第五节 词类转译法
英译汉过程中，由于英汉两种语言在语法和习惯表达方式不同，不能逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要进行必要的词类转换，才能使译文通顺自然。
一、转换成名词
1．动词→名词
（1）Television works in much the same as radio.
电视机的工作原理与无线电广播几乎完全相同。
（2）The parents asked the teacher if Tom, their son, behaved properly.
父母问老师他们的儿子汤姆的表现如何。
（3）They signed two agreements that served to warm up the atmosphere of their relations.
他们签订了两个协定，目的是使他们的关系热起来。
（4）The electric power supplied at present can’t satisfied what we need.
现有的电力不能满足我们的需要。
（5）Wrought irons behave differently from iron which contains a lot of carbon.
熟悉的性能不同于含碳量多的生铁。
（6）First, Deng Xiaoping’s transition model was more sophisticated than anything the Russians have tried.
首先，邓小平的转变模式比俄罗斯人进行的所有尝试都要复杂得多。
2．形容词→名词
（1）He was considered insincere.
他被认为是伪君子。
（2）The railway ticket is valid for two days.
火车票有效期为二天。
（3）The Turner family were religious.
特纳一家都是虔诚的教徒。
（4）They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.
他们竭尽全力来帮助病人和伤员。
（5）Some chemical substances are strongly colored.
有些化学物质具有鲜明的颜色。
（6）The more carbon the steel contains, the harder and stronger it is.
钢含碳量越高，强度和硬度就越大。
（7）Ice is not as dense as water and it therefore floats.
冰的密度比水小，因此能浮在水面上。
（8）The cutting tool must be strong, tough, hard, and wear resistant.
刀具必须有足够的强度、韧性、硬度，而且要耐磨。
3．副词→名词
（1）He is physically weak, but mentally sound.
他身体虽弱，但思想健康。
（2）New Zealanders are traditionally keenly interested in sports of all kinds, and the temperate climate encourages most forms of outside recreation.
新西兰人有喜爱多种多样体育活动的传统，当地宜人的气候也适合人们进行各种形式的户外运动。
二、转换成动词
1．名词→动词
（1）I have no private interest in the acceptance of my inventions by the world.
我的发明为世界所采用，我未从中获得任何私利。
（2）At the thought of the disaster her leg stiffened under her and she could not move a step further.
她一想到这场灾难，就两条腿僵硬得一步也挪不动了。
（3）In their work they pay much attention to the combination of theory with practice.
他们在工作中非常注意理论联系实际。
（4）The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.
政府号召建立更多的技术学校。
（5）He made the suggestion that the political prisoners be set free.
他提议释放政治犯。
（6）Were there no friction, transmission of motion would be impossible.
没有摩擦就不能传递运动。
2．介词→动词
（1）Without steel, there would be no modern industry.
（2）Shanghai, which means “above the sea”, is on the Huangpu River.
上海的意思是“在海上”，它坐落在黄浦江畔。
（3）No one is against this proposal.
没有人反对这个建议。
（4）Except for atomic energy, all forms of energy used by man are from the sun.
除了原子能以外，人类所用的一切形式的能都来自太阳。
（5）Atomic power for ocean-going vessels is already a reality.
原子能动力用于远洋船只已经成为现实。
（6）Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.
千百万山区人民终于摆脱了贫穷。
（7）The employees are with him.
雇员支持他。
（8）The Turners were away on holiday.
特纳夫妇去度假了。
（9）He is after vulgar interests.
他在追求低级趣味。
（10）This is a painting after Qi Baishi.
这幅画追求齐白石的风格。
（11）Most of people are for the reform..
大多数人赞成改革。
（12）She is a student of arts. This may be the reason why chemistry is beyond her.
她是文科生。这可能是她为什么不懂化学的原因。
3．形容词→动词
（1）I am certain I saw him.
我肯定是见过他了。
（2）You are not ignorant of the reasons for her behavior.
你不是不知道她这样做的原因。
（3）He was not content with their present achievements.
他不满足于他现有的成绩。
（4）We are fully aware of the gravity of the situation.
我们十分明白形势的严重性。
（5）On these issues, he was subjective and one-sided.
他在这些问题上，陷入了主观性和片面性。
（6）Generally speaking, neither gold nor stone are soluble in water.
一般来说，金子和石头都不能溶解于水。
（7）Kerosene is not so volatile as gasoline.
煤油不像汽油那样容易挥发。
（8）Heat is a form of energy into which all other forms are convertible.
热是能的一种形式，其他任何形式的能都能改变为热能。
（9）While domestic banking institutions are still subject to various restrictive policies, foreign banking institutions in China energy a wide degree of flexibility.
在国内金融机构仍受各种政策限制的同时，在华的外国金融机构都享有广泛的灵活性。
（10）We are certain that people’s life will be better and better with further reforms and opening up.
我们确信，随着改革开放的进一步深化，人民的生活会越来越好。
4．副词→动词
（1）The film Titanic is on tonight.
电影“泰坦尼克”今晚将放映。
（2）Last month the treaty was signed by both sides and the war was over.
上个月双方签订了条约，战争因此结束了。
（3）The sun is up.
太阳升起来了。
（4）He opened the window to let fresh air in.
他把窗户打开，让新鲜空气进来。
三、转换成形容词
1．副词→形容词
（1）We have mainly adopted the following policy measures：…
我们采取的主要政策措施是：……
（2）The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man.
太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。
（3）The United States is traditionally famous for its very solid and unchanging diet of meat and potatoes.
美国人多年来那种丰盛的、一成不变的肉制品加土豆的传统餐，早已为世人所熟知。
2．名词→形容词
Good maps are a necessity to travelers.
好的地图是出门旅行不可少的。
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