资料性文摘

3.5.2　资料性文摘

资料性文摘（informative abstract）是译出原文提供的主要情境和基本事实，或译出原文讨论的主题范围、研究对象（装置、流程、工艺、材料、病况等）、原理、试验研究的手段、方法、结果和结论，并译出主要数据、公式和图表。资料性文摘相对较长（按原文长度的比例而言），一般情况下，读者不看原文，即可从文摘中获得主要资料。例如：

Hormones Could Curb Broken Hips in Women

By Oliver Gillie，Medical Editor

Women who have passed through the menopause should consider taking extra female hormones to prevent bone fractures，the Royal College of Physicians said yesterday．

Its advice follows a two-fold increase in hip fractures in old people over the past 20 years.The increase is probably the result of changes in lifestyle，particularly a decline in the amount of exercise people take．

More than 46，000 people a year suffer hip fractures in England and Wales and about a quarter die as a result.Many more never regain full mobility.The hospital costs are about ￡160 a year，the college says in a new report.

Women are most vulnerable after the age of 50 because calcium lost from bones more rapidly when female hormones decline after the menopause.Hip fractures are most common in older women：almost 60 percent occur in women over 75．

Middle-aged women vary in the amount of calcium lost from their bones；one third suffer heavy losses，making them much more vulnerable to fractures．These women may be detected by screening methods which involve shining a light beam through the wrist，but this method is not widely available.

Dr.John Kanis，reader in human metabolism at Sheffield University，said，“Female hormones help to prevent loss of calcium from bones．After the menopause some female hormone is still produced in body fat but thin women produce very little female hormone and so they should have hormone replacement therapy［extra female hormones］．

“Women who have their ovaries removed surgically and women who have a premature menopause［while they are in their early 40s or younger］should have hormone replacement therapy because they start losing calcium from their bones earlier.

“Heavy smokers and heavy drinkers should also have hormonereplacement therapy because they produce less female hormonenaturally．”

However，medical opinion differs on the therapy.Sir Raymond-Hoffenberg，president of the college，said，“It is advisable for all women over 50 to have hormone replacement therapy，except for certain women who should not take it because there is an increased risk of breast cancer if close relatives have had the disease.”

However，loss of calcium can also be prevented by taking exercise and eating foods rich in calcium（best sources：milk and milk products，canned fish eaten with bones，dark-green leafy vegetables）．

Fractured Neck of Femur: Prevention and Management.Royal College of Physicians，11 St.Andrews Place，London，NW14E.

英国皇家医学院建议绝经后的妇女应考虑额外摄取雌性激素以预防骨折。过去20年，老年人髋部骨折病例增加两倍。在英格兰和威尔士两地，每年有46 000多人患髋部骨折，其中约1/4因此丧生，有更多人活动功能受阻。50岁以上妇女易致髋部骨折，因为绝经后雌性激素水平下降，骨内钙质迅速损耗。其中，75岁以上妇女的病例约占60%。在如何治疗方面，医学家意见有分歧。

文摘提供病因、病况及预治方法，并摘录主要数据。