演讲技巧训练

二、交替传译技能课内练习：演讲技巧训练

1．请用源语复述以下短文。听录音，在停顿处开始复述。注意语言表达能力和态势语言。

Vocabulary

the IOC：The International Olympic Committee　国际奥委会

the Games of the Olympiad　奥运会

the Olympic Winter Games　冬季奥运会

the IOC Session　国际奥委会会议

the International Federation　国际联盟

the Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games　奥委会组织委员会

Olympic Program

The“Olympic Program”is the program of sports，disciplines and events decided by the IOC for the Games of the Olympiad and the Olympic Winter Games．The Games of the Olympiad must contain at least fifteen Olympic sports．No such minimum exists for the Olympic Winter Games，which are reserved for sports practiced on snow or ice．//

The admission or exclusion of a sport falls within the competence of the IOC Session．A decision to include or exclude a discipline or event falls within the competence of the IOC Executive Board．//

To be included in the Program for the Olympic Games，an Olympic sport or discipline must fulfill the following criteria：for the Games of the Olympiad，only sports/disciplines widely practiced by men in at least 75 countries and on four continents，and by women in at least 40 countries and on three continents may be included；for the Olympic Winter Games，only sports/disciplines widely practiced in at least 25 countries and on three continents may be included．//

An event，being a competition in an Olympic sport or in one of its disciplines and resulting in a ranking，gives rise to the award of medals and diplomas．To be included in the Program，an event must，first and foremost，enjoy a recognized position internationally in both numerical and geographical terms and have featured at least twice in world or continental championships．//

Sports，disciplines or events in which performance depends essentially on mechanical propulsion are not acceptable．//

Apart from exceptional circumstances，the Program of sports and disciplines is finalized seven years before each Olympic Games，and the Program of events is finalized four years before the Games．//

Subject to the agreement of the International Federation concerned and the Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games，the IOC may depart from these time limits in order to include a discipline or event in the Program．//

The Centennial Olympic Congress，the“Congress of Unity”，held in Paris in 1994，recommended that the principal criteria for inclusion in the Olympic Program should be the universality and popularity of the sports．The Congress Final Document also added that，in order to evolve，the Olympic Program should also take into consideration the development of sports in contemporary society，as well as respecting certain traditions．//

2．请用源语复述以下短文。听录音，在停顿处开始复述。注意语言表达能力和态势语言。

Vocabulary

infectious diseases　传染性疾病

drug-resistant　耐药性

equitable vaccine access　获得平等的注射疫苗的机会

malaria-related deaths　与疟疾相关联的死亡

mortality rates　死亡率

nutrition and immunization　营养和免疫

inadequate dietary intake　饮食不足量

Health and Infectious Diseases

Among health concerns，infectious diseases are having a devastating impact on school systems worldwide．For the past few decades，new diseases have been emerging at the unprecedented rate of one per year，and other known diseases are likely to evolve to drug-resistant strains．HIV/AIDS，tuberculosis and malaria present the most important challenges in terms of morbidity，treatment costs and equitable vaccine access．//These three diseases are responsible for about 6 million deaths worldwide each year，mostly in transition and developing countries．The situation is particularly critical in sub-Saharan Africa，which accounts for 63％of the global HIV-infected population，89％of malaria-related deaths and twelve of the fifteen countries with the highest tuberculosis incidence rates worldwide．//Women increasingly carry the burden of HIV/AIDS，either through infection or as caretakers．HIV prevalence and AIDS-related deaths are expected to rise in some of the world's most populous countries leading to increasing or stagnant mortality rates．//

Meeting basic health concerns，including nutrition and immunization，is also critical for reaching school enrolment and attendance targets and for effective learning among children in school．Nutrition policies have helped reduce hunger worldwide since 1990，but 800 million people in developing countries remain malnourished as the result of disease or inadequate dietary intake．//Several international partnerships have advanced efforts towards universal vaccination coverage，but this has yet to be achieved for all major immunizable diseases．The presence of a sick household member，combined with social and economic inequalities，can affect a child's ability to attend school in multiple ways．For example，HIV/AIDS has been devastating for households as well as the agricultural labour force，as both affected individuals and non-affected family members often stop working．A family can no longer afford the cost for a child to attend school or to forgo the opportunity cost of child labour．//Moreover，poor households are at risk of entering the“medical poverty trap”whereby they cannot afford to treat their ailments or they borrow beyond their means to cover health care expenses．Orphans often face many disadvantages，such as the loss of inheritable property and the lack of adult supervision，and a great higher risk than non-orphans of discrimination，social exclusion，dropping out of school and poor access to basic health care．//

难点分析

口译学习者须掌握必要的演讲技巧以更好地完成对源语信息的传递。以“Health and Infectious Diseases”一文为例。首先在演讲该短文时，突出重点“传染性疾病与人类健康的关系”，而后注重对论据的阐述“传染性疾病对学校教育的影响”（“Among health concerns，infectious diseases are having a devastating impact on school systems worldwide”），“满足基本的医疗保障需求是解决问题的关键”（“Meeting basic health concerns，including nutrition and immunization，is also critical for reaching school enrolment and attendance targets and for effective learning among children in school”）。学习者在演讲该短文时，需注意发言节奏、音色和语调，并与听众保持目光交流，关注听众的反应，随时调整自己的演讲状态，更有效地传递源语文本信息。