译前准备和专有名词传译训练

二、交替传译技能课内练习：译前准备和专有名词传译训练

1．传译以下短文。听录音，在停顿处开始传译。请根据译前准备的材料准确传译其中的专有名词。

Vocabulary

World Health Organization　（WHO）世界卫生组织

influenza　流感

pandemic　全国（全世界）流行的（疾病）

Three Crises Affecting Human Health

A yearly meeting of all the member countries in the World Health Organization is held this week in Geneva，Switzerland．Delegates from the one hundred ninety-three countries discuss progress and set policy for the coming year．The WHO，a United Nations agency，is sixty years old this year．//

Director-General Margaret Chan said three crises lie ahead that are international security threats and will all affect human health．One is food shortage，another is climate change and the third is the threat of a worldwide outbreak of influenza．//

She said the world produces enough food to feed everyone—in fact，she added，far too many people are overfed．Yet now，food prices have risen sharply．She noted that the crisis hits the poor the hardest，and that the more a family spends on food，the less it has for health care．//

The WHO chief said climate change will also hit the poor the hardest but，to a greater or lesser extent，will affect all countries．She said more droughts，floods and storms mean greater demands for humanitarian aid．And she warned it will mean a growing number of environmental refugees．//

And，thirdly，Doctor Chan warned of a continued threat of pandemic influenza．She said it would be very unwise for governments not to prepare．She urged delegates to support a WHO resolution on the sharing of influenza viruses for research and to make vaccines widely available．//

2．传译以下短文。听录音，在停顿处开始传译。请根据译前准备的材料准确传译其中的专有名词。

Vocabulary

Director General　总干事

General Council　（世贸组织）总理事会

Ministerial Conference　部长级大会

World Trade Organization　世界贸易组织（简称WTO）

entrepreneurial　企业家的，企业性质的

multilateral trade system　多边贸易体系

contracting party　关贸总协定的缔约方

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade　关税与贸易总协定

Basic Law　《基本法》（这里指的是中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法）

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region　香港特别行政区

Doha Development Agenda　多哈发展议程

District Councilors　区议员

NGO（Non-Governmental Organization）　非政府组织

endeavor　努力

juncture　接合，接合点；时刻，场合，关键时刻，危急之时

Speech by Hong Kong Chief Executive at Inaugural Session of Hong Kong Ministerial Conference of World Trade Organization（excerpts）

Distinguished Ministers，Director General Mr．Lamy，Chair of the General Council Your Excellency Ambassador Mohamed，Honorable Delegates and Guests，Ladies and Gentlemen，//

First of all，I wish to extend a warm Hong Kong welcome to all of you．Hong Kong，China is deeply honored to be the host of the Sixth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization．//

I can't over-emphasize the importance of the WTO to Hong Kong．As a small，externally-oriented economy with no natural resources other than a magnificent deep water port，Hong Kong has relied on free trade and an entrepreneurial and hardworking population to transform this once sleepy fishing village into an international and regional business hub．//

As a free trader，our support for the multilateral trading system is unconditional．And it goes back a long way．We became a separate contracting party to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in 1986．We were a founding member of the WTO in 1995．Our membership did not change after reunification in 1997．//Indeed，Hong Kong's continued participation in the WTO，and in international trade agreements under the name of“Hong Kong，China”，is enshrined in the Basic Law，the constitution of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region．We treasure the certainty，protection and benefits that the WTO brings to our economy and community．//

We offered to host this Sixth WTO Ministerial Conference because we recognized that it would become a key staging post to the successful conclusion of the multilateral trade negotiations under the Doha Development Agenda．We want to play our part in the collective effort to realize the ambitions of the Round．//

We regard the WTO members'acceptance of our offer as recognition of our contribution to the multilateral trading system，and an acknowledgement of our competence as a world city in handling whatever challenges that may arise from the Ministerial Conference．//

We in Hong Kong are determined to make this important event a success．Thousands of men and women in our community—civil servants，legislators，District Councilors，NGO members，business leaders，service providers，volunteers，and citizens of Hong Kong—have been working tirelessly since the WTO accepted our offer to host this conference two years ago．We have a common objective：we want to stage a conference that is well organized，transparent，inclusive，and above all，efficient．The fruits of this community-wide endeavor are now before you．//

Ladies and gentlemen，we are at an historic juncture．Trade liberalization and economic growth is a permanent goal for all of us as the WTO members．While I acknowledge that in some parts of the world this goal is seen as a threat rather than an opportunity，the negotiations under the Doha Development Agenda must press ahead．We must vigorously defend the integrity and effectiveness of the multilateral trading system．//

This conference is a golden opportunity for us to demonstrate our collective resolve to improve the lives of peoples throughout the world through progressive trade liberalization．That is what we committed ourselves to do when the Round was launched four years ago in Doha．//

This week，all eyes are on Hong Kong．As host and chair of the conference，we will do our utmost to bring about a successful outcome．But we cannot do it ourselves．We are relying on your support and commitment to accomplish this mission．I am sure it will be forthcoming．Thank you！//

难点分析

1）“I can't over-emphasize the importance of the WTO to Hong Kong．”

这句话形式上是否定句，但意思是肯定的，强调了WTO对香港的重要性，可以直接翻译成“世贸组织对香港的重要性不容置疑”，或“世贸组织对香港的重要性非比寻常”。在记笔记的时候，也不要受字面表达的影响，用表示否定的符号记录，而要在理解了全句意思以后，用强调符号表示世贸组织对香港的重要性。其他类似的表达还有当can't与形容词或副词的比较级形式连用时，其作用往往不在于否定谓语动词，而是在于加强全句的语气。例如：“The job couldn't have been easier．”“那件工作再容易不过了。”此外，“not...too much”也表示强调。例如：“I can't praise this film too much．”“这部电影无论怎样赞扬也不过分。”不能翻译为：“我不能过分地赞扬这部电影。”

2）“We regard the WTO members'acceptance of our offer as recognition of our contribution to the multilateral trading system，and an acknowledgement of our competence as a world city in handling whatever challenges that may arise from the Ministerial Conference．”本句的主干结构为“We regard...as recognition...and an acknowledgement...”，翻译的时候要灵活改变词性，将“acceptance”，“recognition”，“acknowledgement”等英语名词翻译成汉语的动词，另外在翻译“offer”的时候，要结合上下文，译为“主办申请”或“主办本次部长会议的申请”。