十八、英语倍数的特殊表达法
1．倍数+ as...as
英语通常用倍数+ as...as结构来表达“几倍于”。翻译包括比较对象的原有数，译为“是……的x倍”。如译为“比……（多/大）x倍”，则将其倍数减一。例如：
The price of a scooter is seven times as high as that of a bicycle.
轻便摩托车的售价相当于自行车的7倍。
On the earth everything is six times as heavy as on the moon.
地球上每件东西的重量为月球上的6倍。
Your wrist-watch is nearly three times as expensive as mine.
你的手表的价格几乎比我的贵两倍。
The resistance of iron is almost six times as much as that of copper.铁的电阻率几乎是铜的6倍。=铁的电阻率几乎比铜的大5倍。
This substance reacts three times as fast as the other one.
这个物质的反应速度是另一物质的3倍。=这个物质的反应速度比另一物质快两倍。
2．倍数+比较级+ than
倍数+比较级+ than结构是英语中常见且又常用的一种结构，译为“是……的x倍”。例如：
Iron is almost three times heavier than aluminum.
铁的重量几乎是铝的3倍。
The volume of the earth is49 times larger than that of the moon.
地球的体积是月球的49倍。
We’re now building in ten times more fish than we did then.
我们现在的捕鱼量是那时候的10倍。
3.倍数+名词/ that of
倍数+名词/ that of是英语中表达倍数的常见结构。该结构可与倍数+ as...as结构互换使用，译法与上述结构相同。例如：
The tank is nine times the size of a farm tractor.
这种坦克在体积上是农用拖拉机的9倍。
Your house is three times the size of mine.
你的房子是我房子的3倍大小。
The volume of the sun is 330，000 times that of the earth.
太阳的体积是地球的330，000倍。
The weight of the proton is about1837 times that of the electron.
质子的重量约为电子的1837倍。
Yours is ten times the size of mine.
= Yours is tem times as large as mine.你的是我的10倍大。
4．half as...as
half as...as是as...as结构表示倍数的一种特殊形式，表示程度相差半倍，译为“是……的一半”“比……一半”。但必须注 意，译为“比……一半”时，要把英语中的形容词或副词译成相反的意思。例如：
The pipe is half as long as that one.
这根管子是那根的一半长。=这根管子比那根短一半。
The output power of this engine is half as great as that of the ther one.
这台发动机的输出功率是那台的一半大。
=这台发动机的输出功率比那台小一半。
I have only half as many books as he.
我的书只有他的一半。
5．half as...again as
half as...again as结构与half as...as结构一样，是表示倍数的特殊形式，译为“是……的一倍半”“比……（多/大）半倍”。例如：
The bed of this lathe is half as long again as that of the other one.这台车床床身的长度是那台的一倍半。
This machine turns half as fast again as that one.
这台机器转动得比那台机器快半倍。
The mug is half as large again as an ordinary cup.
这个啤酒杯比一般杯子大一半。
I guess he has half as many books again as I.
我想他的书比我多一半。
6．half as much/many again
half as much/many again是half as...again as结构的简化形式，常译为“（加）半倍”“（……的）一倍半”。例如：
Taxi fares there have been increased by half as much again.
那里的出租汽车车费已增加了半倍。
I want half as much again.我要一倍半。
7．as...again as
as...again as结构实际上也是as...as表示倍数的一种特殊形式。此处的again是副词，用来修饰前面的形容词或副词，表示“再一倍”的意思，译为“比……（多/大）一倍”。例如：
I have chosen as many courses of study again as you.
我选的课程比你的多一倍。
This year our brigade’s grain output is as much again as last year.
今年本大队粮食产量比去年增加了一倍。
She earns as much again as I do.她赚的钱比我多一倍。
He is as old again as you.他的年龄比你大一倍。
8．数词+ times结构，数词+ fold结构，by a factor of+数词结构
上述结构常与increase，raise，exceed等动词连用，表示倍数，一般译为“是……的x倍”“比……（多/大）x倍”。
（1）数词+ times结构。例如：
With the result of automation productivity has increased 6 times in that factory.
自动化使那家工厂的生产率增加了5倍。
=自动化使那家工厂的生产率增加到6倍。
The production of various transistors has been increased four times as against1979.各种晶体管的产量比1979年增加了3倍。
（2）数词+ fold结构。例如：
The machine improves the working conditions and raises efficiency four-fold.
这台机器改善了劳动条件，使工效提高了3倍。
Since the voltage is increased one hundred fold，the current drops by the same proportion to one-hundredth.
由于电压增加到100倍，电流按同样比例下降百分之一。
（3）by a factor of+数词结构。例如：
The speed exceeds the average speed by a factor of 2.5.
该速度超过平均速度一倍半。
The measurement further indicates that the fading rate exceeds the medium value by a factor of about 7 at 460mc.And by a factor of about3.5 at411mc.
测量结果进一步表明，减弱率在460兆赫时超过中值约6倍，在411兆赫时超过中值约2.5倍。
9．double（treble，quadruple）+宾语
double，treble和quadruple作动词用时，也表示倍数。由于汉语有两种不同的表达方式，加之两者正好相差一倍，故在翻译时，要多加注 意。double译为“增加一倍”“是……的两倍”；treble译为“增加两倍”“是……的三倍”；quadruple译为“增加三倍”“是……的四倍”。例如：
Money in the bank earning good interest will double itself in a few years.在银行中的保值存款，几年内将增加一倍。
Import doubles export in value.进口额是出口额的两倍。
The part time job shall double his income.
做那件零活会使他的收入增加一倍。
Its value has trebled.它的价值已增加了两倍。
If you treble the distance between two objects，their gravitational attraction gets nine times weaker.
如果你使两物体的距离增大两倍，那么它们之间的万有引力就减弱九分之八。
Halving the repeater spacing made it possible to quadruple the bandwidth.增音机间隔缩小一半，就能使带宽增加3倍。
10．twice+名词
twice+名词结构可直接译为“是……的两倍”，也可表达抽象的概念。例如：
He eats twice the amount you eat/what you eat.
他吃的是你的两倍。
He is twice the man he was.他比过去强壮了一倍。
She has twice the courage he has.论胆量，她还胜他一筹。
11．twice over
twice over结构常常放在句尾以加强语气，译为“……的两倍”。例如：
The tourists gazed into the wishing well，they had flung in enough coins to have paid for their drink twice over.
这些旅行者注视着如愿井，他们已投入的硬币，足够付他们饮料费两倍。
It was stupid of you not to have taken measurements first. You’ve bought enough paper to cover the walls twice over.
你真傻，应该先丈量一下墙面。你买的纸足够贴两倍大的墙面。
注 意
英语中有许多表示倍数的结构和表达法。由于英汉两种语言有其不同的表达习惯，故而在倍数的表达与译法上都存在着较大的差异。因此，在翻译倍数时必须谨慎处理，以免译错。
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