英译汉中的结构转换

一、英译汉中的结构转换

1.拆句重组

英语中有些严谨的结构无法再现于汉语译文，只能把原句拆开，重新组合。有时英语中的一个字就要译成一个分句。例如:

例1:This is a matter concerning the welfare of factory workers and any comment on it should appropriately come from the trade union.

这是一个有关工人福利的问题，对这个问题的任何意见都应当由工会来发表，这才是适宜的。

例2:The young man was naturally proud of his beautiful penmanship.

这小伙子以写一笔好字为傲，这是很自然的。

例3:The prisoners are permitted to receive parcels from their family and write censored letters.

犯人可以接收家人送来的包裹，也允许写信，不过信要经过检查。

例4:The former president of the university cannot politely turn down the invitation to the celebration of the university's 45th anniversary.

老校长若拒绝参加建校45周年纪念活动，在礼貌上是说不过去的。

例5:The dean of the department cannot responsibly stay aloof from the students' difficulties.

系主任如果对学生的困难不闻不问，那就是没有尽到责任。

例6:The farmers are justifiably proud of their bumper harvest after the drought.

农民们为他们战胜旱灾后夺取的大丰收而自豪，这是合乎情理的。

例7:They，not surprisingly，did not do any preparations for the project.

他们对这个项目没作任何准备工作，这是不足为奇的。

例8:The school leaders might have spoken with understandable pride of their outstanding graduates.

校领导在谈到他们的优秀毕业生时，也许有些自豪，这是可以理解的。

2.补充说明

用汉语说明抽象概念时，如果不加上较为具体的词进行补充说明，读者会觉得句子不完整。

例1:All the people were exasperated by his irresponsibility.

大家都被他那种不负责任的做法激怒了。

例2:No one is satisfied with his favoritism in his work.

对他在工作中表现出来的徇私作风谁都不满意。

例3:We were all greatly moved by his selflessness.

我们都被他的无私精神深深打动了。

例4:The pharmacologists are making a careful study of the allergy of the medicine.

药理学家们正在认真研究这种药的过敏反应。

例5:His arrogance sent him into isolation and helplessness.

他的傲慢态度使他孤立无援。

例6:The hall was filled with sobriety with several priests sitting on the stage.

台上坐着几个牧师，使大厅充满了庄重的气氛。

例7:Her jealousy is the cause of her poor health.

她的忌妒心理是她疾病缠身的根源。

例8:Her indifference kept many friends away from her.

她的冷漠态度让很多朋友离她而去。

例9:It's more expensive than it was last time but not as good.

价钱比上次的高，但质量却比上次的差。

例10:The fan，with its modern，elegant，bright，and harmoniously colored design，is an excellent electrical household appliance for cooling purposes on hot summer days.

本电扇款式新颖，造型大方，色彩鲜艳，色泽和谐，是炎炎夏日消暑纳凉的家电精品。

3.省略多余词语

省略主语:根据汉语习惯，英语句子泛指的人称代词做主语时，主语在译文中要省略。

例1:We live and learn.活到老，学到老。

例2:You can never tell.很难说。

例3:Rest in itself is not enough，one can never get real rest without a peaceful mind.

光休息是不够的，心不净是休息不好的。

省略做主语的人称代词:前句出现一个主语后句仍为同一主语，译文中不必出现。

例4:He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.

他消瘦而憔悴，看上去一副受苦相。

例5:It's the way I am，and try as I might，I haven't been able to change it.

我就是这个脾气，几次想改，也没改掉。

例6:He was well-favored，bright，a good dancer，and a fine tennis player.He was an asset at any party.He was lavish with flowers and expensive boxes of chocolate.

他英俊，聪明，舞跳得不错，网球也打得很好。什么聚会都少不了他。鲜花和高价巧克力任意买来送人。

省略物主代词:

例7:He is a good friend that speaks well of us behind our backs.

在背后赞扬你的人才是真正的好朋友。

例8:The old professor put his pen down，crossed his hands behind his neck，and turned his face up to the ceiling.

老教授放下笔，两手交叉着放在脖子后面，抬起头望着天花板。

例9:She went，with her neat figure，and her sober womanly steps，down the dark street.

她顺着黑暗的街道走去，显出利落匀称的身材，迈着端庄女人的步子。

例10:He shrugged his shoulders，shook his head，cast up his eyes，but said nothing.

他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。