试讲时复述文本能看教案吗

二、交替传译技能课内练习：源语复述训练

1．请用源语复述以下短文。听录音，在停顿处开始复述。不可用笔记。在复述的过程中，学会使用文本理解、言语类型分析、主题思想识别、分类、总结、比较、描绘等策略。

Vocabulary

UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities　联合国人口活动基金

reproductive health　生育健康

safe motherhood　安全孕期

family planning　计划生育

Millennium Development Goals　《千年发展目标》

Population Issues Overview

UNFPA promotes the human right of every woman，man and child to enjoy a life of health and equal opportunity．In many parts of the world，extreme poverty subjects women and men to a lack of real choices，opportunities and the basic services needed to improve their situations．Women often suffer disproportionately，due to violence，discrimination and the burden of poor reproductive health，which is the leading cause of death and disability for women in their reproductive years．//

Every minute，one woman dies during pregnancy and birth because she did not receive adequate care and prompt treatment．By increasing interventions for safe motherhood，we can save the lives of half a million women and seven million infants，and prevent millions of women from suffering from infections，injury and disability each year．//

Perhaps nowhere is the need for reproductive health services more urgent than in the fight against HIV/AIDS．Every day，14，000 people are newly infected，and half are young people under the age of 25．Many know little about the disease and how the virus is transmitted．Young women are especially vulnerable and are more likely to be infected than young men．Reproductive health services that empower women and young people with life-saving information and skills will help prevent HIV from spreading and reduce further suffering and social and economic disruption．//

We must also step up efforts for family planning，which has a direct impact on maternal health．When couples can choose the number，timing and spacing of their children，they are better able to ensure there are enough resources for each family member to prosper and thrive．Worldwide，families are having half as many children today as they did in the 1960s，but fertility remains high in the poorest countries．// At least 200 million women still do not have access to a range of effective and affordable family planning services，and demand for these services is expected to increase by 40 percent in the next 15 years．Meanwhile，funding for family planning has been declining in recent years．//

UNFPA supports countries in using data for policies and programmes to address the complex linkages between population dynamics，poverty and sustainable development．Directing more resources to all of these issues is critical to meeting the Millennium Development Goals，the internationally agreed framework to halve poverty by the year 2015．//

2．请用源语复述以下短文。听录音，在停顿处开始复述。不可用笔记。在复述的过程中，学会使用文本理解、言语类型分析、主题思想识别、分类、总结、比较、描绘等策略。

Vocabulary

on behalf of　我谨代表……

pay tribute to　向……表示敬意

common ground　共同的原因，共同的立场

close the gulf between us　弥合彼此之间的鸿沟

Speech by American President Nixon at Welcoming Banquet（excerpts） February 21，1972

Mr．Prime Minister and all of your distinguished guests this evening，

On behalf of all of your American guests，I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world．I particularly want to pay tribute，not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner，but also to those who have provided the splendid music．Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land．//

Mr．Prime Minister，I wish to thank you for your very gracious and eloquent remarks．At this very moment through the wonder of telecommunications，more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other such occasion in the whole history of the world．Yet，what we say here will not be long remembered．What we do here can change the world．//

As you said in your toast，the Chinese people are a great people，the American people are a great people．If our two peoples are enemies，the future of this world we share together is dark indeed．But if we can find common ground to work together，the chance for world peace is immeasurably increased．//

In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week，let us recognize at the outset these points：We have at times in the past been enemies．We have great differences today．What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences．As we discuss our differences，neither of us will compromise our principles．But while we can not close the gulf between us，we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to talk across it．//

So let us，in these next five days，start a long march together，not in lockstep，but on different roads leading to the same goal，the goal of building a world structure of peace and justice in which all may stand together with equal dignity and in which each nation，large or small，has a right to determine its own form of government，free of outside interference or domination．//The world watches．The world listens．The world waits to see what we will do．What is the world？In a personal sense，I think of my eldest daughter whose birthday is today．As I think of her，I think of all the children in the world，in Asian，in Africa，in Europe，in the Americas，most of whom were born since the date of the foundation of the People's Republic of China．//

Chairman Mao has written，“So many deeds cry out to be done，and always urgently；the world rolls on，time presses．Ten thousand years are too long，seize the day，seize the hour！”//

This is the hour．This is the day for our two peoples to rise to the heights of greatness which can build a new and a better world．//

In this spirit，I ask all of you present to join me in raising your glasses to Chairman Mao，to Prime Minister Zhou，and to the friendship of the Chinese and American people which can lead to friendship and peace for all people in the world．//

难点分析

上述两篇短文分别属于论证言语文本和礼仪演说文本类型，论证言语文本是为了向听众或读者阐述作者的主要观点，并试图说服听众或读者接受其观点，其基本结构形式为大主题包括若干分主题，而分主题又包括若干论据，这些论据和分主题共同构筑大主题。礼仪演说文本主要是为了表达演讲人的情感和情绪。在练习以上两篇短文时，口译学习者应该准确地把握这两篇短文的文本结构形式，识别主题思想，分清逻辑关系，促进理解。以第二篇短文为例，该文的主题是祝贺中美关系建交。讲话人首先表达对东道主热情款待的感谢“On behalf of all of your American guest，I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world．I particularly want to pay tribute，not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner，but also to those who have provided the splendid music．Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land”。而后，讲话人直接进入主题指出中美关系的建交和健康发展对于维护中美两国和世界和平的重要意义，指出①中美维持良好关系会改变世界，②具有不同意识形态的国家同样可以为了维护世界和平和谐相处，③中美两国建交对青少年的影响。最后，讲话人指出现在正是关键的时刻，中美两国及时地利用这样的机会建立外交关系是审时度势和高瞻远瞩的行为。在演说结束之时，讲话人再一次邀请在座宾朋举杯感谢东道主的热情款待“In this spirit，I ask all of you present to join me in raising your glasses to Chairman Mao，to Prime Minister Zhou，and to the friendship of the Chinese and American people which can lead to friendship and peace for all people in the world”。口译学习者要学会掌握文本类型的特点，对不同的文本进行分析，及时识别主题思想，理清逻辑关系，促进理解。

三、课外补充练习

1．听录音，将以下句子翻译成中文。注意英语句子结构，分清主语、谓语、宾语和其他成分，理清句子主干，帮助理解。不可用笔记。

1）In addressing issues related to the well-being of the people，the focus of our efforts should be on the disadvantaged groups，because these groups are fairly large，particularly in rural areas．The speed of a flotilla is not determined by the fastest ship，but the slowest one．Unless the well-being of the disadvantaged groups is improved，the well-being of the whole society won't be improved．

2）The“urban footprint”stretches far beyond city boundaries．Cities influence and are affected by broader environmental considerations．Proactive policies for sustainability will also be important in view of climate change and the considerable proportion of urban concentrations at or near sea level．

3）Protecting the environment and managing ecosystem services in future urban expansion requires purposeful management of space in advance of needs．

4）The current fertility rate is 1.3 babies per woman，far below the level needed to maintain the population，while the government estimates that 40 percent of the population will be over 65 by 2055，raising concerns about who will look after the greying population．

5）Development economists have shown that more educated and literate adults/ parents have healthier lives，reduced fertility and less disease-prone children with more nutritious diets．

2．听录音，在停顿处用源语开始复述。在复述的过程中，学会使用文本理解、言语类型分析、主题思想识别、分类、总结、比较、描绘等策略。不可用笔记。

Vocabulary

urbanization　城市化

demographic processes　人口变化过程

mega-cities　特大型城市

Urban Population

These are all obviously important questions，but they shrink in comparison with the problems raised by the impending future growth of the urban population．Up to now，policymakers and civil society organizations have reacted to challenges as they arise．This is no longer enough．A pre-emptive approach is needed if urbanization in developing countries is to help solve social and environmental problems，rather than make them catastrophically worse．//

The present Report thus attempts to look beyond current problems，real，urgent and poignant though they are．Yet，it is also a call to action．The Report tries to grasp the implications of the imminent doubling of the developing world's urban population and discusses what needs to be done to prepare for this massive increase．It looks more closely at the demographic processes underlying urban growth in developing areas and their policy implications．It specifically examines the consequences of the urban transition for poverty reduction and sustainability．//

It surveys the differing conditions and needs of poor urban women and men，and the obstacles they face as they strive to claim their rights and realize their potential as productive members of the new urban world．//

Although mega-cities have received most of the attention，conditions in smaller urban areas call for even greater consideration．Contrary to general belief，the bulk of urban population growth is likely to be in smaller cities and towns，whose capabilities for planning and implementation can be exceedingly weak．Yet the worldwide process of decentralizing governmental powers is heaping greater responsibility on them．As the population of smaller cities increases，their thin managerial and planning capacities come under mounting stress．New ways will have to be found to equip them to plan ahead for expansion，to use their resources sustainably and to deliver essential services．//

One of the Report's key observations is that poor people will make up a large part of future urban growth．This simple fact has generally been overlooked，at great cost．Most urban growth now stems from natural increase（more births than deaths） rather than migration．But wherever it comes from，the growth of urban areas includes huge numbers of poor people．Ignoring this basic reality will make it impossible either to plan for inevitable and massive city growth or to use urban dynamics to help relieve poverty．//