二、鼓浪屿—万石山风景区
1.鼓浪屿概况
今天我们要去游览有“海上花园”和“钢琴之岛”之称的鼓浪屿，这是厦门首推的旅游胜地。
我们的车正行驶在中山路上。中山路是厦门最繁华的商业街，商品种类繁多，建于20世纪20年代，是一条老街。大家看，街道两旁的建筑叫骑楼，这是厦门一大特色。中国南方和东南亚国家的城市多有这种骑楼。这主要是考虑到厦门天气，有时阳光强烈，有时风雨交加，行人可以在骑楼下防晒避雨，自由行走，随意购物。
各位团友，这条江叫鹭江，也叫厦鼓海峡，宽约600米。鼓浪屿是厦门市区对面的一个小岛，可以从厦门市区坐渡轮过去，15分钟一班，大约5分钟即可到达。
鼓浪屿面积不到2平方公里，常住人口约2万，岛上居民过着健康宁静的生活。
看，鼓浪屿快到了。
鼓浪屿过去叫“圆沙洲”，后来因岛上有块大岩石，常年累月被海浪拍打，发出如擂鼓般的声音，鼓浪屿因此得名。汉语“鼓”意为drum，“浪”意为waves，而“屿”意思是islet.
各位团友，码头到了。岛上的建筑保存完好，鼓浪屿因此还有一个别名叫做“万国建筑博物馆”。东西方建筑在此汇聚，美不胜收。此外，鼓浪屿还被称为“音乐之乡”和“钢琴岛”。大家看，码头上的售票亭看起来像一架打开的三角钢琴。据说在鼓浪屿，每个家庭至少有一个成员能弹奏乐器。傍晚时分，或是初夏的夜晚，在岛上漫步，你会听到流淌的音乐。岛上教堂不少，且颇为兴盛，每到圣诞前夜，总能听到人们在这些教堂里唱起圣诞颂歌。鼓浪屿一年四季景色宜人，鸟语花香，因此得了“海上花园”的美名。
鼓浪屿是个步行岛。在岛上悠闲地逛一圈得花4到5个小时。岛上唯一的交通工具是几辆消防车和观光电瓶车。这个与众不同的小岛不通行车辆，仅靠渡船与大陆相连。
鼓浪屿被国家旅游局评为5A级景区，位于福建省十大旅游景点之首。
Gulangyu－Wanshi Mountain Scenic Area
1.Overview of Gulangyu Island
Today we’re going to visit Gulangyu Island，the“Garden Island”，or“Piano Island”，which is among the most highly recommended tourist attractions in Xiamen.
Now we are on Zhongshan Road.Built in the 1920s，it is the busiest commercial street in the city with a variety of goods.As you can see，the ancient street is lined with arcade buildings，a typical Xiamen feature.These kinds of buildings can also be found in many southern Chinese cities and in some Southeast Asian countries with strong sunshine and lots of rain.People can walk and shop freely under the covered pavement even in bad weather.
Ladies and gentlemen，this600－meter strait is Lujiang，or Egret River，also known as Xiagu Strait，or Xiamen－Gulangyu Strait.Situated off the coast of downtown Xiamen，Gulangyu Island can be reached by ferry from downtown in about5 minutes，which runs every 15 minutes from Xiamen’s harbor.
Covering an area of less than 2 square kilometers，the island has 20，000 permanent residents，all of whom enjoy a healthy and placid lifestyle.
Look，you can see the isle over there.
Initially called“Yuanshazhou Island，literally Round Sand Islet，Gulangyu got its present name due to ocean waves hitting the huge reef.The sound generated resembled the beating of a drum.Therefore，the island was named“Gulangyu”.In Chinese，“Gu”means“drum”and“lang”means“waves”while“yu”means“islet”.
Here we are.The structures in the isle remain well－preserved，giving it the nickname of“Architectural Exhibition of Ten Thousand Nations”.The island provides a fascinating mixture of Eastern and Western architecture.Besides，Gulangyu is also well known as the“Hometown of Music”and“Island of Pianos”. As you can notice，the ticket office on the island pier was built in the shape of a grand piano.It is said that each family on the island has at least one member that can play a musical instrument.Wandering around the island in the afternoon or early in the summer evening，you may catch strains of music，and during Christmas Eve you will hear people singing Christmas carols-there are many thriving Christian churches on the island.Gulangyu also enjoys the good reputation of being a“Garden on the Sea”，because it is delightful in all seasons，characterized by singing birds and fragrant flowers and its inspiring natural beauty.
The island of Gulangyu is a pedestrian－only destination.To visit Gulangyu at a leisurely pace，you must allow about four or five hours.The vehicles moving uniquely here are several fire trucks and electric tourist buggies，and it is connected to the main island of Xiamen only by ferry.
The site is classified as a 5－A scenic area by the China National Tourism Administration，and also ranks the first of the top ten tourist attractions in the province.
Vocabulary:
arcade n.拱廊
arcade building 骑楼
pier n.码头
strain n.一段音乐
carol n.圣诞之歌
buggy n.小机动车
2.菽庄花园
各位团友，我们现在来到菽庄花园。菽庄花园位于鼓浪屿南面的龙头山脚下，依山傍海。花园建在一块约为1.65英亩的坡地上，却把宽广大海纳入花园的怀抱，其建造工艺精湛，独树一帜，精美绝伦。很少人知道它是台湾富商林叔臧的私家花园。花园取名“菽庄”，是主人“叔臧”的谐音。林叔臧又名“林尔嘉”，原籍福建，其先祖于200多年前移居台湾。1895年中日甲午战争后，其父率全家内渡，定居鼓浪屿。1913年秋，菽庄花园建成，其布局仿造了小说《红楼梦》中贾宝玉所住的怡红院。为怀念林家在台北板桥故居，菽庄花园再现了台北板桥别墅的风貌。菽庄花园于20世纪50年代对公众开放。
菽庄花园依山傍海，花园与海融为一体，以海拓园，以园饰海，充分利用天然坡地地形，创造出宽阔的视觉空间。环顾整个花园，你会发现日光岩好似花园这幅彩绘屏风的装饰品，海上的小船像是屏风里的游艇，连附近金色的海滩也成了屏风的一部分。整个花园分为藏海园和补山园两个部分，共有10景，两园各有5景。设计者巧妙借助四周山光水色，打造出一个与众不同、别具特色的海上花园。
花园依山的部分为“补山园”，共有十二洞天、顽石山房、观潮楼、亦爱吾庐和小兰亭等五景。园内亭台楼阁装点了周围的山景。十二洞天是人工造出的十二个相互连接的连环洞，顽石山房就在洞顶，据说是主人的书房。洞前有一座石桥架于池塘上。桥边空地为亦爱吾庐，曾是主人居住的地方。
补山园遍植九重葛、紫藤和茉莉等植物。菽庄花园的打造运用了所有园林建筑的经典元素，包括水、石、自然美景，当然还有植物，不愧为中国式花园的经典之作。
花园临海的部分为“藏海园”，由眉寿堂、壬秋阁、真率亭、四十四桥以及招凉亭等五景组成，被誉为“园在海上，海在园中”。从眉寿堂远望，你会在海山之间感受到轻松惬意。穿过花间林荫，可达壬秋阁。顺着曲曲折折的栏杆再往前走，就到了四十四桥了。四十四桥全长百余米，桥身迂回曲折，凌波卧海，宛如游龙。每逢潮来，在桥上漫步或休憩，宛如行于海上，随着波涛上下起伏。相传四十四桥是林尔嘉为庆祝自己44岁生日而建，因此桥身有四十四个弯曲，四十四桥一直延伸到隔壁的观海别墅，那属于林尔嘉的姻亲。菽庄花园藏海之名，真是名不虚传。
菽庄花园各景错落有致，极具江南庭院的精巧雅致。欣赏了花草美景，你大可以在茶馆里喝上一杯茶，欣赏海景或金色的沙滩。
2.Shuzhuang Garden
Ladies and gentlemen，now we are in Shuzhuang Garden.
Shuzhuang Garden is located at the foot of the Longtou Hill in the south of Gulangyu Island sandwiched between ocean and cliffs.The garden covers an area of about 1.65 acres，but it embraces a boundless expanse of blue water.With great originality and excellent workmanship，the garden is incomparably exquisite.Few tourists know that it was once the private garden of a Taiwan businessman，Lin Shuzang.“Shuzhuang”is the homonym of his name.Lin Shuzang，also named Lin Erjia，was of Fujian origin.His ancestors moved to Taiwan about 200 years ago.After the Sino－Japanese War of 1894－1895，his father moved back and settled down in Gulangyu Island.In the fall of1913，Shuzhuang Garden was built after the layout of the Yihong Yard in which Magic Jade，or Jia Baoyu，a hero in a famous novel The Dream of Red Mansions lives.Meant as an exquisite replica of Banqiao villa in Taipei，Taiwan，it subsequently became a garden park open to the public in the 1950s.
The garden is near the sea and sheltered by hills.The garden and the sea become a unified entity in which the sea is the extension of the garden and the garden adorns the sea.This creates the impression of infinite space by harnessing the natural sloping terrain.When you look around the garden，you may find that Sunlight Rock looks like an adornment of the painted screen，and the boats on the sea like yachts in it，even the adjoining golden beach seems to have become part of it.The whole garden consists of two parts:Canghai Yuan，or the Garden of Hiding the Sea，and Bushan Yuan，or the Garden of Making－up Hills.Throughout the garden there are named scenes，five in Canghai Yuan and five in Bushan Yuan.The garden designers showed great ingenuity in the construction of the garden by cleverly employing nearby elements.
The section sheltered by the hills is called“Bushan Yuan”，which is made up of the Twelve－cave Paradise，the Hard Stone House，the Tide－Viewing Tower，the Love－my－own House and the Little Orchid Pavilion.All the pavilions，terraces and towers were built to adorn the naturalmountain sceneries.The Twelve－cave Paradise is a chain of artificial caves connecting to each other.On the top of the cave is the Hard－stone House that is said to be the study of the garden－owner.In front of the cave there is a stone bridge across the pond.In the open field beside the bridge is the Love－my－own House where the garden owner once lived.
The Bushan Yuan is planted with abundant bougainvillea，as well as wisteria and jasmine.Shuzhuang Garden is a charming example of a Chinese garden built with all the classical ingredients——water，rocks，a natural landscape，and of course，plants.
The section bordering the sea is called“Canghai Yuan”，which is made up of the Longevity Hall，the Autumn Pavilion，the Sincerity Pavilion，the Forty－four Bridge，and the Coolness Pavilion.It is figured as“a garden in the sea and a sea in the garden”.Looking into the distance from the Longevity Hall，you’ll feel joyful and relaxed at the seascape and beautiful hills.Walking through the woods on either side of the flower passage，you will reach the Autumn Pavilion.Going forward through the zigzagging railings，you’ll come to the“Nine－twist－and－turn Four－four Bridge”spanning the sea.The bridge is more than 100 meters long，zigzagging forward like a moving dragon.If you are strolling about or taking a rest on the bridge when tides come，you will have a feeling of walking on the sea，coming up and down with the tides.The story is that Mr.Lin built this bridge in celebration of his 44th birthday and therefore intended it to have 44 turns ending up in the neighboring garden of the Guanhai Villa which belonged to his cousin by marriage.No wonder the garden is so famed for embracing the sea.
The well－proportioned Shuzhuang Garden is typical of an ingenious architecture after the traditional southern China courtyard style.Now，apart from enjoying the delightful diversity of flowers and shrubs，you can sip a cup of tea in the teahouse here，while enjoying the landscape of the sea or the golden beach.
Vocabulary:
Homonym n.同音异义词
layout n.布局
replica n.复制品
harness v.利用
ingenuity n.独出心裁
bougainvillea n.三角梅
wisteria n.紫藤
longevity n.长寿
3.日光岩
各位团友，我们今天要参观的日光岩景区，是厦门最美的风景区之一。日光岩又称龙头山，海拔92.6米，是鼓浪屿的最高点。它是一块巨石，直径40米，雄踞于峭壁之上，是厦门的象征。站在日光岩顶，可以全景俯瞰附近海面上的岛屿和船只。在日光岩山脚下有一座日光岩寺，又叫莲花庵。每当太阳升起，岩石和寺庙沐浴在阳光下，故此得名。民族英雄郑成功将军在日光岩留下很多动人的传说，据传17世纪时他曾在此安营扎寨，从荷兰人手中收复台湾。据说日光岩景区始建于约800年前的南宋时期，约400年前的明末清初时期郑成功曾加以修复。景区内奇石叠累，洞壑天成，海浪拍崖，树木葱茏，繁花似锦，富有亚热带浪漫气息。历代文人石刻题咏甚多，为景区增添不少古风。
各位团友，这是我国20世纪著名体育教育家马约翰教授的半身铜像。马约翰是鼓浪屿人，他为祖国的体育事业做出了卓越的贡献。铜像背后的体育场，原来是“洋人球浦”，专供洋人踢球，已有上百年历史，也是福建足球运动的发祥地。
这是鼓浪屿宾馆，原来叫“黄家花园”，共有三座英式别墅，是20世纪20年代中国最豪华的的别墅之一。左边是别墅大门。对英式建筑感兴趣的团友不妨一游。这是一个漂亮的花园，种着些老榕树，几栋青石楼房错落有致分布其中。这些楼房建于1919—1923年，为当地商人黄奕住所有。主楼是黄先生当年居住和娱乐的场所，其他家庭成员则住在另外几栋楼里。这些楼房后来由省政府修复并管理使用。
各位团友，这是日光岩新修的山门。看到前方巨石上的崖刻了吗?实际上这些崖刻出自三人之手。其中一幅崖刻距今已有400多年了，是日光岩上最早的题刻。
继续往上走，屹立在上的就是海拔约90米的日光岩了。第一段石阶的尽头有一平台，通往莲花庵，它有700年历史了，实际上莲花庵是一个天然石洞，以一巨石为顶，后依山形地势建起寺庙。当地人叫它日光寺，倒不是因为它在日光岩脚下而得名，而是因为寺庙正对东方，太阳升起时第一束阳光刚好照射到寺庙，故而得名。
看，这就是郑成功将军1661年屯兵鼓浪屿时遗留下来的“龙头山寨”寨门，龙头山寨是最早的军营。郑成功将军在此操练水师，并扬帆启程前往台湾打跑了荷兰人。要不是岩石上留下士兵们为搭建帐篷开凿的圆孔，我们很难想象这个遍布岩石、与世隔绝的地方竟然曾是一座山寨。寨门左侧有一座宛在亭，亭前斜坡上有一巨石，据说是当年郑成功水操台遗址。巨石上刻有郑成功及明清文人墨客的手迹。请看这幅石刻“脚力尽时山更好”，多么催人奋进呀!现在游客可以穿着朝服在此拍照，纪念这次历史古迹之旅。
离开山寨，继续上行，前面看起来像是个山洞，近看是两块巨石架起的通风口。站在正中抬头看，顶上写着四个大字“古避暑洞”。的确，天风穿洞，凉爽异常，真是个好地方，可供游客停下来歇个脚、喘口气，准备登上顶峰。北面山脚下有一座郑成功纪念馆，里面展示了一些名人题诗。
最后一段登山石道上游客众多，又窄又陡，但是爬上去后你一定不会后悔。
穿过山洞，我们现在就站在山顶的“百米高台”上。往下俯瞰，你可以清楚地看到鼓浪屿宏伟壮观的欧式建筑群——粉色的、褐色的、黄色的是墙，暗橙色的是瓦，它们和高出屋顶的树木混杂在一起，成了橙色和绿色交织的斑斓色块。西北方向最显眼的圆顶宏伟建筑是八卦楼，原来是华侨商人的私人别墅，现在是厦门博物馆。有人说天气晴朗的时候，在日光岩顶峰甚至可以看到台湾金门岛上的行人，偶尔还可以听到公鸡打鸣的声音呢!
3.Sunlight Rock
Ladies and gentlemen，we’re going to Sunlight Rock，one of the most beautiful spots of Xiamen region.Commonly known as“Dragon－head Hill”，Sunlight Rock is the peak of Gulangyu Island and is 92.6 meters above the sea level.The rock features a huge boulder，40 meters in diameter，towering atop the cliff as the symbol of Xiamen.On the top of the rock，one can have a panoramic view of the seascapes of the nearby isles and ships.At the foot of the rock there is the Sunlight Temple，also named the Lotus Nunnery.Whenever the sun rises，the rays cast over the rocks and the temple，hence the name.The Sunlight Rock is associated with many stories about General Zheng Cheng gong，a national hero，who once deployed his troops here to recover Taiwan from Dutch occupation in the 17thcentury.According to legends，the Sunlight Rock scenic spot was built in the Southern Song Dynasty about800 years ago，and was renovated by General Zheng in the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty about 400 years ago.The scenic area is full of grotesque rocks and grottoes amidst lush green woods and flowers in riotous colors，coupled by splashing waves of the exotic subtropical region.Numerous inscriptions by literary celebrities of ancient times add much interest and antiquity to the site.
Ladies and gentlemen，this is a bronze bust of Professor Ma Yuehan，a local of Gulangyu and famous PE educator in China in the 20thcentury，who made great contribution to the development of sports in China.The stadiumbehind the bust used to be a soccer field for foreigners over 100 years ago，and is also a birthplace for Fujian’s soccer development.
The building in front of us is the Gulangyu Guest house，also known as Huangs’Garden，with three British－style houses in it.They were among the most costly villas then in the country in the 1920s.To the left are the gates.For anyone interested in ancient architecture，the guest house is well worth a visit.It is a collection of grey stone houses set in a lovely garden dotted with old banyan trees.The houses were built from 1919 to 1923 by a local trader named Mr.Huang Yizhu.Huang Yizhu himself lived and entertained guests in the main house，while the rest of the family used the affiliated houses.The provincial government later restored the garden and made it the Gulangyu Guesthouse.
Ladies and gentlemen，this is the newly builtgate of the Sunlight Rock tourist area.Can you see the inscriptions on the giant rock over there?They were actually written by 3 people.One of the inscriptions has a history of over 400 years，the oldest among others in the Sunlight Rock scenic area.
Let’s continue up the road.Towering above is the 90－meter Sunlight Rock.At the end of the first flight is a terrace leading to the 700－year－old Lotus Nunnery，or Lianhua Si.This is in fact a little temple set into the rocks.The nunnery is known locally as the Sunlight Monastery——not as one would think because it is at the foot of Sunlight Rock，but because it faces east and is filled with the first rays of the rising sun.
Look，this doorway was built in 1661 as the gate to General Zheng Chenggong’s fortress，the earliest military camp named“Longtoushan Fortress”.Itwas here that he drilled his troops before sailing off to rout out the Dutch from Taiwan.It is hard to imagine this rocky enclosed area being a fortress，but there are holes in the rock where the building’s beams were once secured.On its left is“Wanzai Pavilion”;on the slope down the pavilion lies a rock，which is said to be the ruins of the drilling grounds for the sailors of Zheng Chenggong.The rock－face is adorned with masterstroke engravings by Zheng Chenggong and some well－known ancient calligraphers dating from the Ming and Qing years.A perceptive message is carved on the rock，“When the strength of your feet are exhausted，the hill will look more beautiful”.Today visitors can have a photograph taken wearing court robes to commemorate the visit to this historic spot.
As we leave the fortress，the steps continue up to what looks like a cave but，on closer inspection，turns out to be two rocks forming a hollow.Stop in the middle，look up，and on the roof are the characters“Gu Bi Shu Dong”，whose English version is“An Ancient Summer Cave”.Indeed，there is always a breeze flowing through this cave，so it is a good place to pause，collect your breath and prepare for the final climb.At the north foot there is a memorial house dedicated to Zheng Chenggong，inside which there are poems left behind by some well－known scholars.
The remainder of the climb，which is fairly steep，is up narrow stone steps.Nevertheless，even though the final climb is rather cramped，it is well worth it.
Passing through the cave，nowwe’re on the“100－meter High Platform”on the top of the hill.Standing on the platform，you can have a commanding view of the full grandeur of Gulangyu’s European－style buildings——the pink，terracotta and yellow walls，the burnt orange roof tiles，the patchwork of oranges and greens of the fine trees rising above the roofs.To the northwest the view is dominated by the grandiose cupola of the Eight Diagrams Building，or Bagua Lou，which is a museum of Xiamen’s history.It was originally a private villa built by an overseas Chinese merchant.It’s said that on sunny days one can look into the pedestrians on Kinmen Isle under Taiwan’s administration from the top of the Sunlight Rock，and can occasionally hear the crows of roosters as well.
On the gigantic rock behind the temple there are engravings of some well－known ancient calligraphers，which impress tourists deeply.
Vocabulary:
deploy v.部署，调度(军队)
grotesque adj.奇形怪状的
grotto n.(吸引人的)岩洞，洞穴
riotous adj.五颜六色的
bust n.半身雕塑像
nunnery n.尼姑庵
grandeur n.宏伟，壮观
patchwork n.混杂物
grandiose adj.宏伟的
cupola n.圆屋顶
4.鼓浪屿建筑
鼓浪屿除了“钢琴之岛”的美名，还有一个别称叫“万国建筑博物馆”。岛上保存的1000多座风格各异的历史建筑，给这座小岛平添了不少魅力。这些建筑物是鼓浪屿历史的重要特色。
岛上的建筑主要兴建于19世纪40年代至20世纪30年代，结合了东西方建筑的风格。1840年，英国对清政府发动侵略性的鸦片战争，欧洲列强从此开始了对中国的霸权。1842年中国战败后，与英国签订不平等的南京条约，厦门被迫成为通商口岸，此后岛上遍布维多利亚时期的建筑。包括英国、美国、法国、德国、日本、西班牙和丹麦等国在内的13个国家在岛上设立了领事馆，并兴建教堂，开办教会学校、医院。1903年以后，鼓浪屿沦为公共租界。1942年至二战结束期间，日本一直占领鼓浪屿。20世纪20、30年代，许多海外华侨回乡创业，短短15年内就建造了1000多幢风格各异的别墅住宅。岛上约70%的建筑都建于这个时期。这些建筑体现了鼓浪屿的多元文化历史。
这里原来是英国领事馆。鸦片战争期间，1841年与英军的一场激战后，厦门被英军占领。1843年英国在鼓浪屿设立领事馆，第二年建了领事楼。1870年又在岛上建了新办公楼，办公楼一副英国式样，带落地门窗，内部装饰相当豪华，还设有6间囚室。楼前有一座狮狗墓，那是领事的爱犬死后特意建造的，1957年被砸毁。现在，原来的英领馆已经拆除，拆楼时发现内藏刑讯工具。
各位团友，这是原日本领事馆，建于1897年，为仿英式建筑，有维多利亚时代的某些特征。这是日本警察署和员工的宿舍，建于1928年，大家可以看到，这些日式建筑以厚墙狭条长窗为特征，主要用于办公和审讯。地下室作为监狱用，关押拷打我抗日志士，墙壁上至今留有血迹、标语和记号。
各位团友，这5幢别墅统称“海天堂构”，建于20世纪20年代，是旅菲华侨黄秀娘、黄念忆所建。这5幢豪华别墅以中楼为核心，保持严格的中轴对称，以中楼装饰最为华丽。海天堂构可分成三个区，第一区原来是居住区，现在用于举办南音音乐会。第二区原来是客房区或客栈，现在主要用来演木偶戏。最后一区是当时姨太太们住的地方，现在成了海天咖啡屋。
现在我们来到黄荣远堂别墅。这是一幢古罗马样式的别墅，建于1920年。别墅内有大大小小的花岗岩雕花柱子，融合了中西方风格，集传统与现代于一身，是鼓浪屿建筑艺术中的精品。
这是天主堂。这座精美的哥特式建筑建于1917年。室内刷成蓝色，巨大的拱形吊顶以竹叶图案饰面。这是厦门地区唯一的天主教堂。
在鹿礁路和福建路，还有一些住宅别墅，有的是华侨所建，有的是本地富商所有。如美园别墅，20世纪20年代菲律宾华侨黄世美所建;许家园，为20世纪30年代菲律宾华侨所建。还有林氏府，系英式别墅群，是台湾富绅林维源父子的住宅。怡园，是爱国诗人林鹤年的故居，具闽南传统建筑结构。
以下这些是岛上其他比较有名的建筑，可以选择参观。
(1)八卦楼
这是一幢红顶的外形像白宫的房子，是厦门标志性的建筑之一。现在的厦门博物馆就在楼内。八卦楼结合了传统多力克式和爱奥尼亚式建筑风格，是岛上的代表性建筑。该楼建于清朝光绪三十三年，即1907年，美籍荷兰建筑设计师郁约翰在设计八卦楼时，很好地结合了巴基斯坦、中国、希腊和意大利的建筑风格。
(2)金瓜楼
金瓜楼建于1922年，因其两间阁楼顶状似金瓜而得名。菲律宾华侨黄赐敏于1924年购得此楼。金瓜楼别墅是一座采用中国传统元素建造的别墅洋楼，内部的装修中西合璧，既有西式的壁炉，也有中式的厢房和客厅。
(3)黄家花园
黄家花园是近代旅菲华侨富商黄奕住的私人住宅，包括三幢楼房，中间那幢最为豪华，当年耗资10万银元。黄家园最为特别的地方是所有房间均悬挂明镜，镜框上雕有理发工具剃刀和须刷。这是因为黄奕住早年生活贫困，之后他去南洋讨生活，以剃头为生。后来他发展糖业，成了印尼的糖王。回国之后他在鼓浪屿定居下来。黄家花园在20世纪50年代成为厦门政府管理的鼓浪屿宾馆，前国家领导人邓小平、美国前总统尼克松以及新加坡前总统李光耀都曾在此下榻。
(4)观彩楼
观彩楼位于笔架山顶，是一幢欧式别墅，建于1931年，由荷兰设计师设计。其外形颇像新娘花轿，因在顶楼能观赏到美丽的夕阳彩霞而得名。
(5)番婆楼
番婆楼建于1927年，是菲律宾华侨许经权为其母所建。许母常穿金戴银，看起来像个南洋富婆，故此楼得名番婆楼。
(6)八角楼
八角楼建于1915年，主人林尔嘉，又名林叔臧，也是菽庄花园的主人。这幢法式别墅结合了欧洲南部建筑以及巴洛克建筑风格。八角楼共有5层，其外立面呈八边菱形，因此得名。
(7)汇丰公馆
1876年，汇丰银行在笔架山临海断崖顶上选址，盖起占地400平方米的科林斯式别墅。1873年，汇丰银行在厦门开设分行。据说行长曾在此居住多年。
(8)殷宅
殷宅建于1925年，为房主的长子殷祖泽所建。内厅有5个拱券，三厅相连，带四个卧室。
(9)李清泉别墅
别墅为近代菲律宾华侨李清泉所建。别墅院子以鹅卵石铺成，有欧式喷泉、假山、亭子，还种植了珍贵的南洋杉。
(10)杨家园
杨家园在岛上共有四幢别墅，其中最豪华的是位于鼓新路的忠权楼，而最漂亮的是安海路的杨家园别墅。忠权楼是一幢英式别墅，凹槽罗马柱挺拔秀美，拱形窗户别有韵味。
(11)船屋
船屋建于1920年，设计师也是郁约翰。船屋的宅基地呈长三角形，好像海轮甲板上的船舱。从三楼俯视，宛如一艘正待远航的海轮。船屋造型古朴典雅，通风采光良好。
(12)亦足山庄
建于20世纪20年代，主人是越南华侨许澖。亦足山庄外观雄伟挺拔，有鼓浪屿最大的门楼和石阶。
4.Gulangyu Architecture
Other than its title of the“Piano Island”，Gulangyu is also known as“China’s Museum of International Architecture”.The isle preserves more than 1，000 historical buildings of various styles，adding much charm to the satellite island.These buildings are now valued as an important feature of Gulangyu’s history.
The island’s architecture is a blend of Western and Asian styles，dating from the 1840s to 1930s.In 1840 Britain launched the aggressive Opium War against the Qing Empire，which is often seen as the beginning of European hegemony towards China.Xiamen became a treaty port resulting from China’s loss in war and the unequal Treaty of Nanking in 1842，hence the predominantly Victorian－era style architecture throughout Gulangyu Island.A total of 13 countries，including Britain，the United States，France，Germany，Japan，Spain，and Denmark，established consulates，churches，missionary schools and hospitals on the isle.Gulangyu was officially designated an International Settlement in 1903.Japanese occupation of the island began in 1942，and lasted until the end of World War II.In the twenties to thirties of the 20thcentury，many overseas Chinese returned to their hometown in Xiamen.Within 15 years，they constructed more than 1000 villas and residences of various styles.About70%of the island’s architectures were built in this period.The architecture is recognized as a statement of the isle’smulticultural past.
This is the place where the British Consulate used to be.During the Opium War，Xiamen was occupied in 1841 after a fierce war against the British.Two years later，Britain set up its consulate on Gulangyu，and in the next year the consular building was constructed on the isle.In 1870，a new British－style office building with French windows and impressive interior decoration was completed.Six prison cells were built inside the building，and in front of the building，there used to be a tomb for the consul’s pet dog，which was ruined in 1957.When the building was dismantled later，instruments of torture were found inside.
Ladies and gentlemen，this is the former Japanese Consulate built in 1897. It’s a British－style construction characteristic of Victoria Era.And this used to be the Japanese Police Station and policemen’s dormitory，built in 1928.As you can see，the Japanese－style buildings with thick walls and narrow long windows were used as offices and interrogation rooms.The basement functioned as prison cells，where the Chinese anti－Japanese patriots were imprisoned and tortured.Bloodstains，slogans and marks can still be found on the walls.
Ladies and gentlemen，these five buildings are Haitian Tanggou，or Sea and Sky Villa.It was built in the 1920s by Chinese－Filipino Huang Xiuniang and his Jinjiang countryman Mr.Huang Nianyi.The symmetrical villa complex is particularly magnificent，with its middle villa decorated palatially.
Haitian Tanggou is split into three major sections.The first is the original living area for the family，now also used for the Nanyin Music concerts.The second area was originally used as a guest quarters or hotel，but is now used to host the puppet shows.The final area is the one that originally provided the concubines with their accommodation but is now used as a café，the Hi Heaven Café.
Now we’re in front of Huang Rongyuan Villa.The ancient Rome style villa was built in 1920.It has many pillars，small and large，which are made of granite with carvings.It is the essence of the island’s architecture that combines perfectly Western style and Chinese style，tradition and modernity.
Here is the Catholic Church.The church is a fine Gothic stone building，dating from1917.Inside，it is decorated in blue wash and has a grand vaulted ceiling faced with bamboo.This is the only Catholic Church in the area.
In Lujiao Road and Fujian Road，you will also find some other residential houses built by overseas Chinese or local merchants.There are Meiyuan Villa，built by the Chinese－Filipino Huang Shimei in 1920s;Xujia Garden，a Western－style residence owned by a Chinese－Filipino;Lins’Houses，a collection of British villas once inhabited by Taiwan merchants Lin Weiyuan and his son; Yiyuan Garden，a traditional South Fujian building and the former residence of a patriotic poet Lin Henian，to name just a few.
These are some other attractive buildings on the island.
(1)Eight Diagrams House，or Bagua Lou
The red－roofed and White House－like villa，now used as Xiamen Museum，is one of the landmark buildings in Xiamen.Integrating traditional Doric and Ionic architectural styles，the house is architectural representation on the island.
It was built in 1907，the 33rd year of Emperor Guangxu’s reign in the Qing Dynasty，and designed by an American－Dutch Dr.John Abraham Otte，who integrated Pakistani，Chinese，Greek and Italian architectural styles.
(2)Golden Melon Villa，or Jingua Lou
The villa，built in 1922，was named after its two golden melon liked attics.It was bought by the Chinese－Filipino Mr.Huang Cimin in 1924.The Western style villa was built with Chinese elements.The interior was decorated with a combination of Western and Chinese styles，with Western style fireplaces and Chinese style wing－rooms and living rooms.
(3)Huangs’Garden，or Huangjia Huayuan
The Huangs’Garden was the private residence of Mr.Huang Yizhu，a rich Chinese－Indonesian in contemporary times.The complex has 3 houses，of which the middle one is the most gorgeous that was built with 100，000 silver dollars.
What’s special is that there is a mirror hung in every roomwith razors and shaving brushes carved on the mirror frames.That’s because Mr.Huang led a poor life in his childhood.Later he went to Southeast Asia and made a living as a barber.Then he ventured into the cane sugar business and became the“King of Sugar in Indonesia”.After returning to China，he settled down on Gulangyu Island.
In the 1950s，the house was the state guest house of the Xiamen Government.It hosted late leader of China Deng Xiaoping，US late President Nixon and former President Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore.
(4)Scenic View Villa，or Guancai Lou
On the top of Bijia Hill lies a European style villa，which was built in 1931 and designed by a Dutchman.It looks like a bridal sedan chair and people can see splendid sunset and clouds on the top floor，hence the name Scenic View Villa.
(5)Foreign Lady Villa，or Fanpo Lou
The villa was built by the Chinese－Filipino Mr.Xu Jingquan in 1927.Mr.Xu built the villa for his mother，who was often seen wearing gold and silver jewellery and looked like a rich Southeast Asian woman.That is why the villa is called Fanpo Lou or Foreign Lady Villa.
(6)Octagonal Villa
The villa was built in 1915 by Lin Erjia or Lin Shuzang，who is also the owner of Shuzhuang Garden.The French style villa also features Southern European and Baroque style.It has 5 floors and its vertical view is octagonal，that’s why the name Octagonal Villa was born.
(7)HSBC Mansion
It was built on the cliff of Bijia Hill by the sea in 1876.It is of Corinthian architectural style.The villa covers an area of 400 square meters.In 1873，HSBC set up its office in Xiamen.It’s said that the Governor of HSBC used to live here for years.
(8)Yin House，or Yinzhai
The house was built in 1925 by Mr.Yin Zuze，the first son of the house owner.The renaissance house has five arched structures，three living rooms and four bedrooms.
(9)Li Qingquan Villa
Mr.Li Qingquan，a contemporary Chinese－Filipino，built the villa.In the cobbled courtyard，there are European style fountain，rockery，pavilion and precious araucaria.
(10)Yang Family Houses，or Yangjia Yuan
The Yang Family has four villas on Gulangyu Island.The Zhongquan House at Guxin Road is the most magnificent，while the one at Anhai Road is the most beautiful.Zhongquan House is a British style villa with grooved Roman pillars and charming arched windows.
(11)Ship Villa
It was built in 1920 and also designed by Dr.John Abraham Otte.Its ground base is triangular，like a cabin on an ocean vessel.Viewed from its third floor，it looks like a seagoing ship set for a voyage.The villa is simple but elegant，with plenty of daylight and good ventilation.
(12)Yizu Mansion，or Yizu Shanzhuang
Built in the 1920s，the villa，tall and majestic，was owned by Chinese－Vietnamese Mr.Xu Xian.It boasts the largest archway and stone steps on the island.
Vocabulary:
hegemony n.霸权
consulate n.领事馆
French window 落地长窗
complex n.(类型相似的)建筑群
palatial adj.宫殿(似)的;宏伟的
concubine n.妾
wash n.薄涂层(尤指涂料)
Doric adj.多利安式的
Ionic adj.爱奥尼亚式的
sedan chair n.轿子
octagonal adj.八角形的
Corinthian adj.科林斯式的
grooved adj.有槽的
5.钢琴博物馆
各位团友，我们今天要前往参观钢琴博物馆。2002年5月19日，中国音乐家协会授予鼓浪屿“音乐之岛”的称号。岛上住着17 800多常住居民，拥有多达超过600架钢琴，其钢琴拥有密度居全国之冠，因而又被称为“钢琴之岛”。中国有许多著名音乐家来自鼓浪屿。这个美丽的小岛上还有一座全国唯一的钢琴博物馆，馆内收藏了100多架来自世界各国的古钢琴，吸引了众多的游客前往参观。
钢琴在音乐史上占有重要的地位。欧洲在14和15世纪开始出现键盘乐器。到了16和17世纪，欧洲的钢琴制作家开始制造两种不同的键盘乐器，一种是羽管键琴，一种是击弦古钢琴。1700年，意大利管风琴制作师巴尔托洛梅奥·克里斯托福里制作出一件乐器，就是我们今天熟悉的clavichord，它使用琴槌击弦发出声音，这就是现代钢琴的雏形。17世纪，基督传教士们来到中国，带来了管风琴。19世纪中叶，随着外国传教士进入厦门，管风琴也传入厦门;20世纪初，现代钢琴才传入厦门。鼓浪屿教堂、教会学校、教会医院较多，习琴者众，风琴、钢琴引入量大，到20世纪50年代初，全岛钢琴达500多架，从而培养了许多钢琴家、音乐家。20年代的周淑安，30年代的林俊卿，50年代的殷承宗、吴天球，60年代的许斐星，80年代的许斐平，90年代的陈佐煌、许兴艾等，都是我国乃至世界著名的钢琴家、音乐家。
各位团友，我们现在到了钢琴博物馆。请随我进去参观，在美妙的琴声中度过一个愉快的下午。
钢琴博物馆里展示胡友义先生收藏的古钢琴。胡友义先生是鼓浪屿旅居澳大利亚的钢琴收藏家。鼓浪屿素有良好的音乐传统，因此胡友义先生很自然地选择他的故乡鼓浪屿来建造亚洲最大的钢琴博物馆。鼓浪屿钢琴博物馆目前展出100多架世界名古钢琴，以及100多盏珍贵的钢琴烛灯台。这些钢琴来自英、法、美、德、奥地利及澳大利亚。展馆共分两层，占地近1000平方米，全世界众多著名的钢琴家和指挥家都曾到此参观。胡友义先生的藏品有法国街头艺人卖艺的手摇钢琴，有荣获巴黎国际博览会金奖的“布洛德伍德”钢琴，有来自英国皇宫的华美的象牙琴键钢琴，有美国总统林肯喜爱“齐克宁”钢琴，有来自美国、19世纪上半叶制造的斯坦威钢琴，还有同样于19世纪上半期制造的出自奥地利的博森多福钢琴。大家还可以在这里看到世界上最高的立式钢琴、琴身最大最古老的立式钢琴、稀世名贵的镏金钢琴、能自动演奏的钢琴、有8个踏板的古钢琴、世界上最早的四角钢琴，还有最古老的手摇钢琴等。特别是在大厅中央的两架钢琴，琴身装饰着传统中国花鸟图案，以木饰拼接而成，细腻美观。每隔半小时有钢琴师现场在馆内演奏钢琴。大家可以漫步在这钢琴的王国，欣赏优美动听的琴声，沉浸在音乐之岛美妙的音乐气氛中。
第一层展厅于2000年1月对外开放，藏品包括世界上最古老的的钢琴。由钢琴家亲自打造的钢琴目前存世较少，但这架钢琴是天才作曲家穆齐奥·克莱门蒂于1801年亲手打造而成。
一层展厅还展示世界上最高的立式钢琴——1824年产自伦敦的布罗伍德钢琴。二层展厅则展示钢琴发展史，展品包括一台1928年美国制造的“海那斯”名琴。这是当时价值最昂贵的钢琴，能全自动演奏，并能完美模仿许多著名钢琴家的演奏风格。
除了展示钢琴，博物馆还展示钢琴音乐的历史和文化。
著名澳大利亚钢琴家杰弗瑞·托森是胡友义先生的莫逆之交。他说:“我为我的朋友感到自豪，他把最特别的礼物送给了中国。”根据胡友义先生和鼓浪屿区政府的协议，馆内的钢琴在展示10年后将无偿赠送给当地政府。
这些是馆内收藏的部分珍品的简要情况:
(1)科勒德钢琴
19世纪初于英国伦敦制造。当时英国没有电灯，特在琴上置一照明的烛台。
(2)克莱门蒂钢琴
19世纪初于英国伦敦制造。当年制琴师都是木匠，而克莱门蒂是著名音乐家，他手工制作的钢琴自然身价百倍。
(3)斯坦威钢琴
1864年美国纽约制造的世界名琴。国际比赛和世界上许多音乐厅都使用斯坦威钢琴演奏。
(4)罗西尼钢琴
1902年于德国制造，系皇家御用钢琴。罗西尼制琴技术高超，手工精细，专为皇室制作钢琴。
(5)科尔曼钢琴
1862年于英国伦敦制造，琴身的镏金花纹仿照中国瓷器花纹而设计，图案精美，手工精细。
(6)博森多福和贝克斯坦钢琴
博森多福钢琴为1849年于奥地利维也纳制造，而贝克斯坦钢琴为1906年于德国柏林制造。第一次世界大战中，两厂均被炸毁，因此一战以前传世的钢琴已不多见。
(7)舒楠钢琴
舒楠钢琴是一架古键琴，1906年于德国慕尼黑制造。此琴有四套琴弦、八个踏板、两层琴键，十分珍稀。
(8)勃德钢琴
1878年于法国制造，获巴黎国际博览会金奖，造型美观，琴腿为S形。
(9)巴士克钢琴
这是1899年于英国伦敦制造的手摇钢琴，用于街头、闹市卖艺演奏。
(10)奥利安钢琴
20世纪初美国制造，是馆内最复杂的钢琴，有10万多个零件，比一般钢琴多出10多倍。琴面有许多装饰性的管子，颇为奇特。
(11)布罗伍德钢琴
1824年于英国制造，是世界上最高的钢琴。演奏时，听众看不到演奏者。这种琴问世不久就没落，无人使用。
(12)齐克宁钢琴
它是世界上最大、声音最洪亮的四角钢琴。林肯总统喜欢这种琴。由于体积大，不适合家庭使用，且琴盖不向听众张开，故也不适合演奏使用。1880年后就不再制造这种钢琴了。
(13)艾德尔钢琴
19世纪初于美国纽约制造的自动钢琴，为贵族使用。虽经一个多世纪，至今音色仍然优美洪亮。
谢谢各位!
5.The Piano Museum
Ladies and gentlemen，we’re going to the Piano Museum today.On May 19th2002，Gulangyu was awarded“The Island of Music”by China Association of Musicians.With over 600 pianos owned by 17，800 permanent residents，Gulangyu has the highest per－capita concentration of pianos in China，earning it the nickname of“The Piano Island”.Many of China’s most celebrated musicians have been cultivated here.The small island is home to the only piano museumin the country.Its 100 ancient pianos collected from various countries over the past centuries make the Piano Museum a magnet for visitors.
Pianos have an important position in musical history.In the 14thand the 15th centuries keyboard instruments began to appear in Europe.In the 16thand the 17th centuries European makers produced two varieties of this kind of instrument with their strings being either vibrated or struck.In 1700，Italian harpsichord maker Bartolomeo Cristofori finished what we now know as“clavichord”using a hammer to generate sound on the string.This was the very beginning ofmodern pianos.In the 17thcentury，Christian missionaries came to China，bringing with them the organs.
In themid 19thcentury organs appeared in Xiamen with the settlementof foreign missionaries，followed by modern pianos in the early 20thcentury.Pianos and organs were most popular on Gulangyu Island where churches，missionary schools and hospitals provided a lot of musical fans.In the mid 20thcentury there were as many as 500 pianos on the small island.Local preoccupation with pianos has helped growing musicians and pianists，such as Zhou Shu’an in the 1920s，Lin Junqin in the 1930s，Yin Chengzong in the 1950s，Wu Tianqiu in the 1950s，Xu Feixing in the 1960s，Xu Feiping in the 1980s，Chen Zuohuang in the 1990s and Xu Xin’ai in the 1990s，all famous in China or even the world.
Ladies and gentlemen，we are now at the Piano Museum.I hope you are ready to tour the museum，and have a delightful afternoon，serenaded by the melodious sound of the pianos inside.
The Piano Museumdis plays early pianos donated by Mr.Hu Youyi，an Australian piano collector born on Gulangyu Island.Given Gulangyu’s musical heritage，it is no surprise that Mr.Hu chose his ancestral home for Asia’s largest piano museum，which now has over 100 world famous ancient pianos fromthe U.K.，France，the U.S.，Germany，Austria，and Australia，as well as over 100 priceless piano lamps.The Piano Museum covers a full two floors of nearly 1，000 square meters.It has been visited by famous pianists and conductors from around the world.Mr.Hu’s collection includes a French street musician’s barrel piano，the Broad wood piano that won a gold medal at the Paris International Fair，a grand piano with ivory keys from a British palace，a Chelcrerin piano cherished by US late President Lincoln，the“Steinway”piano of the United States and the“Bosendorfer”piano of Austria，both produced in the first half of the 19thcentury.Here you can also find the world’s tallest upright piano，the biggest and oldest vertical piano，a precious gilded piano，an auto－performing piano，an 8－pedal piano，the oldest square piano，and the most ancient hand－powered piano.In particular，in the center of the big hall there are two pianos，which have the patterns of flowers and birds with Chinese classical flavor meticulously and beautifully pieced together with wood.Musicians play piano once every half an hour in the museum.While enjoying the melodious piano music in this kingdom of pianos，you would be well immersed in the musical atmosphere of the Islet.
The first of the two halls，opened January of 2000，has the collection’s oldest piano.Few pianos were actually built by pianists，but this instrument was crafted in 1801 by visionary composer Muzio Clementi.
Hall No.1 also has the world’s tallest upright piano，the 1824 Broad wood ＆ Sons，from London，and Hall No.2 showcases the development of the piano with exhibits like the 1928 Haines.The most expensive piano of its era，this American marvel was completely automatic，able to perfectly imitate the styles of many well known pianists.
The museum also showcases the history and culture of piano music.
The famous Australian pianist Jefferly Toson is the sworn friend of Mr.Hu Youyi，the latter said，“I’m proud of my friend;he gave the most special gift to China.”According to an agreement between Mr.Hu and the Gulangyu District Government，the pianos would be on show for 10 years in the museum and then be donated to the local government.
Here are gems of the collection:
(1)Collar＆Collar
It was built in London at the beginning of the 19thcentury.A candlestick is set on the piano for light because there was no electric light in the UK.
(2)Clementi
It was built in London at the beginning of the 19thcentury.Piano makers were also carpenters at that time.Clementi was a famous musician.The piano he crafted was therefore invaluable.
(3)Steinway＆Sons
It was produced in New York in 1864.Steinway pianos are played in many international competitions and concerts.
(4)Rossini
The royal piano was made in Germany in 1902.Rossini was an expert in piano－making，and was specially invited to make pianos for royal families.
(5)Kirkman
Made in London in 1862，it is impressive for the gilded patterns imitating those of Chinese porcelains，and for the exquisite workmanship.
(6)Bosendorfer ＆ Benchstein
The former was made in Vienna in 1849 and the latter in Berlin in 1906.The two piano－manufacturers were bombed during the World War I，so the pianos produced before the war are rarely seen.
(7)Schramm
The harpsichord was made in Munich in 1906.With 4 sets of strings，8 pedals and 2 layers of keys，it was rather valuable.
(8)Bord
Made in France in 1878，the piano won a gold prize in the Paris International Fair.Pleasing in form，the piano has S－shaped legs.
(9)Pasquale＆Son
It is a hand－powered piano made in London in 1899.This kind of pianos is played by performers making a living in streets and markets.
(10)Aollein
Made in the US at the beginning of20thcentury，itwas the most complicated piano in the museum.It has over100 thousand parts，10 times more than ordinary pianos.It is decorated with many fancy，ornamental pipes.
(11)Broad wood＆Son
Made in UK in 1824，it is the tallest piano in the world.The audience couldn’t see the performers when the piano is played.It was no longer in use shortly after it was produced.
(12)Chelcrerin ＆ Son
This is the biggest and most resonant square piano in the world.It was favored by US late President Lincoln.It is not suitable for family use because of its big size，and not suitable for performance because the piano cover does not open to its audience.No production of this kind was made after 1880.
(13)Marshall Mendell
It is an auto－performing piano for noble families.It was made in New York at the beginning of the 19thcentury.With a history of over one century，it still sounds beautiful and resonant.
Thank you.
Vocabulary:
harpsichord n.羽管键琴
clavichord n.击弦古钢琴
organ n.风琴
serenade vt.为…唱小夜曲
barrel piano n.手摇钢琴
vertical piano n.立式钢琴
showcase v.展示
sworn friend n.莫逆之交
resonant adj.洪亮的
6.万石植物园
今天我们要参观的厦门园林植物园素有“大自然爱好者天堂”美称。它位于厦门东部的万石山，又称厦门万石植物园。万石山有山有水，自然风光秀丽，历史古迹众多，是厦门国家级风景名胜区鼓浪屿——万石山风景名胜区的一部分。
美丽的万石植物园位于厦门市区，是福建省第一个植物园，1960年对外开放，占地2.27平方公里。园内引进和驯化的热带、亚热带植物超过6300多种。难怪有人称它为“绿植博物馆”。现在，我们就进入园林植物园去观赏稀有的植物，然后再参观各景点。
植物园内有29个专类园区和种植区，包括南洋杉园区、松杉园、棕榈园、百花厅、竹类植物区、玫瑰园、兰花圃、和沙生植物区等。植物园经过精心设计，依中国传统园林建筑布局，园内种植的植物约为180万株。
各位团友，这园名是中国当代著名作家茅盾题写的。园门两旁种着各种花草树木。
各位团友，这是万石湖，建于1952年，原来是一个水库。经过多年的修饰和建设，现在成为十分秀美的平湖了，植物园则依湖而建。这些是1978年种植的华盛顿棕。前面湖中的“春秋桥”横卧碧波，连接竹径和棕榈岛。
这里是松杉园，种植松、杉、柏树80多种，主要有红杉、水杉和银杉。这里的红杉仅产于加州和中国中部地区。水杉和银杉是世界上最古老的树种，生活在300万年前，被称为“活化石”。在松杉园里还种着一些南洋杉，是厦门和友好城市美国巴尔的摩、英国加的夫、日本佐世保的友谊树。此外还种有美国前总统尼克松1972年访华时带来的美国红杉。这里还有世界三大观赏树:中国金钱松、日本金松和南洋杉。
各位团友，松杉园后面就是标本楼，用于种植四季花卉，进行植物研究。顶楼陈列盆景雅雕。其中最为引人注目的是一盆古榔榆盆景，树龄长达300年。这里整年花开不断，万紫千红。这一片种植一些中国本土有名的花卉，有月季、水仙、茶花、牡丹等花。这些花原产于中国，现在已被引种到世界各地。园内有些植物是国家保护品种，有些则具有很高的科研价值。
各位团友，现在我们到竹类植物区参观。区内一条石径蜿蜒而行，叫做“竹径”，两旁栽种近100个品种的竹类植物。走到竹径尽头，我们就来到万石湖上的春秋桥。
中国人有句话说得好，“宁可食无肉，不可居无竹”。你们知道吗?身材高大的竹子，其实是草本植物。竹子是世界上生长最快的植物之一，在生长期内一般每天生长3—10厘米，夜深人静的时候，甚至能听到竹子生长的声音呢。
竹子有1000多种用途，自古以来就在中国人的日常生活中广泛使用。竹子可以做成家具，如竹椅、竹床、竹桌等，中国的毛笔也是竹子做的。在造纸术发明之前，中国人在竹简上写字，我们吃饭也用竹筷，当然，我们还吃竹笋。竹子象征谦虚、忠诚、刚正不阿，是中国绘画、书法、诗歌中的重要主题。
世界上的竹子种类共有1000多种，其中的200多种生长在中国。在闽北地区，甚至还有一种方竹呢。
过了春秋桥就是棕榈区了，种植各种棕榈类植物70多种，真是一个棕榈树的世界。看到那些伊拉克蜜枣树了吗?每株一年可结果200千克，可以作为粮食代用品。这些印尼糖棕的经济价值更高，一株可年产砂糖50千克，是居民食用糖的主要来源。这两株大海枣树是1984年前国家领导人胡耀邦同志送来的“中日青年友谊树”。
各位团友，这里是桉树园，原来是一大片柠檬桉林。这些高大清香的树据说能防蚊。现在这里种植了许多稀有树木，很多植物的名字多数人连听都没听过。在桉树林的西头，有一丛交缠的有刺植物，引种自东南亚，它是藤制品的原料，可以长到300多米长呢。
各位团友，接下来我们要参观蔷薇园。各种蔷薇竞相开放，园圃里有大片绒毛草地，溪涧泻下的涓涓细流汇聚成一汪水池，红、白莲花在这里常年开放。池中生长的大王莲是19世纪的植物画家们最为喜爱的花卉之一。宽大的叶子在边沿卷起，直径达到2米以上，据说能承载75公斤以上的重量呢。
草地背后就是有名的“象鼻峰”。象鼻是花岗岩天成的，鼻尖伸向天空，十分神似。过去象鼻峰四周是成排的岩石，一个朝向，宛如群臣拿着笏板向天子朝拜一样。现在经过绿化，所有坡面和石缝里均种上台湾相思树和其他引种树木，已经看不到成排的朝天石笏了。
各位团友，现在我们去看新碑林。新碑林位于长寿峡，从1982年开始，厦门园林植物园广求海内外书法名家、诗人的墨宝佳作，5年间得400多幅，于1988年镌刻于巨石上。为区别于园中原有的古崖刻，特取名“新碑林”。众多书法家留下无数风格各异的作品，赞美祖国的自然风光，表达对祖国深深的爱。园内的花、树、石相结合，给游客以诗情画意的感受。
我们再来看看这里的多肉植物区，这是园里的新景观。这里有1000多平米的螺壳形仙人掌展览温室，展示了1200多个品种的多肉植物，是全国最具规模的多肉植物温室。
除了主展温室外，这里还开辟了一个微沙漠，这是一个模拟沙漠的人工生态环境，种植各种仙人掌，形成沙漠绿洲景观。沙丘、旱河、绿洲构成了这个多肉植物王国，成为植物园的新景观。
近年来又把温室里驯化的仙人掌搬到室外，并引入了许多新品种。厦门地区大约从20世纪20年代就开始引种仙人掌及其他多肉植物，经过多年努力，植物园已成为国内的主要引种地之一。人们正在研究这些多肉植物的药用特性。有一种有毒仙人掌引起了人们的关注，因为它可以提取用来杀死癌细胞的成分。
各位团友，我们现在去观赏引种驯化区的奇树异花。从异国他乡引种来的植物新品种，在引种驯化区经过驯化以适应厦门的新环境后，经过培育再推广到国内其他地方去。现在这里有1000多种奇花异木，诸如能吃昆虫的澳大利亚猪笼草，其花如有盖的猪笼，昆虫一旦飞入，笼口盖子会主动闭紧，吃掉昆虫;还有会跳舞的舞草、变酸为甜的神秘果、沙漠矿泉旅人蕉，还有世界上生长速度最快的水团花树。更多新奇有趣的植物，等待大家去发现!
紧靠驯化区的就是百花厅了。实际上它是一个独立的园中园，是植物园里品味最高的游览点，包括花展馆、荷塘、荫棚、驯化室和苗圃、温室等。花展馆面积1000多平方米，分5个展区，一派江南园林景象。一进门，一个椭圆荷塘展现面前，荷塘里有一尊白鹭女神雕塑。雕塑后面种了18棵高大的玉兰树。玉兰树前边就是专门种植阴生植物的荫棚。4米多高的棚架下种植了2000多种阴生植物，种类之多仅次于华南植物园。盆栽、地被、攀援、悬挂和水生植物等令人目不暇接!大家可以感受下这里的清静和鸟语花香。
在白鹭女神雕像的身后连着驯化区的温室，这里培育引种的1000多种热带亚热带植物，大致可分为观赏、食用、药用、绿化、工业用等范畴。
这里是南洋杉广场，广场四周是高耸的杉树，树下种植各种花卉。西端有1984年前国家领导人邓小平视察厦门时亲手种下的香樟树。
各位团友，万石植物园风光如画，古迹众多，它既是植物园，又是公园。厦门大小8景中，植物园就占了5景，居全市之首。这里文物荟萃，自古为游览胜地，清初名士薛起凤赞称:“山岩多胜概，万古独称奇。”园中有近100多幅古代石刻，更有民族英雄郑成功屯兵厦门的遗迹多处，据说他和其他一些名人一样，常到此处读书。大家可以在风景如画的小路上漫步，或者在这座美丽的花园里消磨一整天!
各位团友，植物园的讲解就到此结束，谢谢合作!
6.Xiamen Wanshi Botanical Garden
Today we’re visiting Xiamen Botanical Garden，a nature lover’s paradise.Located in Wanshi Mountain on the east side of the city，the garden is commonly known as Xiamen Wanshi Botanical Garden.Wanshi Mountain，or Ten－thousand Rocks Mountain，is a natural landscape of lakes and mountains.With both natural scenic beauty and historical sites，it is part of the Gulangyu－Wanshi Scenic Area，a national park of China.
The first of its kind in Fujian，this delightful botanical oasis was opened in 1960 right in downtown Xiamen，and covers 2.27 square kilometers.More than 6，300 species of tropical and subtropical plants have been introduced and domesticated here.No wonder it is called a“Green Museum”.Let’s visit the rare plants here in the garden before we go to the scenic spots.
The garden consists of 29 specialized sections，including araucaria garden，conifer garden，palmgarden，hundred－flower exhibition hall，bamboo garden，rose garden，orchid garden，and cactus garden.It is a carefully designed botanical garden based on an architectural layout of the Chinese ancient gardens.With an area of about 2.27 square kilometers，the garden houses about 1.8 million plants.
Look at the name of the garden.It was written by a famous modern Chinese writer Mao Dun.You can find various plants near the gate.
This is Wanshi Lake，a reservoir built in 1952.After years of renovation，it has become a beautiful lake around which the botanical garden was extended.These are Washingtonia robusta planted in 1978.The Spring＆Autumn Bridge over there connects the Bamboo Path and the Palm Garden.
This is the Conifer Garden，where you can find a collection of over 80 species of pines，cypress and firs，including sequoia，metasequoia and silver fir.The sequoia is found only in California and Central China.The metasequoia and silver fir，known as“live fossil plants”，are the world’s most ancient tree species growing around 3 million years ago.Also in the Conifer Garden，some araucaria trees grow to honor the city’s friendly ties with its sister cities Baltimore，Cardiff，and Sasebo.Some American red pines were introduced to the garden by the late US President Nixon when he visited China in 1972.All the three major ornamental tree species of the world，the Chinese Golden Larch，Japanese Umbrella Pine，and Banya Pine，are found here.
Behind the fir section is the Specimen Building，where flower exhibitions are held and research work carried out.On its roof there is a fascinating collection of bonsai or miniature potted landscapes.The most revered item here is a potted landscape containing a 300－year－old Chinese Elm.Flowers are blooming all year round.This section of the garden displays China’s indigenous domestic flowers，the Chinese rose，narcissus，peony，camellia and many others.All of these flowers originated in China but are now found in gardens over the world in various forms.Some plants here are under state protection，and some are of great scientific value.
Ladies and gentlemen，here we are in the Bamboo Garden.This winding path is the Bamboo Path，with nearly 100 bamboo species growing on both sides.At the end of the path，we can see the Chunqiu Bridge，or the“Spring＆Autumn Bridge”，over the Wanshi Lake.
Chinese have long said，“I’d rather live without meat than live without bamboo.”Can you believe that these tall plants are actually grass?Bamboo is one of the fastest－growing plants on Earth.A typical growth rate is in the range of 3-10 cm per day during the growing period.You could practically hear them grow in the quiet of the night.
Bamboo has well over 1，000 kinds of uses.Since ancient times，bamboo has been widely used in the daily life of the Chinese people.It is made into bamboo chairs，bamboo beds，bamboo tables and other furniture.Chinese writing brushes are made of bamboo，and before paper was invented，Chinese people wrote on bamboo slips.We also eat with bamboo chopsticks，besides eating bamboo shoots.Moreover，bamboo is viewed as a symbol of traditional Chinese values.Bamboo represents the character of moral integrity，resistance，modesty and loyalty.These values are one of the major themes in Chinese painting，calligraphy and poetry.
China has over200 of the world’s1，000 species of bamboo.In North Fujian you can even find rare square bamboo!
Over the Chunqiu Bridge，there is the Palm Garden.In this section，over 70 palmspecies are growing，making it a world of palmtrees.Do you see the date palms?Each of them can bear 200 kilograms of dates annually，which can be used as meals for desert people.The Indonesian Sugar Palmis of higher economic value.Each can produce 50 kilograms of sugar annually，a major source of sugar for local Indonesians.The two big date palms were brought here by the former Chinese leader Hu Yaobang in 1984 to honor the friendship between Chinese and Japanese youths.
Ladies and gentlemen，this is the Eucalyptus Garden.There used to be a forest of lemon－scented gums here.The tall and scented trees are said to be free from mosquitoes.Now some rare tree species have been planted here，and many of their names are even unheard of.In the west of the forest grows a shrub of tangled spiky vines introduced from Southeast Asia.They are good materials for rattan products.Some of the vines can grow300 meters long.
The next section is the Rose Garden.As we can see，roses of various kinds dot here and there among pieces of meadows.Mountain brooks run into a small lotus pond，where white and red lotus flowers are in full bloom all year round.In the pond grows the giant King Lotus.This is a plant which was much loved by 19th－century botanical illustrators.It curls up at the edges of its vast leaves—up to two meters in diameter—which，several sources claim，can support weights of up to 75 kilograms.
Behind the meadow is the well－known Xiangbi Peak.Xiangbi Peak，or Elephant Trunk Peak，is a big granite rock naturally shaped like a huge elephant trunk pointing to the sky.Rows of rocks used to stand around the Xiangbi Peak，as if groups of ancient officials holding jade scepter boards are having an audience with an emperor.The rock rows are no longer in sight because they are covered with Taiwan Acacia trees and other introduced species.
Next，let’s take a look at the New Stone Tablets collection down the Changshou Gorges.The collecting of calligraphy works started in 1982 from calligraphers and poets home and abroad，and in 1988，over 400 pieces of calligraphy works were inscribed on rocks here.To make a distinction between the ancient stone inscriptions throughout the garden and the modern ones，people name this section the New Stone Tablets.Many noted calligraphers left numerous works of various styles here，describing the natural beauty around and showing their deep love to the country.The inscriptions，flowers and trees together present some poetic and pictorial splendor to visitors.
Also visit the Succulent Plant Section，a newly built attraction in the garden.There is a 1，000－square－meter shell－shaped cactus greenhouse.Over 1，200 species of cactus plants live here，making it the largest greenhouse of its kind.
There is also a desert garden here.It is a simulation of ecological desert environment with cactus.Sand dunes，dried rivers in the green oasis make a new sight for the botanical garden.
In recent years，the cactuses growing in the greenhouse have been moved outside and many more species introduced.The introduction of succulent plants to the city started from the 1920s，and after so many years，the botanical garden has earned itself a good reputation in the country for cactus introduction and planting.Much research is being carried out into the medicinal properties of these plants.A species is of particular interest;it apparently contains a protein capable of killing cancer cells.
Let’s visit some rare species in the Introduction and Domestication Section.These introduced plants are domesticated and nurtured here and then introduced to other places in the country.You will find over 1，000 rare species in this section，like the Tropical Pitcher Plant from Australia.Its flower is shaped like a trap with a lid and when insects go into its flower，the lid closes tight and the insects are killed inside.There’s also the Telegraph Grass that can dance，the Miracle Fruits that will turn from sour to sweet，the Traveler’s Trees from desert，and the Pilula Adina，the plant with the fastest growing speed.You can find more in the world of rare plants.
The Baihuating，or the One－hundred－flower Exhibition Hall，is close by.It actually is a secluded garden，the most charming part in the botanical garden.The exhibition hall consists of flower displaying areas，lotus ponds，shade sheds，domestication rooms，nurseries，as well as greenhouses.The flower displaying area alone covers over 1，000 square meters divided into 5 sections，all carefully designed in traditional Chinese style.Near the entrance lies an oval lotus pond，where you will see a statue of Egret Goddess.Behind the statue stand 18 tall magnolia trees.In front of the trees is a shed for shade plants.The 4－meter high shed frame shelters over 2000 species of shade plants，the second largest of its kind next to Hua’nan Botanical Garden.Potted plants，grounded plants，hanging plants，climbing plants，pond plants and many more will be a feast for the eyes!Enjoy the quietness，flower fragrance and birds’singing here!
Behind the statue of Egret Goddess，a greenhouse displays more than 1，000 tropical and subtropical plants from particular parts of the world.They are planted for food，forestation，and for ornamental，medicinal，and industrial uses.
Here is the Araucaria Lawn，surrounded with tall firs and flowers under them.A camphor tree was planted here in 1984 by former Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping.
Well，ladies and gentlemen，the botanical garden is a unique combination of botanical garden and park with picturesque sceneries and historical sights.The garden tops the list of Xiamen’s Eight Views by holding five of them.With historic remains scattering about，this place became a scenic spot for tourists since ancient times.Xue Qifeng，a famous scholar of early Qing Dynasty，praised it in one of his poems like this—“Hills and rocks combine all the views and the garden has been claiming unparalleled wonder through the ages.”There are nearly 100 ancient calligraphic inscriptions carved in rocks.It’s said that General Zheng Chenggong stationed some of his troops in this area，and often came here to read，as did many other great men.You can walk on the beautifully landscaped trials winding among nurseries，or even happily spend a whole day in this outstanding garden.
That’s all for today’s trip to the botanical garden.Thank you!
Vocabulary:
Domesticate v.驯化
Araucaria n.南洋杉
Conifer n.针叶树
cypress n柏树
sequoia n.红杉
Baltimore n.巴尔的摩，美国马里兰州的一城市
Cardiff n.(英国城市)加的夫
Sasebo 佐世保(日本九州岛西北岸港市)
Indigenous adj.土生土长的
Camellia n.山茶花
eucalyptus n桉树
rattan n.藤条
scepter n.(尤指象征君主权位的)权杖
to have and audience with 拜会
succulent adj.(植物)茎叶肥厚含水分多的
simulation n.模拟
nursery n.苗圃
magnolia n.玉兰
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