的功能和用法

一、would的功能和用法

在汉语日常对话中，最常用的虚拟语气的标记是“要是(如果)……就会”，英语中相对应的词是“if□would”。请看例句:

例1:要是我才十几岁的话，我也会同我的父母住在一起的。

If I were a teenager，I would also be living with my parents.

例2:要是我下周日不这么忙的话，我会同你们聚聚的。

If I were not that busy next Sunday，I would join you in a party.

例3:要不是这么晚的话，我就出去散步了。

If it were not this late，I would be out taking a walk.

例4:要是我考试及格的话，我现在就是研究生了。

If I had passed the examinations，I would be a post-graduate student now.

例5:要是我们组织一次羽毛球比赛，班上谁会得冠军?

If we organize a badminton competition，who would be the champion?

例6:如果你教外国人中文，从哪儿开始?是会话还是阅读?

If you teach foreigners Chinese，from where would you begin?From reading or speaking?

例7:如果发生第三次世界大战，会用原子弹吗?

In a third world war，would nuclear weapons be used?

例8:在北京，这类房子的房租是三百块钱一个月，要是在广州应该是多少?

The rent of this kind of house is 300 yuan RMB a month in Beijing.How much would that be in Guangzhou?

汉语经常省略“要是(如果)……就会”，但是英语中的would不能用其他时态来代替。例如:

例9:这双鞋折合美金多少钱?

How much would the pair of shoes be in US dollars?

例10:在北京我们穿得很多，在广州就没有必要了。

Such warm clothes we wear in Beijing would not be necessary in Guangzhou.

例11:这种房子太通风了，在北方就行不通。

The house would be too airy for comfort in north China.

例12:你没叫我十点钟来呀，否则我是不会迟到的。

You didn't ask me to come at ten o'clock.Otherwise I wouldn't be late.

例13:这样的事我是不会干的，这太可笑了。

I wouldn't do anything like that;it's ridiculous.

例14:你这句话里的这个词，英国人是不会用的。

An English writer would not use the word you used in this sentence.

例15:他现在的工资是一个月2000元人民币，生活很不错;在美国这点儿钱只够他一个人吃饭的，还有点儿勉强。

He is comfortably off with a monthly salary of 2000 RMB here in China，but the same amount of money would barely enough cover his food expenses in America.

在对过去已经发生的情况进行假设时，英译文中要用would have done来表示，例如:

例16:你昨天为什么没来?你要是来了，就一定会碰到我儿子了。

Why didn't you come yesterday?Otherwise，you would have seen my son.

例17:去上海的航班取消了，要不我早就动身了。

The flight to Shanghai has been canceled，or，I would have set off a long time ago.

例18:他一口气工作了12个小时，你会这样干吗?

He worked for 12 hours without a break.Would you have done anything like that?

例19:他跳进冰窟窿里把孩子救了出来，你会这样吗?

He jumped into the iced-up river to rescue a drowning child，would you have done that?

例20:他对这事大动肝火，很正常，换了谁都会这样。

He went to the roof at the matter，which is understandable.Anyone would have reacted this way.

例21:他这十年骑自行车上下班所走的路，相当于从北京到莫斯科走了一趟。

The bicycle-trips he made from home to the workplace and back in the last ten years would have taken him from Beijing to Moscow.

如果假设的情况发生的可能性更小的话，要用could来代替would。

例22:有些历史学家说，1945年8月的那两颗原子弹结束了太平洋战争，否则，日

本还能打上半年。你说呢?

Some historians insist that the two atomic bombs dropped over Japan ended the Pacific War，or Japan could have held on for another half a year.What's your comment?

例23:现在中国在经济上所取得的成就在20年前是不可想象的。

The economic achievements China has accomplished now could not have been imagined 20 years ago.