东同志在湖南出版的《湘江评论》。

【例3】Particularly remarkable，Mr.Holton said in an interview，is the extent to which their interest in physics dominates the correspondence despite their personal difficulties．

［译文］尤其难能可贵的是，霍尔顿先生在一次会见中说，尽管他们各自都有困难，但他们在通信中对物理学的兴趣竟然占着最重要的位置。

【例4】No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences which result in a rich，significant life，as they can get out of processes and experiences resulting in a poorer life less full of meaning．

［译文］同样显而易见，大多数人天性如此，或教养如此，以至于他们不能——像从导致较少意义、较为卑微的生活方式和体验中获得乐趣那样——从丰富的和有意义的生活方式和体验中得到如此多的乐趣。

60.“what从句”句型的译法。

(1)在下例中，宾语从句“what Johnson said of...”很长，在这里译成中文无法放在宾语的位置上。只能作变通处理，把它翻译成单独的句子，然后再翻译主谓部分。

【例】I can not say of myself what Johnson said of Pope:“He never passed a fault unamended by indifference，nor quitted it by despair.”I do not write as I do;I write as I can．

［译文］约翰逊关于蒲柏说过这样一句话:“他对于文字上的毛病，绝不采取放任自流的态度而不加修改，也不因为无能为力而善罢干休。”这句话加到我身上就不适用了。我写文章不是随心所欲，而是尽力而为。

(2)英语的宾语补足语在宾语较长的情况下可以提到宾语的前面，有时颇影响理解与翻译表达。

【例】The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really possible if effort is made．

［译文］目前的问题是，很多人把努一把力能做到的事看成是做不到的。

61.英语的一个习惯用法。

当否定谓语“think(believe)”时，实际上是否定其后面的宾语从句。如在下例中，否定就落在宾语从句上。这样宾语从句就变成了双重否定，译时可以按双重否定译，也可按肯定来译。

【例】It is a valuable work.I do not think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from it．

［译文］这是一本很有价值的书。我认为，任何人，无论文章写得有多好，也可从中得到许多教益。

62.“to have not...(as)to see...”。

其中的不定式也有否定意味。

【例】He had not the good breeding to see that simplicity and naturalness are the truest marks of distinction．

［译文］他缺乏足够的修养，不知道简洁、自然乃是优秀作品最重要的标志。

63.“It occured to sb.that...”。

意为“突然想到”，“It dawned on sb.that...”意为“突然想起”等，“that”从句是想起的内容。

【例】I remember once being on a bus and looking at a stranger.He suddenly looked back at me—i.e.our eyes met.My instinctive reaction was to avert my gaze.It occured to me that if I had continued to maintain eye contact，I would have been rude and aggressive．

［译文］我记得有一次在公共汽车上看到一个陌生人。他突然回头看着我——也就是说，我们的目光相遇了。我本能的反应是转移我的目光。我想到如果我继续盯着看别人，我就会感到内疚，因为盯着看人是一种粗鲁的冒犯行为。

64.“It follows that...”=“It happens as a result...”。

常常被译为“由此可见”、“因此”、“从而”、“可以推断”，等等。

【例】It follows that the housewife will also expect to be able to have more leisure in her life without lowering her standard of living.It also follows that human domestic servants will have completely ceased to exist．

［译文］这样，家庭主妇们也有望在她们的日常生活中有更多的闲暇而又不降低生活水平;基于同样的理由，家庭佣人也将不复存在。

65.“that's all there is to it”。

意思是“也不过如此而已”，可根据上下文视情况处理。

【例1】You want to go—that's all there is to it．

［译文］说来说去，你不过想去罢了。

【例2】If I'm touched，I'm touched—that's all there is to it．

［译文］如果说我是精神错乱，我就精神错乱好了——也不过就是那么回事。

66.“The chances are that...”。

是一个句型，译为“有可能……”。

【例1】The chances are ten to one that we will win．

［译文］我们十之八九会胜。

【例2】Chances are that the new machine will arrive tomorrow．

［译文］新机器明天可能运到。

【例3】The chances are you will never attempt that speed with poetry or want to race through some passages in fiction over which you wish to linger．

［译文］你大概永远不用这种速度阅读诗歌，或者囫囵吞枣地读小说中耐人寻味的某些段落。

67.“feel”、“see”、“leave”引起宾语和宾补，或在被动语态中引起主语补足语的句型。

有时“see”和“feel”这两个词的被动式不大好译，遇到这种情况应挖掘其深层含义，不要拘泥于表面形式。

【例1】He is nowhere to be seen．

［译文］哪儿也看不到他。

【例2】The storm was felt severely on the coast．

［译文］沿海地区受到暴风雨的严重影响。

【例3】The scarcity of public libraries is keenly felt．

［译文］人们强烈地感到公共图书馆不足。

【例4】The education of the young is seen to be of primary importance．

［译文］人们注意到，对于青年人的教育占头等重要的地位。

【例5】We have a feeling in retrospect，amounting to a practical belief，that we could have left undone the things that we have done，and that we could have done the things that we ought to have done and did not do，and we accuse or else excuse ourselves accordingly．

［译文］我们回首往事，总觉得某些事情我们本来可以不做，但我们却做了;而某些应该做的事，我们本来可以去做，但我们却没做。就这样我们常常责备自己或者宽恕自己——我们的这种感觉事实上也几乎成了一种信念。

68.某些以“no”、“nowhere”、“never”、“not...but”、“not...any”、“nothing but”、“hardly”、“scarcely”、“seldom”等否定词语引出的一些结构。

需要注意其否定的内容和信息焦点。

【例1】Hardly a week passes but she receives several invitations．

［译文］她每个星期都会收到几个邀请。

［分析］“Hardly...but...”构成双重否定。

【例2】I never go past the theatre but I think of his last performance．

［译文］我每次走过那家剧院就想起他的最后一次演出。

［分析］“never...but”构成双重否定，可译成肯定语气。

【例3】Looking back，it seems most odd that never once in all the years that I was at school was there any general discussion about career．

［译文］回顾过往，令人十分费解的是，在我上学的那些年里，从来不曾有过关于职业问题的一般性讨论。

［分析］许多倒装句如插入一些其他成分就变得较为隐蔽，只有分析清楚了才能译得正确。

【例4】The occasion demanded some show of recognition on my part.“The center of the world?”I repeated，trying to convey interest if not complete acceptance．

［译文］这种情形要求我做出一定的表示，表明我对他讲的话的认可。我于是重复了一句:“世界中心?”目的是努力表示我即便不完全接受他的说法，也对他的话题感兴趣。

【例5】This is the method to which modern science is moving.It uses no principle but that of forecasting with as much assurance as possible，but with no more than is possible．

［译文］这是现代科学正趋向于使用的方法。它只使用尽可能有把握的预测原则，而决不超出可能的范围。

69.“choice between”、“to know better”、“whether or”、“should have avoided(done better)”等。

表示从两种做法中选取一种更好的做法时，需视其根本含义，即讲话人主旨进行翻译。

【例1】This subject—the death of the city of New York—continues to be mentioned by those of us who should know better．

［译文］我们那些人都不太识相，总是不断地提起这个话题——纽约市终究会完蛋。

［分析］这里有两个语言现象:

(1)“to know better”意思是“很懂事或很明白事理而不至于做……”;

(2)“who...”定语从句从整句的意思来看译到最前面为好。

【例2】Nature seldom provides me with the word，the turn of phrase，that is appropriate without being far fetched or commonplace．

［译文］要把一个词汇或一种表达法用得恰到好处，既不牵强附会，又不落俗套，我很难说就有这种天生的本领。

［分析］别看这句话并不复杂，但译起来却相当棘手。这样的句子翻译时一般都应打破原来的语言形式，重新组织汉语的表达形式，把原文的深层信息传达出来。

【例3】Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men，by the simple device of asking Mrs.Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted．

［译文］亚里士多德曾经误认为女人的牙齿比男人少，他本来是可以避免这一错误的，其方法很简单:他只要请亚里士多德夫人张开嘴巴让他数一数，就一清二楚了。

【例4】For whether the change is temporary and tactical，or lasting and basic，our task is essentially the same to transform that change into a permanent condition devoted to the purpose of a secure peace and mankind's aspiration for a better life．

［译文］因为无论这种变革是暂时的和策略上的，或是持久的和基本的，我们的任务从根本上来说都是一样的，就是要把这种变革转化为一种长久的局面——这种局面致力于实现牢靠的和平，旨在满足人类向往更加美好生活的愿望。

【例5】Then we are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfil needs which have hitherto been regarded as unnecessary or，on the other hand，using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of living．

［译文］这样，我们就面临两种选择，是利用技术来提供和满足至今仍被认为是并不必要的需求呢，还是从另一个方面考虑，利用技术来缩短人们为争取一定的生活水平而必须工作的时间。

70.某些省略情况的翻译。

应注意确认省略的内容及翻译时要不要补充完整。

【例1】Our factory is this side the river．

［译文］我们工厂是在河的这一边。

［分析］按照英语习惯用法，要表示“在某地点(例如河、湖、山、城市等)的这一边”这样的概念时，就说:“this side the river”，“this side the lake”，“that side the mountain”(山的那一边)，等等。这实际上是“on this side of the river(lake 等)”的压缩形式。再如:

That town is this side Beijing．

［译文］那个镇位于北京的这一边。

【例2】Those workers have gone to help let fall the weight．

［译文］那些工人们已经去帮助(别人)把那个重物降下来。

［分析］动词不定式“to help”作目的状语，“to help”的宾语(如sb.)被省略，这样不定式“to let”在“help”后可不带“to”，就成了宾语补足语。另外，“to let sth.fall”是一个短语，意即“让……落下”、“把……放下来”。在这里，短语中的“fall”(作另一个宾语补足语)被提到了宾语的前面。如把所有的语法成分都补充完整了，这句话就变成:The workers have gone to help(the others)(to)let the weight(to)fall．

【例3】The country had grown rich，its commerce was large，and wealth did its natural work in making life softer and more worldly，commerce in deprovincializing the minds of those engaged in it．

［译文］那时候国家富足，商业发达。财富充盈的结果使生活日趋柔靡，思想日趋世俗;而商业发达之后，商人的眼界也自然地日益开阔，不再像当年那样固步自封了。

［分析］这个句子并不复杂，如果不彻底弄清其语法关系，也可以对付着翻译，但毕竟有“以其昏昏，使人昭昭”之虞。应该看出，在“commerce”与“in deprovincializing”之间省略了谓语部分“did its natural work”，在此基础上再着手翻译，肯定会好得多。

71.修饰成分(包括定语、定语从句、同位语从句等)多而长。

需要先分清修饰与被修饰关系，然后再着手翻译。

【例】Across the court from the Manhattan apartment that I have occupied for the past few years is a dog that often hurls insults into the darkness，a few of which my dog refuses to accept and makes a tart reply．

［译文］我过去曾在曼哈顿的一个寓所住过好几年，就在我的院子对面有一条狗，常冲着漆黑的夜空狂吠。我院子里的狗也偶尔对那条狗的狂叫声表示不满并以尖刻的叫声给予回敬。

［分析］这是一个比较复杂的倒装句，表语“Across...”比较长，放在句子的最前面。而主语“a dog”后面又带有很长的定语修饰，而且定语从句中又套有定语从句，环环相扣。只有把这种语序和修饰关系弄明白了，才能开始翻译。

72.一些独立主格结构的翻译。

所谓独立主格，是指在句子结构和内容上不起主要信息表达功能的部分。其作用是从语气和连接上下文等方面对主句进行补充。在翻译成汉语时，往往可独立成句，外形上不保留修饰的痕迹。

【例1】All the way home I was in the clouds，Hastings talking，I not hearing a word．

［译文］一路回家时，我就像腾云驾雾一般，黑斯廷斯说个不停，我却一个字也没有听进去。

【例2】Of course，nobody was hurt this time，because we had all been to dinner，none of us being novices excepting Hastings;and he having been informed by the minister at the time that he invited him that in deference to the English custom he had not provided any dinner．

［译文］当然这一次谁也没有上当，因为我们都有过参加宴会的经验，除了黑斯廷斯以外，一个生手也没有，而他又在公使邀请他的时候听到公使说过，为了尊重英国人的习惯，他根本就没有预备什么酒席。

73.“...only to do...”。

在翻译实践中是一个常见的结构，意为“……结果却……”;“……不料/竟然……”。翻译时要根据上下文灵活处理。

【例1】She turned up the driveway，only to find her way blocked．

［译文］她转弯开到自家车道，竟发现路给堵了。

【例2】He finally found his watch，only to find that it had stopped．

［译文］他终于找到了他的手表，不料表停了。

74.“be none the wiser/not be any the wiser”。

可以译为“仍然不明白，发觉不了”。

【例1】She's read the instructions，but she is still none the wiser．

［译文］她看了说明书，但仍然一头雾水。

【例2】If you put the money back，no one will be any the wiser．

［译文］只要你把钱放回去，谁也不会察觉。

75.“What with(for)...what with(for)/Partly through(because)...partly through(because)”。

多译为“半由于(因为)……半由于(因为)……”，一方面由于……一方面由于……”。

【例1】What for official business and what for private business，our boss has no leisure．

［译文］我们的老板公务和私事缠身，一点闲暇也没有。

【例2】What with the cold weather and(what with)his bad leg，the old man hasn't been out for weeks．

［译文］由于天气很冷，(加上)他的腿又不好，老人已经好几个星期没出门了。

【例3】The young man has made the mistake partly through carelessness and partly through ignorance．

［译文］这个年轻人的错误，一半是由于疏忽，一半是由于无知。

76.比较级用做比喻的翻译。

形容词和副词的比较级除了用于同类事物的比较外，还常用做比喻，表示不同事物的比拟。在此情况下，比较级就不宜译为“比……更……一些”这样的格式，而应译为“和(如、像)……一样”这样表示比喻意义的词语。

【例1】Our village is not less beautiful than this picture．

［译文］我们村像这幅画一样美丽。

【例2】A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears．

［译文］愚蠢的人往往看不见自己的愚蠢，正如他不能自视自己的耳朵一样。

【例3】...and eyes more glorious than if sun and night had dived and were lying imprisoned in their depths．

［译文］……两眼乌黑雪亮，好像太阳与黑夜潜入其深处，而被囚禁在那里一样。

【例4】A causeless event or thing，we cannot think of any more than we can of a stick with only one end．

［译文］我们不可能设想有哪件事情是无缘无故产生的，就像我们不可能设想有哪根棍子会只有一头一样。

以上例句中的比较级都用做比喻，如译成比较级意义，就会与原文貌合神离。译时还有一点应该注意，就是用做比喻的比较级用于否定句时，“than”后面的从句都是肯定句，但译成汉语要用否定词。

【例5】Your father's not lord Driver any more than my uncle's president．

［译文］你父亲不是德赖弗勋爵，正如我叔父不是大学校长。

【例6】She was not aware of it，however，any more than she was aware that her desire that Martin take a position was instinctive and preparative impulse of motherhood．

［译文］但是，她自己并没有意识到这一点，如同她没有意识到她要马丁占个职位的愿望正是她出于本能的母性冲动一样。

77.比较级用于委婉否定的译法。

形容词和副词的比较级是英语的一种表示委婉的手段，可以用来表示委婉的批评、温和的责备和含蓄的否定。

【例1】You might have been more careful．

［译文］你不应该那么粗心大意。

【例2】I knew better than to move another leg．

［译文］我知道我还是站着不动为妙。

【例3】—“What do you think about her lecture ?”—“It could be better.”

［译文］——“你觉得她的课讲得如何?”——“不是太好。”

78.比较级表示对照的译法。

比较级可用来对比某人或某事物的两种不同特性或特征，肯定(或强调)前者，否定(或忽视)后者。

【例1】You got more nerve than brains!

［译文］你胆子大，头脑简单。

【例2】Your comment is more bravely made than correct．

［译文］你的评论勇敢有余，正确不足。

【例3】The present crisis is much more a political than an economical crisis．

［译文］当前的危机与其说是经济危机，不如说是政治危机。

【例4】Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy condition of body．

［译文］对于健康的身体来说，阳光和新鲜空气一样重要。

【例5】Nothing irritates me more than seeing other people sitting about doing nothing when I'm working．

［译文］最叫我气恼的是，我在工作时看到别人呆坐一旁无所事事。

【例6】It was a dry，cold hand，and the grip was severe，and more a feeling of bones in it than friendliness．

［译文］那只是一只干瘦、冰冷的手，那紧紧的一握使我感到的不是友好的情意，只是使我摸到了一把骨头。

79.比较级表示强调的翻译。

比较级有时是用来突出和加强所修饰的词，形式上似有比较，实则为强调。

【例1】There's a woman like a dewdrop，she's so purer than the purest．

［译文］有女洁如露珠。

【例2】I was not quite sure whether they had locked the door;and when I dared move，I got up and went to see.A last Yes:no jail was over more secure．

［译文］我不知道他们是不是把门锁上了;等我敢走动了，我就起来，走过去看看。天啊!真锁上了，那扇门锁得紧紧的，好像牢狱一般。

【译文改进】

1.A pretext was the last thing that Hastings was likely to want．

［原译］黑斯廷斯可能想要的最后一件东西就是借口。

2.It was quite a few years before he finally finished his novel．

［原译］在他最后完成这本小说之前，已经是好几年了。

3.Of many thousand spare parts does not come up to the standard but one．

［原译］在成千上万个备件中，除了一个备件不合格，其他没有一个不合格。

4.The door opens，and who should enter but the very man we were talking of?

［原译］门开了，谁还能进来，不就是那个我们刚才还在谈论的人吗?

5.True friendship is like health，the value of which is seldom known until it is lost．

［原译］真正的友谊就像健康一样，它的价值直到失掉还很少被知道。

6.This morning he rose very early，and what should he do but take it into his head to wash down the stairs．

［原译］今天早晨他起得早。除了想到冲刷楼梯，他还应该做点什么呢?

7.Let a man learn as early as possible honestly to confess his ignorance，and he will be a gainer by it in the long run．

［原译］让一个人尽可能早地学会坦白承认自己的无知吧。从长远的观点来看，他将通过这而成为得利者。

8.There is no living plant or animal，be it ever so common，that will not repay study，and provide，if intelligently observed，quite an interesting story．

［原译］没有动植物，无论怎样普通，将没有研究的价值，如果理智地进行观察，将提供相当有趣的故事。

9.Very few will doubt that it is science which has at once quickened the demand for general education in modern times and the education itself effective．

［原译］很少人将会怀疑:是科学已经立即加快了对现代普及教育的要求，而且教育本身要有效。

10.For the man sound in body and serene of mind there is no such thing as bad weather;every sky has its beauty，and storms which whip the blood do but make it pulse more vigorously．

［原译］对于一个身体健全、精神平静的人来说，是没有坏天气的;无论什么样的天气都有其美丽的一面。譬如说暴风雨可以激励血液流淌，可以使脉搏跳动得更加活跃。

【译技提高】

(一)把下列句子译成汉语。

1.I have made myself what I am．

2.You cannot be careful enongh while crossing the street．

3.We won't leave for London until we are good and ready．

4.Chillies range in color from yellow to green to red to black．

5.At once a light dawned upon me that I had an appointment．

6.I am an old man，but I am not too old，thank heaven，to be shocked!

7.We'll set off for the coast bright and early so we can have most of the day there．

8.The president should have known better than to trust him．

［提示］“to know better than...”是“应该明白不能……”之意。

9.After three years' study in America，she was none the wiser．

［提示］“none the wiser”意为“仍然不明白”。

10.Of course it follows，as a necessary result of his being wanted，that the doctor was not at home．

［提示］“it follows...”可理解为“是……的必然结果，因……而推断……”。

(二)翻译以下篇章。

That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable.In some moods Nature shares it.There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer，no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty，a vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed，and in passing leaves an indefinable longing and regret.But，if this world is not merely a bad joke，life a vulgar flare amid the cool radiance of the stars，and existence an empty laugh braying across the mysteries:if these intimations of a something behind and beyond are not evil humour born of indigestion，or whimsies sent by the devil to mock and madden us;if，in a word，beauty means something，yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning.If we glimpse the unutterable，it is unwise to try to utter it，nor should we seek to invest with significance that which we cannot grasp.Beauty in terms of our human meanings is meaningless．