滨海火山国家地质公园

二、滨海火山国家地质公园

众所周知，我们眼前美丽的地形地貌，是地球经过46亿年的地壳运动才形成的，是大自然留给人类的珍贵遗产。漳州滨海火山地质公园包括林进屿古火山岛、香山、牛头山古火山口、南碇岛、鱼鳞石山等，是集娱乐、观光为一体的综合性旅游风景区。今天我们就去领略一下古火山岛林进屿的特殊地质风貌。

1.林进屿

大家好!今天我要带你们去游览一个小岛——林进屿。它是漳州滨海火山国家地质公园的一部分，这个地质公园以特殊的火山地貌和保存完好的火山遗迹著称。

林进屿位于漳浦县海域，距岸约2公里，是个无人居住的小岛。从远处看，小岛像一颗圆锥形的黑宝石，镶嵌在万顷碧波之上。这个神奇的古火山岛迄今已有2000多万年的历史，是西太平洋新生代火山岩带的重要组成部分。它独特的地质特征构成一部欧亚板块与环太平洋地区交界的地质演化历史。

林进屿的名称来自一个民间传说。据说明朝年间，当地有个叫林震的人，身患麻风，被弃于这个孤岛上。他以岛上动植物和水为食生存下来，专心致志读书备考。后来他的病不治而愈，学业也大有长进，最后他在殿试中钦定第一名，中了状元，并在京城任职八年。在今天的漳州和长泰县还保留着“状元坊”和“状元井”遗迹。这个小岛就此被称为“林震屿”。为避免使用尊长的名字来命名，此岛后来改称“林进屿”。回避尊长的名讳在中国是一种传统习俗。

现在我们已经登上林进屿，请大家小心。在漫长的地质演化过程中，林进屿形成了罕见的火山地貌景观，如玄武岩石群、熔岩湖，以及巨型柱状节理。

岛的中央是郁郁葱葱的山峰，海拔约73米。岛上有甘泉流淌，林间有山羊奔走。岛的四周是火山喷发后形成的玄武岩石群，层次清楚，小巧玲珑，像一座大盆景安放在海洋中。有的玄武岩石在海浪千百年不停的雕镌下，形成各种各样的自然景观。

林进屿的火山遗迹非常罕见，因为它是国内唯一的有古火山喷气口的火山岛。在火山岛东北侧的海滩上，可以看到16个大大小小的圆形火山喷气口紧连在一起。由于这岛上的喷气口分布得非常集中，所以人们就称这一带为喷气口群。这些火山喷气口直径大小不一，小的只有几厘米，大的30多米。我们可以想象一下这些火山喷发时那壮观的场面。大家可能想知道这些火山喷气口是怎么形成的。火山喷气口和火山岩浆口不一样，它喷出的不是岩浆，而主要是蒸汽和各种气体。当喷气口周围的岩浆冷却以后，就慢慢变成我们今天看到的样子。有些专家也称之为“熔岩湖”。

大家看，这几个火山喷气口蓄满清水，水里有小鱼儿游来游去，喷发时的气孔、气柱依然清晰可见。据当地渔民说，每当天气变坏，火山喷气口便会升腾起缕缕青烟，渔民们便赶紧收帆起网，回港避风浪。

大家请看，这是玄武岩巨型柱状节理，它构成岛上另一种奇观。这种奇观在林进屿周边的南碇岛和鱼鳞石山更为多见。南碇岛全岛约有140万根巨型石柱，柱体呈多边形，垂在20至50米高的崖壁上，远远望去，像少女的秀发飘在海面上，非常优雅。走近一看，像无数条巨龙擎天而起，顶住蓝天，而巨柱的横断面在阳光的照耀下，像巨龙的鳞片熠熠生辉。

此外，岛上还有古火山喷口景观、古火山岩海石景观、古火山颈景观、海蚀熔岩洞景观等，十分神奇。

林进屿岛上，到处是火山喷发形成的石头，千奇百怪，形态各异，鬼斧神工，惟妙惟肖。

漳州滨海火山地质公园的林进屿，具有很高的学术和艺术价值，是科研和艺术创作的好去处。

Coastal Volcanic National Geological Park

As you can see，the beautiful landscapes around us today are a treasure with that nature endows us as a result of 4.6 billion years of crustal movement.The Coastal Volcanic National Geological Park in Zhangzhou includes Linjinyu Ancient Volcanic Island，Xiangshan Mountain，Niutoushan Ancient Volcanic Island，Nanding Island，and Yulingshi Mountain.It is a park for sightseeing and relaxation.Today we’re going to visit the ancient volcanic island——Linjinyu Island，and witness the natural wonders there.

1.Linjin Island

Hello everyone!Today I’ll take you to a small isle，the Linjin Isle，where we can visit a part of the Coastal Volcanic National Geological Park，known for its special volcanic topography and well－preserved volcanic remnants.

Located along the coast of Zhangpu County，Linjin Island is an uninhabited small island 2 kilometers away from the seashore.Seen from afar，it looks like a cone－shaped black gemstone embedded in the vast blue sea.The miracle ancient volcanic island has been standing there for more than 20 million years.It belongs to the Cenozoic volcanic rocks belt in the West Pacific Ocean，and with its unique geological characteristics，the island witnessed the history of geological changes in the border area between Circum－Pacific Belt and Eurasian Plate.

Linjin Island got its name from a folktale.It’s said that during the Ming Dynasty，a local leper called Lin Zhen was forsaken at the isolated island.He then lived on the water，animals and plants that could be found on the island，and concentrated on his studying for imperial examinations.Later his leprosy cured itself miraculously and he also made great progress in his study.Finally he came first in the highest imperial examination，and took office in the capital city for 8 years.In Zhangzhou，there are places like:“Number 1 Scholar Lane”and“Number 1 Scholar Well”，which seem to prove the legendary tale.This small island was given the name“Linzhen Island”，which was later changed to Linjin Island because of a China’s cultural taboo against speaking or writing the names of exalted persons.

We are now standing on the island，please watch your steps.During the long geological evolution，some extremely rare volcanic landforms were left here，like basalt boulders，lava lakes and huge columnar jointing.

In the center of the island stands a lush mountain 73 meters high.Here you will see springs flowing and goats running among trees.Scattering around the island are basalt boulders that were formed after volcanic eruptions.The boulders with layers of different colors and small sizes make a huge bonsai on the sea，which has been carving these boulders into various natural sights over thousands of years.

The volcanic remnants on Linjin Island are extremely rare because the island is China’s only volcanic island with ancient vents.There are 16 big and small round eruptive vents distributed along the northeast beach.As the eruptive vents are quite concentrated on the island，people call this area the“group of eruptive vents”.The diameters of these eruptive vents range fromseveral centimeters to 30 meters.So we can imagine how spectacular those volcanic eruptions would be.You may ask how these eruptive vents were formed.Different froma crater，an eruptive vent spews up no lava，but mainly steam and various gases.After the lava around the eruptive vent cooled down，it gradually turned into whatwe see today.Some experts call them lava lakes.

Look at these eruptive vents filled with clear water and small swimming fish.You can still see the blowholes and gas plumes clearly.Local fishermen said when the weather turns bad，smoke will rise from the eruptive vents，and the fishermen would accordingly take in their sails and go back to the harbor.

Another wonder in the island are these columnar basalt boulders，which can be found in the nearby Nanding Island and Yulinshi Mountain in greater amounts.It is said the entire Nanding Island is comprised of more than 1.4 million columnar basalt boulders in multilateral shapes.Hanging from cliffs of 20－50 meters high，these boulders look like girls’hairs gracefully floating on the sea when they are seen from afar.When you look closer，these boulders look like countless huge dragons rising up to the blue sky，and under the sunlight，the cross section of the boulders shines beautifully like scales of the dragons.

In addition，you will also find wonders of ancient volcanic rocks，ancient volcanic plugs，and marine lava caves in this magic island.

In Linjin Island，volcanic boulders in various sizes and shapes are everywhere.They may look like anything if you use your imagination.

With high academic and artistic value，the national geological park is a good place indispensable both scientifically and artistically.

Vocabulary:

crustal　　　adj.地壳的

topography　　　n.地貌

embed　　　v.使嵌入

Eurasian　　　adj.欧亚的

leper　　　n.麻风病患者

forsake　　　v.遗弃

leprosy　　　n.麻风病

exalted　　　adj.(地位)高的

basalt　　　n.玄武岩

columnar jointing　　　柱状节理

vent　　　n.喷气口

spew　　　v.喷出

2.香山

欢迎来到漳州滨海火山国家地质公园香山景区。香山景区是公园的主要景区之一。公园总面积100平方公里，其中陆地面积约占30平方公里。请看我们身边这张景区规划示意图，可以看到长达18公里的海岸线，公园就沿着海岸线分布。专家经考察鉴定，认为这是我国规模最大、保存最完整的唯一滨海火山地质公园。2001年它被批准为首批国家地质公园。

请看，这是我们公园的标志牌，三根花岗岩石柱呈品字形排列，形成象形文字“火”。中间贯穿着黑色的玄武岩石板，寓意沸腾的玄武岩从花岗岩间喷发而出，又体现出“山”的字形。标志牌整体向南倾斜，暗示了公园“滨海”的特点。碑的背景是柱状玄武岩节理柱造型，左边是火山岩石蛋造型和人造瀑布景观。

现在我们来到火山广场。大家看，前面是仿古建筑玄武亭。东面一座古亭是香姑亭，下面有两个水池。玄武亭是为了纪念长达2000万年间的火山喷发历史。亭子的背景是高耸的香山，它是一座火山锥，坐落在海拔30米的熔岩平台上。火山土的截面呈现出层叠不同的火山灰或风化迹象，表明香山也是经多次火山喷发堆积而成的。也许有很多人会认为火山喷发过的地方都寸草不生，可是火山灰地形却给你相反的答案。火山灰是火山喷发中细屑的物质，其中含有大量的矿物质和丰富的二氧化碳，在这样的土壤中，只要有雨水和阳光，植物就会长得生机勃勃。

从火山广场向西，便来到一条绿色长廊，600余种奇花异树在这里生长。让我们在富含负氧离子的新鲜空气中来个空气浴吧!

现在请大家极目远眺，看到那边的盾状火山地貌景观了吗?那就是“皇后乳”。这位皇后仰卧大地，全身形体健美，符合现代美女标准。皇后乳双峰是烟墩山和烟楼山，高30米，是典型的盾状火山地貌。巧合的是当地历史上确实出过一位皇妃呢。

远看海滩，细软的沙滩，蔚蓝的海水，明媚的阳光，温柔的海风，一派醉人的风光。近看码头旁边有个石滩，石滩上淡褐色的花岗石中间有几条黑色玄武岩镶嵌其中。这是火山喷涌的结果。西北角这栋仿古建筑是旅游餐厅。这里的特色风味是来自海峡的“野生”海鲜。

我们到问月亭休息一下吧。我向大家介绍一棵树王，这棵又高又粗的树有100岁了，当时花了10万元才把它移植到这里。

下面我们来到香山古堡。这是香山景区的标志性建筑。这是座坚固的花岗岩建筑，现在用作景区的闽南民俗表演馆。我们可以进去看看漳州布袋木偶戏、漳浦剪纸等精彩的闽南民间艺术表演。

各位来宾，这是地质博物馆，它可以为你解答一些超级地质难题。诸如火山是怎样形成的?为什么说我们现在正踩在太平洋火山环上?是什么超能量推动着大陆板块漂移?大海和高山又是怎样形成的?

沿着海边栈道前行，我们可以观赏到“八卦莲花盘”。它是由几个火山喷气口构成的，岩浆流冷却并凝固后就成了这样的莲花状火山地貌，真是大自然的杰作呀。闭上眼睛，想象一下沸腾的岩浆在2000万年前从你的脚下喷发的样子吧。

这是公园的另一个景点，海誓山盟台。是由数万根玄武岩节理构成的心形平台。这是相爱的人们山盟海誓地久天长、印证爱情的好地方。

这条从香山延伸入海的玄武岩石墙，长约200米，宽30—50厘米，当地人称它龙脉。它是东海与南海的分水岭。

在我们身下这片平缓的沙滩上，散落着远古火山喷发带来的无数黑色玄武岩块。它们经过亿万年的沧桑演变，留给我们的是一种宁静与神秘。现在，让我们到这片沙滩去吧!

2.Xiangshan Mountain

Welcome to Xiangshan Mountain，one of the major scenic spots of the Zhangzhou Coastal Volcanic National Geological Park.The park covers a total area of 100 square kilometers，30%of which is land area.This map beside us shows the 18－kilometer coastal line along which the park is located.Experts confirms that the park is the largest and best preserved coastal volcanic park in the country，and the only one of its kind.In 2001 the park was listed as one of the first national geological parks in the country.

Please look at the sign of the park here.The 3 standing granite columns are arranged in the form of a Chinese pictograph“huo”，meaning“fire”.The black basalt slab across the granite columns signifies boiling basalt magma erupting from among the granite，and also helps form the Chinese character“shan”，the mountain.The sign slants toward the south，implying this is a coastal park.And the background of the sign，as you can see，is the constellation of columnar basalts，with round volcanic boulders and artificial waterfalls to the left.

Nowwe’re in Volcano Square.Here you will see some ancient style architecture，like the pavilions over there.The one with 2 pools down it is Xianggu Pavilion.The Xuanwu Pavilion was built to mark the volcanic eruptions during the long geological period of 20 million years.Behind it is the high Xiangshan Mountain，a volcanic cone sitting on the 30－meter high lava terrace.Layers of different volcanic cinder and weathering patterns shown in the cross section are proof that the mountain was formed after many volcanic eruptions.Contrary to what people might think，the volcanic cinder，rich in minerals and carbon dioxide，makes fertile soil for plants.With such soil，plants grow vigorously in Xiangshan Mountain when there is adequate rain water and sunlight.

To the west of the Volcano Square，you’ll see a forest where over 600 rare plants are growing.You can breathe in the fresh air with high concentration of negative oxygen ion!

Can you see the shield volcano far away there?It’s commonly known as“Queen’s Breasts”.With healthy and graceful figure，the lying queen even meets the standard of a modern beauty.The Yandun Mountain and Yanlou Mountain，the queen’s two“breasts”，are typical shield volcanic landforms.It’s a coincidence that a princess in history did come from this place.

Looking into the distance，we can see charming beaches with fine sands，blue sea，bright sunlight and gentle breezes.Next to the dock there is a stone beach，where you can find light brown granite stones inlayed with black basalt stones.This is a result of volcanic eruption.

The building of ancient style over there in the northwest corner is a restaurant.The special cuisine served is the wild seafood from the Taiwan Straits.

Let’s take a rest in Wenyue Pavilion.I’d like to introduce a tree to you.That tall and thick tree is about100 years old.It took 100 thousand Yuan to have the tree relocated to this place.

Our next stop is Xiangshan Castle，a landmark building of the area.In the strong granite building we can watch Zhangzhou’s puppet show，Zhangpu’s paper cutting art and other folk arts in South Fujian.

This is the Geologic Museum.It will tell you how the volcanoes were formed，why we are now standing on the Pacific Volcanic Ring，what moved the continent plates，and how the ocean and mountains were formed.

Let’s walk along the seaside plank road.Here is a group of volcanic eruptive vents shaped in a huge lotus.Formed by cooled－down and solidified lava flows，it is the masterpiece of nature again!Close your eyes and imagine the boiling lava down to your feet 20 million years ago.

Here is another attraction in the park，a heart－shaped plat form made of tens of thousands of columnar basalt boulders.It’s a place for lovers，young or old，to make pledge of their eternal loyalty to each other.

This basalt wall extending from Xiangshan Mountain is 200 meters long and 30 to 50 meters wide.Local people compare it to a dragon vein.Geologically it is a basalt dyke，and is the watershed of the East Sea and the South Sea.

On the gentle beach under our feet，numerous black basalt rocks from ancient volcanic eruptions are lying here and there.After the great changes over the millions of years，the beach is now displaying a particular kind of serenity and mystery in front of us.Now let’s go and enjoy it!

Vocabulary:

pictograph　　　n.象形文字

slab　　　n.厚板

magma　　　n.岩浆

slant　　　v.倾斜

terrace　　　n.阶地

cinder　　　n.煤渣

negative oxygen ion　　　n.［医］负氧离子

inlay　　　v.嵌入