中国敦促欧盟取消对自行车征收的反倾销税

快速阅读2　中国敦促欧盟取消对自行车征收的反倾销税

布鲁塞尔消息——周四，中国自行车制造商敦促欧盟取消对其产品已征收长达 17年之久的反倾销税。

周四，欧盟委员会举行了听证会，讨论是否再征收五年的反倾销税。与会前，中国自行车制造商的代表们在一份声明中指出，“再将这些针对中国进口商品而采取的反倾销措施延期，旨在保护欧盟的自行车业，但欧盟的自行车行业不应受到此种优待”。

自从1993年，欧洲自行车制造商协会指控中国自行车制造商向欧盟倾销，将他们挤出市场，欧盟即对从中国进口的自行车征收了反倾销税。

欧委会在征税期满时进行调查，找到确凿证据后，分别在2000年和2005年将征税续期了两次。这是欧盟对中国产品采取反倾销措施最久的案例之一。

欧盟的反倾销措施通常为期五年，除非经过复查认定，如果停止征税，倾销或损害就很可能继续或再次发生，否则征税将自动停止。

在过去的17年中，欧洲自行车制造商协会还采用各种方式，将反倾销措施应用的范围拓宽至自行车零件，并提高了税率。

最初的税率为36%，2005年增至48.5%。有效减少了中国自行车的进口，从20世纪90年代初期的每年300多万辆降至如今的约70万辆。

考虑到今年这些措施即将终止，欧洲自行车制造商协会发起了另一起投诉案，要求欧盟继续征收反倾销税，为期五年。因此，在7月进行了一次期满调查。

中国代表团团长、中国机电产品进出口商会的高层主管张培生表示，“欧洲自行车制造商协会的指控没有事实根据，有误导作用”。

一位代表中国制造商的律师对欧盟自行车业提起的损害索赔提出质疑。他说，尽管身处经济危机和日益激烈的竞争之中，欧盟自行车产业却享有了更高的利润率和更大的市场份额。

有数字显示，尽管面对亚洲进口商品强有力的竞争，欧洲自行车产业仍十分坚挺，制造了欧盟消费市场所需的超过60%的自行车。

张培生说，17年的征税保护欧盟的制造商躲避了全球竞争，也削弱了他们的斗志，使他们愈加没有竞争力。“他们几乎没有采取任何有效的步骤进行产业重组、提高成本效率，这自然会让他们惧怕来自中国的竞争。”

缺乏竞争意味着，欧洲的消费者不得不支付更高的、不合理的价格，只为让这个无效率、无竞争力可言的产业勉强存活。他们选择更优质产品的权利被剥夺了。

据张培生所言，欧盟市场上所销售自行车的平均价格比美国高出三分之一左右。

他还说，反倾销措施与欧盟内部进行的“绿色交通”运动背道而驰。“欧盟的决策者必须要以事实真相为依据，起到正确的指导作用。”

练习答案

I.

1. Three methods to calculate a product’s “normal value”. The main one is based on the price in the exporter’s domestic market. Two alternatives are the price at which the product is sold to a third country， and the “constructed value” of the product， which is calculated on the basis of the cost of production， plus selling， general， and administrative expenses， and profits.

2. WTO members can impose anti-dumping measures， if， after investigation in accordance with the Agreement， a determination is made (a) that dumping is occurring， (b) that the domestic industry producing the like product in the importing country is suffering material

injury， and (c) that there is a causal link between the two.

3. Typically anti-dumping action means charging extra import duty on the particular product from the particular exporting country in order to bring its price closer to the “normal value”or to remove the injury to domestic industry in the importing country.

4. Anti-dumping can regulate the situation arising out of the dumping of goods and its trade distortive effect and re-establish fair trade， providing relief to the domestic industry against the injury caused by dumping.

5. One way is to enhance the technological contents of the export products and added value to strengthen their competitiveness for export so as to win high price by high quality. Enterprises should also make an earnest study of the related laws in alien lands and foster a group of anti-dumping professionals as soon as possible.

II. 1. c 2. e 3. a 4. g 5. b 6. h 7. i 8. d 9. j 10. f

III.

如果在本国市场上的售价超过了在进口国市场上的售价，那么在这个售价上就存在着倾销差额。根据《1994年关贸总协定》第六条和《反倾销协定》，如果根据协议调查后，确定了（1）倾销正在发生，（2）进口国生产相似产品的国内产业在遭受物质损害，（3）两者有因果关系，世贸组织成员就可以强制采取反倾销措施。典型的反倾销行动的手段就是对特定出口国的特定产品额外征收进口税，以便使产品价格接近“正常值”或消除对进口国国内产业的损害。

IV.

1. The US has accused Japan of dumping mini-vans here in America.

2. Anti-dumping is one of legitimate methods permitted by WTO to resist unfair competition from abroad.

3. The government shall have the authority to adopt prompt and effective provisional measures where appropriate.

4. One of the protection measures is to levy anti-subsidy duties against imported goods.

5. In the past， many Chinese companies were reluctant to participate in foreign anti-dumping proceedings.

V. Omitted

快速阅读1

I. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T

II. 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A

快速阅读2

I.

1. To decide whether they should keep the duties in place for another five years.

2. Because the European Bicycle Manufacturers Association (EMBA) accused the Chinese bicycle producers of dumping in the EU and squeezing them out of the market.

3. A review is initiated and determines that if they were to expire， dumping and injury would probably continue or recur.

4. It has reduced imports of Chinese bicycles from over three million annually in early 1990s to around 700 thousand now.

5. Because they hardly took any steps effectively in restructuring the industry and improving their cost efficiency.

II. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T