中国国家主席胡锦涛出席二十国集团首尔峰会

快速阅读2　中国国家主席胡锦涛出席二十国集团首尔峰会

周五，中国国家主席胡锦涛同其他二十国集团成员领导人集聚一堂，共同讨论解决全球经济在持续复苏中遇到的挑战，制订执行方案，以实现世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长。

胡锦涛主席曾出席过2008年二十国集团的华盛顿峰会，2009年的伦敦和匹兹堡峰会，还有6月刚刚举行的多伦多峰会，此次将在韩国首都首尔召开的第五次峰会中就即将讨论的重要议题陈述中方立场。

在首尔峰会中，各国领导人将讨论世界经济形势，“强劲、可持续、平衡增长框架”，国际金融机构改革，加强国际金融监管，全球金融安全网和发展等问题。

上周二，胡锦涛主席在接受韩国媒体联合书面采访时曾表示，“即将在韩国首尔召开的二十国集团领导人峰会首次在新兴市场国家和亚洲举行，这对二十国集团机制的发展具有重要意义”。

胡锦涛指出，首尔峰会应主要抓住以下问题：

——继续本着“同舟共济”精神和互利共赢原则，加强宏观经济政策协调，向市场发出二十国集团成员团结一致应对世界经济重大挑战的积极信号，提振市场信心，巩固世界经济复苏势头。

——推动国际金融体系改革，加强国际金融市场监管，增加新兴市场国家和发展中国家在国际金融机构中的发言权和代表性。

——推动解决南北发展不平衡问题，为落实联合国千年发展目标提供政治支持。

——反对贸易保护主义，推动世贸组织多哈回合谈判取得全面均衡的成果，实现发展回合目标。

二十国集团领导人峰会先后举行四次，制定了应对国际金融危机的举措，在推动世界经济恢复增长、稳定国际金融市场、提振民众和企业信心方面发挥了重要作用。

六月在多伦多会面时，二十国集团领导人达成共识：当务之急是巩固和促进复苏，为经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长奠定基础，加强金融体系。

主办方韩国表示，首尔峰会中，二十国集团领导人将在以往峰会成果基础上，为实现共同的根本目标，提出新的议题。

二十国集团成立于1999年，由重要的发达国家和发展中国家组成，主要讨论全球经济的关键问题。其成员包括：阿根廷、澳大利亚、巴西、英国、加拿大、中国、法国、德国、印度、印度尼西亚、意大利、日本、墨西哥、俄罗斯、沙特阿拉伯、南非、韩国、土耳其、美国以及欧盟。二十国集团国民生产总值的总量约占全世界的90%，总贸易额达到全世界的80%（包括欧盟的内部贸易），人口也将近世界总人口的2/3。

练习答案

I.

1. 1951： the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)

1957： the European Atomic Energy Community (Euroatom) and the European Economic

Community (EEC) (the Treaties of Rome)

1967： the European Community (EC)

Thus， the European Union (EU) (the Treaty of Maastricht)

2. The European Commission is the core institution that runs the day to day business and the only European institution that can draft legislation.

The European Parliament provides a democratic forum for debate. It has a watchdog function and also plays a part in the legislative process.

The Council of the European Union is the main decision-making institution.

The European Court of Justice adjudicates on disputes relating to EU powers and decision making.

3. One prime benefit of NAFTA is that goods shipped between the three countries have labels printed in three languages： French， Spanish， and English. Another is that the NAFTA agreement also encourages greater immigration between the three countries.

4. Not exactly. The EU， like NAFTA， is an economic union that fosters greater trade and cooperation between a large handful of the countries of Europe. EU members， however， have a common currency “Euro”， while NAFTA members do not. Also， the EU has a political element and its own government， neither of which NAFTA has.

5. APEC is the only inter-governmental grouping in the world operating on the basis of non-binding commitments， open dialogue and equal respect for the views of all participants. Unlike the WTO or other multilateral trade bodies， APEC has no treaty obligations required of its participants. Decisions made within APEC are reached by consensus and commitments and undertaken on a voluntary basis.

6. Regional economic integration brings about trade creation； enlarges the market capacity； stimulates competition and investment； facilitates the flow of factors of production； promotes international division of labour； enhances productivity and reduces transaction costs， so that the resources are effectively allocated among the members. The total welfare of all members will increase after integration. The prospects of these benefits helped the emergence of regional organizations for economic integration.

II. 1. d 2. g 3. a 4. f 5. b 6. c 7. i 8. j 9. e 10. h

III.

区域经济一体化常指某些在一定的区域范围内，地理相邻的国家建立合作组织，以减少并最终取消关税和非关税壁垒，使商品、服务以及生产要素可以在各成员国间自由流动，其目的是为了获取经济利润。

区域经济一体化的程度不同，按其一体化的程度，从弱至强依次是：优惠贸易协定、自由贸易区、关税同盟、共同市场、经济联盟和政治同盟。

IV.

1. The overall strategic goal of Pan-Pearl River Delta regional economic cooperation is to achieve regional economic integration.

2. Citizens of the EU can travel without restriction within the EU.

3. In a mere decade， APEC has grown to a key economic cooperation forum in the world， boasting 21 members in the Asia-Pacific.

4. In the G20， industrialized countries and emerging markets come together to share ideas and promote financial stability.

5. The ASEAN has become a representation for regional cooperation in Southeast Asia.

V. Omitted

快速阅读1

I. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F

II. 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C

快速阅读2

I.

1. Washington， London， Pittsburgh and Toronto.

2. The world economic situation， the “Framework for Strong， Sustainable and Balanced global growth”， the reform of global financial institutions， the strengthening of financial regulations， a global financial safety net and development issues.

3. The G20 summit held in Seoul， the Republic of Korea， is the first one of its kind to be held in an emerging economy and in Asia.

4. They all might have discussed the measures to deal with the international financial crisis.

5. Because G20 members represent around 90 percent of global gross national product， 80 percent of world trade and two-thirds of the world’s population.

II. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F