二、武夷山主要景点
1.大红袍
天车架
各位团友，我们现在看到的这条小溪，叫“章堂涧”。章堂涧是武夷山景区北部最长的一条山涧，我们将沿着小溪走几百米，去看天车架。
请大家顺着我手指的方向看，在丹霞嶂半壁有几个互相毗连的岩洞，洞中有几幢小木楼，或藏于洞中，或濒临崖畔，上下悬梯，左右环栏。岩洞外面立着几根木头，用以安装天车，以便将施工材料从岩底直接吊上去，天车是一种类似定滑轮的起重机械。这些“空中楼阁”是清咸丰年间，崇安县的土豪劣绅为躲避太平军而建造的。丹霞嶂岩洞，看似无路可攀，但只要从山后绕到丹霞嶂顶，而后从山顶的岩洞口顺梯而下，便可到达其中。
鹰嘴岩
我们已经从天车架向西走了几百米。大家看到的这座岩石就是鹰嘴岩。这是一块陡峭如刀削的巨大山石，兀自挺立于峡谷之中，像一只凶猛的山鹰，欲振翅翱翔，搏击苍穹。鹰嘴岩岩顶东端向前突出，尖曲如喙。
这条小溪叫流香涧。流香涧原名倒水坑，一位诗人游历至此，只见溪涧两旁，花草丛生，香气袭人，便将其改名为流香涧。
大红袍茶树
各位团友，我们已经到了九龙窠，这是我们这条路线的精华了。九龙窠是一个幽奇深邃的峡谷，九个嶙峋的山峰，犹如九条腾空而起的游龙。峡谷里巨石错落，细泉潺流，到处布满了丛丛簇簇的茶树。这些得天独厚的茶树便是闻名于世的“茶中之王”。请看这几株茶树，这就是大名鼎鼎的大红袍。大家请看，茶树所在的岩壁上，有一条狭长的岩罅，终年有水滴落，随水滴落的还有苔藓之类的有机物，因而这块土壤特别润泽肥沃。而且两旁岩壁直立，日照不多，气温变化不大。这自然就使大红袍具有独到的品质和卓越的药效。经茶师评定，大红袍冲至九次，尚不脱原茶之真味桂花香，而其他名茶最多冲到七次。大红袍因而夺得了“茶中之王”的桂冠。来武夷山的游客，都想亲眼看看大红袍茶树。这几株大红袍原本自然生长在山顶上，几百年前滑落到半壁之上继续生长。茶树没有人工浇灌，由于气候和水土中矿物质含量不同，茶味也年年略有不同。
各位团友，请往这边走。大家不妨坐下享用大红袍，休息一下。我趁这个机会跟大家再多讲讲大红袍的故事还有武夷茶叶的知识。
大家刚才看到的几株大红袍茶树，产量非常少，一般人根本无福享用。2002年举办的第二届广东茶叶交易会上，仅仅20克的母树大红袍茶叶拍出了18万元人民币的天价。市面上销售的大红袍，是由母树剪枝、扦插培植成功的二代大红袍。茶树越老，茶味越佳。
大家可能会奇怪“大红袍”这个奇怪的名字是怎么来的。像“银毫”这样的名字，大凡可以猜测肯定跟茶叶的形状有关。而“大红袍”这样的名字，肯定是有一定典故的。
从前，有一位进京赶考的书生，路过武夷山时病倒了。一位老和尚把他带回寺庙安顿下来，给他泡了一碗茶。
书生痊愈后赶往京城，结果金榜题名，中了状元，还被招为皇家驸马。他返回武夷山谢恩，老和尚把他带到山崖上的茶树下。那茶树在夕阳下泛着红光，越显茁壮。
老和尚对新驸马说:“去年你病倒在武夷山，就是这几株茶树上采下的茶叶治好了你的病。”驸马爷立刻要求带回茶叶，献给皇上。
无巧不成书，驸马到达京城的时候，皇帝正好病了。驸马立刻介绍了自己的经历，并把茶叶献给皇帝，果然茶到病除。皇帝大喜，交给驸马一件大红袍子，命他代表自己去武夷山封赏。
驸马听命返回武夷山，命一樵夫爬上半山腰，将皇上赐的大红袍披在茶树上，以示皇恩。说也奇怪，等掀开大红袍时，茶树的芽叶在阳光下闪出红光，众人说这是大红袍染红的。后来，人们就把这几株茶树叫做“大红袍”了。
除了大红袍外，武夷山出产的其他茶叶也堪称中国佳茗，这里的茶叶叫岩茶。武夷山是一个巨大的火山断层结构，悬崖绝壁，深坑巨谷，岩洞众多，茶叶就种植在岩凹石缝之中。武夷山峡谷多呈狭长的南北走向，能遮荫挡风，温差较小。山上常年溪水潺潺，雨水不断，空气湿度大。这些条件加上肥沃的酸性土壤，非常适合茶树生长，造就了武夷岩茶的优秀品质。如果大家有兴趣的话，我再跟大家谈谈武夷岩茶的制作。
武夷岩茶属于乌龙茶。茶叶到底是乌龙茶还是绿茶并不是由茶树的种类决定的，而取决于制作过程。乌龙茶是半发酵茶，红茶是经完全发酵的，而绿茶则没有经过发酵。
武夷岩茶的制作要经过六道工序。第一步是采青，采摘标准为一芽三叶至四叶，茶树新梢顶部的芽尖长到正常茶叶一半大小。茶叶的筛选是茶叶质量最重要的决定因素。第二步是萎凋，将新鲜采摘的茶叶放在阳光下晾晒，除去部分水分，再收到室内冷却。第三步是做青，可用机械或手工摇捻茶叶，使得茶叶相互摩擦，让水分走失更快，并逐渐氧化。第四步是炒青，把茶叶迅速高温翻炒，破坏酶的活性，停止发酵过程，把萎凋和做青过程中形成的品质固定下来。第五步是乘热揉捻，把茶叶揉捻成一定形状，然后复炒、复捻，促进香气形成。最后是焙火，高温烘焙10到15分钟烘干茶叶，然后低温烘焙1到2个小时，提升花香，使茶味醇厚。
各位团友，我们走吧，还有最后一个景点要看。
弥勒佛岩雕
我们来看看这尊巨大的弥勒佛石像。他是未来佛，是过去佛释迦牟尼的继任者。弥勒佛是中国民间普遍信奉的一尊佛，已经超越宗教，越来越具有世俗色彩。弥勒佛在其他国家可能以不同形象出现，但在中国，他的经典形象就是一个光头大肚的胖和尚，佛珠或挂在脖子上，或拿在手中，总是喜笑颜开，因而也得了个别名:笑佛。弥勒佛像在中国随处可见，背着个布袋，贫穷但很知足。他的形象在中国文化中一直是知足常乐的象征。寺庙、餐馆、公司等都会见到弥勒的形象，人们还常常佩戴弥勒吊坠以保平安。你要是去寺庙参观，进庙门看到的第一尊佛像，往往就是弥勒佛，让笑佛迎接香客，倒真是个好主意。
这尊弥勒佛石像背后刻着一个巨大的“佛”字，是康熙皇帝御笔，题刻面积为99平方米。“九”的读音和“久”，在中国文化中是一个吉利的数字。
永乐禅寺
我们现在看到的这座寺庙就是武夷山现存的最大寺院天心永乐禅寺。永乐禅寺的前身，称山心永乐庵，始建于789年，“山心”指的是寺庙的地理位置，正好坐落于武夷山景区中心。山心永乐庵后来重建，改名为天心永乐禅寺。此时“天心”之寓意又进一步得到禅理的抒发，蕴藏着禅语“天心明月”。中国佛教以月亮的宁静、空明辟喻佛性真如，以“见月”与否作为开悟、明心见性的标准。寺庙的改名或许还跟佛教历史上的一桩公案有关。
公元874年的一个中秋之夜，在皎洁的月光下，藻光禅师豁然了悟了自性的般若。他带着禅悦回到住处，刚要进门，看见一个小偷在翻箱倒柜。藻光禅师悄悄脱掉外衣，站在门口。小偷正要离开的时候，禅师把手上的衣服递给小偷，说:“你走老远的山路来探望我，总不能让你空手而回呀!夜凉了，你披上这件衣服走吧!”小偷惊愕地接过衣服，低着头溜走了。藻光禅师看着小偷的背影融进了皎洁的月光，消失在月色之中，不禁感慨地说:“可怜的人呀!要是我能送他一轮明月就好了。”第二天，藻光禅师一打开房门，看到他送给小偷的外衣被整齐地叠好，放在门口。藻光禅师非常高兴，叹道:“他终于带走一轮明月了!”那个小偷后来成了他的弟子，就是了缘禅师。藻光禅师就是后来大名鼎鼎的扣冰古佛。武夷山市区有一条扣冰街，山中还有一条扣冰溪。
永乐天心禅寺长170米，宽150米，占地面积约两万六千平方米。古刹四周古木参天，篁竹蔽地。我给大家十五分钟时间自由活动，好好逛逛，说不定也能开悟呢!
印象·大红袍
各位团友，今天的景点旅游到此结束了，不过晚上我们还为大家准备了一个视觉盛宴。晚饭过后大家可以观赏“印象·大红袍”。这是由张艺谋执导的一场户外歌舞表演，张艺谋曾导演过2008年北京奥运会开幕式。整场演出突出表现武夷山水和茶文化。演出地点在武夷山茶博园。观众就像置身于一个巨型茶馆中，还有穿着民俗服饰的侍女穿梭其间，递上一杯大红袍，让观者一品芳茗。
Major Attractions in the Wuyi Mountian
1.Dahongpao
Tianchejia
Ladies and gentleman，this little gully is called Zhangtang Gully，the longest gully in the north of Wuyi Mountain’s scenic area.We are going to walk along the gully for a few hundred meters to see Tianchejia.
If you look in this direction，you will see some adjacent caves half way up the Danxiazhang cliffs with some wooden structures either hidden in the caves or close to the precipices，connected by railings and ladders.Logs were erected outside the caves as beams and balusters for crown blocks that lift building materials up to the caves.This is known as Tianchejia，or balusters for crown blocks.This“castle in the air”was built by local gentries in Qing Dynasty during Emperor Xianfeng’s reign in the 19thcentury，to escape the Taiping Rebellion.They may seem totally inaccessible，but if you go to the mountaintop from the back of Danxia Peak，and then come downhill along the ladders，you will find yourself in one of the buildings.
Eagle Crag
We are now several hundred meters westward from Tianchejia.This is the Yingzui Crag，or Eagle Crag.You can see a cliff rock of one integrated mass standing in a gorge，with all the air of a fierce mountain eagle ready to take flight.The protruding eastern edge looks very much like the eagle’s beak.
We are now at Liuxiang Gully，meaning Floating Fragrance Gully.It was originally named“Daoshuikeng”，but was renamed Floating Fragrance Gully by a visiting poet who was impressed by the fragrant flowers growing at both sides of the gully.
Dahongpao Tea Bushes
Ladies and gentlemen，we are now in the Jiulong Dens，or Nine Dragon Dens，the highlight of our tour today.It is a deep and tranquil gorge with nine craggy peaks around like flying dragons.Inside the gorge you can see scattered huge rocks with brooks running among them，and there are bushes of tea plants everywhere.This tea is known as the“King of All Teas”for its favorable and unique environment.Now look at the tea bushes over there，these are the famous Dahongpao，or Big Red Robe.Above the rock where the tea grows，there is a crevice with dripping water all year round，and in the water droplets there are other organic substances such as moss，thus the soil is moister and more fertile.Moreover，the rocky cliffs on both sides block out sunshinemostof the day and keep the temperature fairly constant.All these favorable factors naturally result in a unique quality and medical effect of Dahongpao.According to tea experts，the tea gives out the fragrance of sweet osmanthus，which lasts for nine refills，whereas other teas would lose their taste after seven refills at the most.That is why Big Red Robe is called the King of All Teas.All the visitors to Wuyi Mountain would like to have a look of the growing site of the tea.The bushes originally grewwild on top of the mountain，but centuries ago slid halfway down and have clung there since.The bushes are never watered，but the flavor varies slightly year to year，depending upon the variation of the mineral contents in the soil and water，and the change of the cliamte.
Ladies and gentlemen，please step thisway.Nowhave a seatand enjoy some Dahongpao tea.I will tell you more about Dahongpao and Wuyi Tea in general while you take a rest.
The output of Dahongpao fromthe few bushes you have seen is very small in quantity and hardly any of it would be available to common folks.At the second Canton Tea Fair in 2002，a mere 20 grams of Dahongpao Tea fromthese few bushes was auctioned——for 180，000 RMB!The Dahongpao tea found in shops nowadays are the secondary generations replanted elsewhere with branches cut fromthe few original plants of the tea.The flavor improves as the bushes age，the older the bushes，the better the flavor.
You may be wondering how this tea got its rather unusual name“Big Red Robe”.As to names like Silver Needles，you would be right in guessing the name came fromits appearance.When names like Big Red Robe come into play，you know there must be a legend waiting to be told.
Once upon a time a scholar was rushing to the capital for the Imperial Examination.On the way，he passed by Wuyi Mountain and fell ill.An old monk brought himinto the temple and among other acts of hospitality，brewed hima bowl of tea.
After the scholar recovered，he hurried on his way to the capital.As luck would have it，he came in first in the Imperial Examination and was made the Emperor’s son－in－law.He returned to Wuyi Mountain to express his gratitude to the old monk.The old monk then brought himto a cliff and showed hima few tea bushes there.The trees looked strong and sturdy and gave out a scarlet red glow under the setting sun.
The old monk then told the newly conferred Emperor’s son－in－law，“last year you fell ill and was cured by the tea fromthese very bushes.”The scholar immediately requested to bring some to the Emperor.
As fate would have it，the Emperor was ill when his son－in－law returned to the capital.The son－in－law immediately told of his tale and presented the tea to the Emperor.Sure enough，the Emperor was cured and in his delight，he gave a red robe to his son－in－law，ordering himto“present”it to the tea bushes.
The Emperor’s son－in－law dutifully went back to Mt Wuyi and got a woodcutter to climb up the cliff and drape the big red robe on the tea bushes，as a sign of the Emperor’s favor.After the robe was removed，legend has it that the bushes emitted a red glow and people assumed that it was“dyed”by the Royal Red Robe.Thereafter，the locals started referring to those tea bushes as the Big Red Robe.
Besides Dahongpao，there are other teas grown in Wuyi.They have been regarded as one of China’s best teas and exported all over the world.Wuyi tea is also known as Rock Tea or Yancha.This is unfortunate，because the word?“yan”is more accurately translated as crag.Wuyi Mountain is a large volcanic fault structure that consists mainly of vertical cliffs，deep gorges，and cave systems，and tea is cultivated in the concaved or creviced parts of the crags.The narrowness and mostly north－south direction of the valleys block out cold winds and sunshine，resulting in a fairly constant temperature.The continual runoff and constant rain ensure high humidity.All these plus the fertile acidic soil have created the perfect environment for growing Fujian’s finest tea.If you are interested to know more about Wuyi’s tea，I will elaborate on it a bitmore.
Wuyi Crag Tea is one subcategory of Oolong Tea.It is not the variety of bushes that produces the different types of tea—like Oolong or Green Tea—it is the method of processing.Oolong Tea is half－fermented，as opposed to the fully－fermented black tea and unfermented green tea.
The making of Wuyi Crag Tea consists of six steps.First is the picking of the tea leaves.A standard pick is one bud with 3 or 4 leaves，when the buds at the top of a bush reach half the size of amature leaf.Leaf selection is themost important determinant of the tea’s quality.Second is withering.Freshly picked leaves are left in the sun to remove moisture，then moved indoors to cool.Third is bruising.Workers shake and rub the leaves using hands ormachines to bruise the surface of the leaves.This exposes tea juices to air and enhances the oxidation process.Fourth is fixation.In this step they roast the leaves at high temperature for a short period of time to kill the enzymes and stop the oxidation process and therefore fix the qualities the tea developed during withering and bruising.Immediately after that comes rolling.They roll the leaves to shape theminto the desired form.The roasting－rolling process is then repeated a second time to further stimulate the flavors.Last is the baking process.They will use high temperature for 10 to 15 minutes to dry the leaves.Then use low temperature for 1 to 2 hours to increase the floral aroma and mellow taste.
Ladies and gentlemen，now let’s get going.There’s another site to see before we wrap up the day.
Stone Statue of Mile Buddha
Now let’s have a look at this large stone statue of Mile Fo，or Maitreya in Sanskrit.He is the Buddha of the future，the successor of the historicākyamuni Buddha.Maitreya Buddha is widely worshiped in China，and it has gone beyond religion and become more and more secular over the centuries.Although he may appear in different forms in other parts of the world，in China he is traditionally depicted as a fat bald man with a big belly and wearing or otherwise carrying prayer beads.He is almost always shown smiling or laughing，and that’s how he gets his nickname in Chinese，the Laughing Buddha.Statues of Maitreya can be seen everywhere in China，showing himcarrying his few possessions in a cloth sack，being poor but content.His figure appears throughout Chinese culture as a representation of contentment.His image graces many temples，restaurants，and businesses.Quite a lot of people like wearing pendants of Maitreya as amulets for the hope of winning his protection.He is often the first statue you see when you enter a temple.It’s a good idea having the Laughing Buddha greet the visitors，isn’t it?
This big inscription on the rock behind the statue is the Chinese word“Fo”，meaning Buddha.It was Emperor Kangxi’s calligraphy.The inscription covers an area of99 square meters，because the number 9 is considered a lucky number in Chinese culture because it sounds the same as the word“jiu”，which means“long lasting”.
Yongle Temple
Ladies and gentlemen，this is Tianxin Yongle Chansi，Wuyi’s largest Buddhist complex.Aword for word translation would be Sky Center Eternal Happiness Zen Temple.It was named Shanxin Yongle An when itwas built in 789 AD，meaning“mountain center eternal happiness temple”，because it was located in the center of Wuyimountain.It was later rebuilt and renamed as Tianxin Yongle Chansi.The name“Tianxin”is reminiscent of Tianxin Mingyue，literally“Bright Moon in the Middle of the Sky”，which is an important Buddhist term.Chinese Buddhists compare the nature of Buddha to the brightness and tranquility of the moon，and refer to enlightenment and finding one’s true self to“seeing the moon”.The renaming of this temple perhaps has something to do with an anecdote in Buddhist history.
On the night of a Chinese Mid－autumn Festival 874 AD，when the full moon shone bright and clear above，a meditating Zen master，Zaoguang，experienced a sudden enlightenment.When he came back feeling peaceful and joyous，he ran into a thief rummaging his room in vain for something valuable.Master Zaoguang quietly took of his jacket and stood by the door.When the thief was about to leave，Zaoguang handed himthe jacket he had been wearing.“You have come all the way to see me.I can’t let you go back empty handed.It’s getting cold.Please takemy jacket.”The thief took the jacket in all his surprise and embarrassment.Zaoguang sighed as he watched the thief disappear into the moonlit night.“Poor man!If only I could give him the bright moon!”Zaoguang said.The nextmorning，Zaoguang found his jacketat his doorstep，neatly folded.“So he had taken the brightmoon with him!”He exclaimed with joy.Later，the thief became Master Zaoguang’s disciple，named Master Liaoyuan.Master Zaoguang himself was revered as“Koubing the Ancient Buddha”.There is a Koubing Street in Wuyishan City and Koubing Streamin the mountain in memory of him.
This temple is a 170m by 150m complex，covering nearly 26 thousand square meters，surrounded by towering ancient trees and thick bamboo groves.I will give you fifteen minutes to wander in the temple.Good luck!I Hope you＇ll find enlightenment as well!
Impression Dahongpao
Ladies and gentleman，today’s sight seeing tour is coming to an end，but there is another feast for your eyes this evening.After supper you can enjoy an out－door musical show named Impression Dahongpao.It was directed by Zhang Yimou，who also directed the opening ceremony of 2008 Olympic Games.The show highlights the scenery of Wuyi Mountain and its tea culture.The show is set in Chabo Yuan，a tea－themed park and it projects the appearance of a giant teahouse，with waitresses dressed in traditional folk costumes serving Dahongpao Tea.Tea is the essential aspect of the spectacle.
Vocabulary:
gully n.溪涧
adjacent adj.毗邻的
precipice n.悬崖
baluster n.栏杆;栏杆的支柱
crown block 天车;定滑轮
rebellion n.叛乱
inaccessible adj.难接近的
integrated adj.完整的
mass n.块，团
crag n.峭壁
den n.巢穴
tranquil adj.宁静的
crevice n.裂缝
moist adj.潮湿的
fertile adj.肥沃的
osmanthus n.桂花
confer vt.授予
consort n.配偶
dye vt.染
gorge n.峡谷
runoff n.径流
acid adj.酸性的
ferment vt.使发酵
determinant n.决定因素
oxidation n.氧化
enzyme n.酶
withering n.萎凋
bruising n.杀青
aroma n.芳香
mellow adj.芳醇的
secular adj.世俗的
depict vt.描述;描画
inscription n.题词;铭文;刻印
contentment n.满足;满意
amulet n.护身符，避邪物
reminiscent adj.引起联想的
enlightenment n.顿悟
rummage vt.翻找
spectacle n.精彩的表演
2.九曲溪
各位团友，今天下午的游览项目是九曲溪漂流。武夷之魂在于九曲溪，来武夷山旅游，必定要坐竹排，它将给您带来独特、难忘的体验。九曲溪全长9.5公里，发源于武夷山自然保护区，澄澈清莹，经星村镇由西向东穿过武夷山风景区，盈盈一水，折为九曲，每一曲都有不同的山水。我们将坐竹排从九曲到一曲顺流而下。九曲两侧，山岩奇峭，林木繁茂，碧水丹山相映成趣，地地道道一幅山水画卷。竹筏漂流而下，能看山景，能赏水声，一路深潭浅滩，疾徐相间，溪边奇峰怪石，野花簇簇，一边聆听历史典故、民间传说，堪称梦幻之旅。
竹筏漂流全程两小时。竹筏由14根竹子捆扎成一排，放上六个竹椅，捆扎固定。每个竹筏配有一前一后两名艄公，用长长的竹篙控制竹筏前进的速度和方向。
大家要注意安全，救生衣要穿。上下竹筏的时候注意要横踩两根竹竿，不要只踩一根。坐好后也不要站起来拍照。好，各位团友，上竹筏了。
九曲
漂流的起点是九曲，这一带溪面开阔，水流平缓。以前这一带常常有水牛，有时候水牛伏在水中，只露出脊背，乍一看像大块的溪石。可惜现在不常看到水牛了。北侧这座傲然挺立的山峰叫白云岩，常有白云在山岩的半腰飘忽。白云岩上现有几堵残桓断壁，是白云庵旧址。中国人喜欢把山石想象成动物或者其他形象，不过有时也有些牵强。大家倘徉于九曲之间，不妨留意下有没有山石像芭蕉扇、双狮戏球、孔雀开屏、笔架等。
八曲
现在我们已经进入八曲，这块石头颇有趣味，古人把它命名为“水龟石”。如果观看的角度合适，这重叠的两块石头，就像母乌龟背着小乌龟下水去。
七曲
舟过湍急的浅滩，是为七曲。溪右岸这座山峰，四面峭壁，宛如耸立于水中的巍峨石城。岩下的深潭，名放生潭。13世纪时，山中道士曾奉旨在此设坛祈祷，放生潭内。从那时起，九曲溪禁止捕鱼，相沿成为习俗。“放生”是中国佛教及道教术语，指购买原本要被宰杀的动物放归森林池沼。许多寺庙设置放生池，供人们放生鱼类或乌龟，体现佛门广大慈悲的救度精神。不过，如今放生行为有的也没有达到挽救生命的目的，甚至加剧了对生态的破坏。有人抓捕动物，在寺庙周围出售给放生的人们。寺庙的放生池也常常鱼满为患，又没有流动的活水。鸟类放飞之后，有的会误入城市，精疲力尽，迷失方向，往往都活不长。一些颇有见识的和尚和居士开始呼吁信众正确放生，他们中很多人提倡素食，而非放生。
六曲
六曲行程最短，却是九曲中兴味最浓的一段。大家看，那就是天游峰，我们明天就要登天游峰。天游峰下的这块巨石就是晒布岩，高400米，宽200米。由于长年流水侵蚀，岩壁布满了一道道直溜溜“布纹”。溪右侧这座山岩叫响声岩，可以倾听回声。美丽的武夷山是灵感的源泉，过往文人纷纷写诗撰文赞美武夷山，也在山石上留下不少题刻。九曲溪两侧的山崖上有400多幅摩崖题刻，堪称书法大观园。六曲是武夷山摩崖石刻的精华所在，历代留下的石刻有二十多处。其中，最为有名的是孔子《论语》中的名言:逝者如斯，感叹时光如水流逝。这四个字为宋代理学家朱熹所题，朱熹生活的年代在1130年到1200年之间，他和武夷山有着密切的渊源，我们明天游览武夷精舍的时候再详谈。
五曲
我们已经行至五曲，地势逐渐宽旷。左侧这座山峰是隐屏峰，高耸峭拔，方正如屏。隐屏峰脚下是罗汉岩，像一个低头冥思的光头和尚。现在请大家往右边看，这是丹炉岩和仙迹岩。丹炉岩颇像传说中太上老君的炼丹炉。五曲旁边的平地上有一座武夷精舍，是理学宗师朱熹于1183年一手创建的。当时建有亭台楼阁、讲堂茶室，不仅是传统学术中心，也是过往文人聚会的场所。精舍毁于1365年，1448年由朱熹后人重建。清代乾隆年间，即1708年，也进行过修缮。我们明天登天游峰路上会参观安排参观武夷精舍。
四曲
现在行程已经过半，到四曲了。这块空旷的平地就是元代皇家御茶园的遗址。早在唐朝，武夷岩茶就已经被视为馈赠佳品。武夷岩茶的入贡，始于宋代。到公元14世纪的元朝，朝廷下令创办武夷御茶园，园内除了茶场，还建了不少亭子。御茶园设场官两名负责管理，每年交贡茶360斤。御茶园建立26年后，为了增加产量，崇安县令于御茶园左右各建一个茶场。几年后，御茶园内又修筑了一座高台，叫喊山台，每年三月初都进行祭祀茶神的仪式。县令拈香跪拜，念罢祭文后，众人鸣金击鼓，同时高喊:“茶发芽了!茶发芽了!”，然后开山采茶。
无奈，武夷茶贡，逐年增多，最后几乎达到每年一千斤。茶园官吏为完成上交贡额，不惜压榨茶农。茶农不堪其苦，被迫四处逃亡。到1557年，这个有着250多年历史的御茶园便被废弃了。
四曲的地标就是这座大藏峰。请大家坐稳，现在我们筏下的这个潭，叫卧龙潭，深达30多米。相传这潭里曾潜伏着一条恶龙，时常带着八条小龙飞出水面，追逐嬉戏，张牙舞爪，致使溪水泛滥。有一天，一位仙人经过此地，见恶龙作怪，便将八条恶龙一一斩死，剩下那条最小的小龙摇尾乞怜，哀求饶命。仙人见状，命他保证改邪归正，饶了它的性命。这条小龙遵守了自己的诺言，从此潜伏潭中，保护武夷山。
三曲
九曲溪最令人感兴趣的文化景点就在三曲。溪右侧这座山峰叫小藏峰，大家有没有看到陡峭的岩壁上有些洞口?里面有几具船棺驾于虹桥板之上。经炭14测定，架壑船棺已有3800年的历史。有些人认为这种丧葬习俗应与当时人们的生活方式有关。这里的原始居民以岩洞为家，死后安葬在岩洞中似乎是自然之理。他们捕鱼为生，船是珍贵的东西，让死者安息于舟船中也是顺理成章。把船棺安置于悬崖之上，也减少了天灾人祸的破坏。另一种观点是，当时的武夷山居民相信，棺木放得越高，就越接近天堂。考古发现，船棺的棺木并非一般木头，而是楠木，木质坚硬耐腐，北京故宫的有些柱子就是楠木的。我们现在无法进到洞里参观船棺，但有几个船棺已被取下，福建博物馆和武夷山博物馆都有展出。
船棺又是如何被安放在悬崖绝壁的岩洞中的?后人也有不少猜测。考古学家研究船棺的时候，发现上面有两个洞。棺盖表面还有许多绳索紧箍棺木留下的痕迹。考古学家据此猜测，人们应该是用绳索穿过那两个洞，将棺木紧紧捆扎起来。可能先得有人爬上去，从上面垂下绳索，底下的人再绑好棺木，由上面的人往上拉。这恐怕是最合理的解释了。
不过，悬棺并非武夷山独有，中国很多地方都有发现，在东南亚也较普遍。有趣的是，绝大多数悬棺是在水边的悬崖上发现的，而且棺材的形状往往类似独木舟。这说明，对于有此悬棺丧葬习俗的人群来说，河流是至关重要的。
二曲
我们已经进入二曲了。前面就是武夷山最著名的景观玉女峰。玉女峰山形优雅，峰顶秀林葱茏，花卉攒簇，宛如妙龄少女，长发盘起，满头珠翠。玉女峰脚下是浴香潭，右边这块石头，是梳妆台。这玉女峰和一曲的大王峰之间有一段故事。相传众仙女一同到武夷山游玩，其中年龄最小的仙女爱上了英俊的种茶小伙，决意留下。他们的行踪被铁板怪发现报告给玉帝。玉帝命铁板怪捉拿玉女归天，玉女不从。玉帝大怒，将这一对眷属分别点化为玉女峰和大王峰。铁板怪也变成一块大石，插在大王和玉女中间，不让他们见面。不过，似乎有人，也许还是玉帝本人，又生出恻隐之心。你看玉女身边不是有块石头?那块石头叫梳妆台，大王和玉女可以凭借这梳妆镜，彼此相望。
一曲
位于一曲的武夷宫，至少也有千年历史了。相传武夷君受玉帝派遣，来到武夷山开拓垦殖。汉武帝时，曾派使臣在九曲溪北岸设祭坛，用干鱼祭祀武夷君。公元8世纪，唐天宝年间，朝廷在祭坛原址修建道观，到宋朝时，道观规模进一步扩大，拥有三百多个殿堂，每年中秋节都行祭祀。现在，武夷宫旁边修建了一条三百米长的仿古宋街，大家可以参观武夷山博物馆，逛逛博物馆和工艺品商店。
各位团友，两个小时的漂流到此结束。谢谢大家!
2.Jiuqu River(Nine－bend River)
Ladies and gentlemen，we are going to ride a bamboo raft down the Nine－bend River this afternoon.This is the highlight of your trip to Wuyi Mountains.The experience will be unique and memorable.No visitors should miss the chance.The Nine－bend Streamis 9.5 kilometers long.This limpid stream originates from the Wuyi Natural Reserves and runs eastward through Xingcun Town and the scenic area of Wuyi Mountain.The stream has nine turns in its course，with each bend having its own unique landscape.You will take a bamboo raft down the river from the ninth bend to the last bend.On both sides of the stream stand fantastic crags and dense forests.The clear and deep stream forms a delightful contrast with red rock cliffs，creating a real－life traditional mountain and river landscape painting.The raft ride is smooth with occasional bumpy currents.Keep your eyes and ears open for dramatic peaks，wild gardenias and lilies，shoals as well as deep pools and the pleasant sound of rushing water.A journey through the exquisite scenery，with amix of history and legend，can provide an afternoon of pure magic.
It takes about two hours to drift down the stream by means of an old type of bamboo raft.Some 14 bamboo poles are lashed together to make each raft，on top of which are six fixed bamboo armchairs.Each raft is piloted by two raftsmen，one standing on the upward sloping bow，the other on the stern，both maneuvering with bamboo poles.
Here are a few safety tips before we get on the rafts.Keep your life jackets on at all times.When you get on and off the raft always step on two bamboo poles instead of one with each foot.Don’t stand up from your bamboo chair to take pictures.Ok，ladies and gentlemen，welcome aboard!
The Ninth Bend
The cruise starts from the ninth bend of the stream.During the first ten minutes or so of the journey，the stream flows at a sedate pace and is quite wide.The banks used to be a favorite haunt of water buffalo-sometimes only the upper humps of their bodies are visible，giving you quite a shock when a brown boulder turns into a buffalo.Now they are a rare sight.What a pity.Here towers Baiyun Yan，White Cloud Crag.This impressive peak stands on the north side of the streamand is often shrouded in clouds.The remains of the White Cloud Monastery can be seen on it.Chinese people like to liken rock formations to animals or other images，although it is sometimes hard to find the resemblance.When you are enjoying the drift down the Ninth Bend，you can try to look out for rock formations resembling a“Banana Leaf Fan”，“Two Lions Playing Ball”，“Peacock flaunting its tail”，“Chinese Brush Holder”，and so on.
The Eighth Bend
At the eighth bend here，you will find an interesting rock formation that ancient tourists dubbed as“Shuigui Shi”，which roughly translates as Water Tortoise Rock.Fromcertain angles，you may see two slabs of rock on top of each other resembling a mother turtle crawling into the river with a little turtle on her back.
The Seventh Bend
After some rapids here we are at the seventh bend.This peek on our right has sheer cliffs on four sides，resembling a stone city standing in the water.The deep pool at its foot was the place where monks from Wuyi Mountain performed“animal release”ceremonies on an emperor’s order in the 13thcentury.Fishing in Jiuqu Xi has been prohibited since then.“Animal release”is a termused by Chinese Buddhists and Taoists.It refers to the practice of buying animals that are due to be killed and releasing them.It is a practice of kindness in the teachings of Buddhismto show kindness to all creatures.Many temples provide ponds where people could release fish and tortoises.But today，the practice of releasing animals can be more destructive to life than life－saving.Some people actually capture animals and sell themoutside temple premises.Animal release ponds in temples are often crowded and filled with stagnant water.Birds are set free and they often fly off into the city，but they are exhausted and disorientated，and usually die soon.Somemore thoughtfulmonks and lay people now try to educate the Buddhist public about the proper way to practice animal release.Many of themrecommend a vegetarian diet instead.
The Sixth Bend
The cruise along the sixth bend is the shortest，but there is a lot to see.There is the beautiful Tianyou Feng，or Heavenly Tour Peak.We will visit it tomorrow.This immense crag under Tianyou Feng is called Shaibu Yan，Cloth Sunning Crag.It is 400 meters high and 200 meters wide.Due to the erosive effects of running water through the years，the crag wall is covered with hundreds of straight slippery tracks that look like pleats in a piece of cloth.This crag on your right is called Xiangsheng Yan，Echo Crag.You can listen carefully for echoes of people talking and laughing.Throughout the ages，the splendor of Wuyi’s peaks has so deeply inspired poets，they didn’t just write about them，they wrote on them.More than 400 inscriptions are etched into the gorges flanking Jiuqu Streamand are collectively known as the Calligraphy Garden.Xiangsheng Yan is noted for more than twenty carved inscriptions left by scholars through the dynasties.The most well known one is“shi zhe ru si”，a quotation from Confucius’s“the Analects”.Itmeans:“Alas!Time goes by like this flowing water!”The inscription ismade by Zhu Xi，a Song Dynasty Confucian scholar who lived between 1130 and 1200.He is an important figure to the Wuyi Mountain and we will talk about himagain when we visit Wuyi Jingshe Academy tomorrow.
The Fifth Bend
This is the fifth bend.The land on both sides opens out and Yinpin Feng，which roughly translates as Hidden Screen Peak，stands on our left.The huge crag is a screen－like monolith with sheer sides.At the foot of the screen is Luohan Crag-a meditating monk，with a bent，bald head.Look to your right you will see Danlu Yan，Alchemy Furnace Crag and Xianji Yan，Immortal Mark Crag.Danlu Crag simply looks like an alchemy furnace where Lord Laotzu made mineral elixirs.It was on the level land at this fifth bend that theWuyiJingshe Academy was erected in 1183 by Zhu Xi，the Song Dynasty philosopher.It consisted of halls，pavilions and teahouses.It was not only a center of classical learning，but also used as a club by visiting literati.The academy was destroyed in 1365，but was rebuilt in 1448 by the descendants of Zhu Xi.It was also refurbished and repaired in 1708，during the reign of the Qing emperor Kangxi.We will visit it tomorrow on our way to Tianyou Feng.
The Fourth Bend
Now we are half－way downstream at the fourth bend now.This spacious flat land used to be the Imperial Tea Garden of Yuan Dynasty.Even from Tang Dynasty，which started around the 7th century，the public already regarded Wuyi Rock Tea as a popular gift.It then became a tribute to the court in the Song Dynasty.In the 14thcentury，the Yuan，or the Mongolian court，had the Imperial Tea Garden built in the Wuyi Mountain，with tea plantation，pavilions，and all.Two officials were appointed to manage the tea garden.They were assigned to present 180 kilos of tea to the court each year.Twenty－six years later，in order to increase tea production，the local magistrate had tea plantations built on both sides of the Imperial Tea Garden.A few years later，a high platform called Hanshan Tai was built in the imperial garden，where a Tea God Worship ceremony was conducted each year in early March.After the magistrate burned incense sticks and read an essay in honor of the Tea God，people would play gongs and drums and shouted，“Tea sprouting!Tea sprouting!”Then they would start picking tea leaves.
Unfortunately，the court’s demand for tea tribute grew year after year and almost reached 500 kilos a year.The officials supervising the tea plantation had to squeeze the tea peasants dry.The peasants began to flee from the plantation and in 1557 these two 250 year－old imperial tea plantations were finally deserted.
The landmark at the fourth bend is Dazang Feng.Please sit tight.Our raft is now running on an unpredictable pool called Wolong Tan，which roughly translates as Hidden Dragon Pool.Legend goes that this pool is home of an evil dragon who would sometimes rush out of the pond followed by eight small dragons.They would chase each other，brandishing their claws and flooding the river.A passing immortal killed the dragons with his sword one by one until he came to the smallest and youngest dragon.The little dragon wagged his tail at the immortal and begged to be spared.The immortalmade himpromise to behave well in the future and spared his life.The dragon kept his word and continues to hide in the deep pool，protecting the mountain.
The Third Bend
The most interesting historical site along the stream is here at the third bend.Xiaozang Feng，which roughly translates as Small Treasure Peak，it stands on the southern bank on your right.Can you see the small entrances on the sheer rock face?Inside are several boat－shaped coffins which lie on the so－called Hongqiao Ban，Rainbow Bridge Planks.According to Carbon 14 Testing，these coffins are 3800 years old.Some people think this burial tradition had something to do with the way people lived.Since the original inhabitants here lived in caves，it was natural for them to be buried in caves.They were a fishing people and boats were a prized possession for them.So it was natural to honor their dead by laying them to rest in a boat.Burying on the cliff reduced the possible damage caused by people and natural disasters.Another theory is that the higher the coffins，the faster they can go to Heaven.Archaeologists found that the wood material the coffins were made of is by no means ordinary wood.It’s a special type of wood，called Nanmu，which is firm and durable.Some of the pillars of Beijing Forbidden City are also made of Nanmu.It is impossible to visit these caves to see the coffins; however，a few of them have been removed and are on display at the Fujian Museumand the Wuyishan Museum.
There are also many theories about how the boat coffins were lifted up and put into the caves in the sheer cliffs.Two holes have been found on the coffins.And on the surface of the cover there were some marks left behind by tightening ropes，which were tied to the coffin.Archaeologists guessed that the two holes probably were used to put the ropes through.Perhaps some people first climbed up to the mountain top and threw down the ropes to the people below.Then the people below tied the ropes to the coffins.After that the coffin was lifted up slowly.This perhaps is the most reasonable hypothesis.
However，the suspended coffins on Mount Wuyiare notunique.They are not only seen in many other places in China，but also common in Southeast Asia.It is interesting to note thatmost of the suspended coffins are hung on riverside cliffs，and the coffins themselves tend to be shaped like dugout canoes，suggesting the importance of rivers for the people who practiced this custom.
The Second Bend
We are now at the second bend.In front of us is the most celebrated landmark，Yunu Feng，Jade Maiden Peak.It is an elegant peak crowned with grass and wild flowers，which is reminiscent of a maiden with her long hair coiled and dressed with ornaments.In front of her is a bathing pool.To her right is a rock named Toilet Mirror Stand.At the First Bend stands Dawang Feng，the Great King Peak.Story has it that a family of fairies came to visit the Earth，and the youngest sister fell in love with a handsome tea planter and decided to stay.But their whereabouts were found out and reported to the Jade Emperor by Tieban Guai，the Iron Slab Demon.The Jade Emperor then ordered Tieban Guai，the Iron Slab Demon，to bring her back to heaven.But the determined fairy girl refused.The Jade Emperor was infuriated and turned the girl into Yunu Feng，the Jade Maiden Peak and her earthly lover into Dawang Feng，the Great King Peak.The Demon placed himself between them and became Tieban Feng，the Iron Slab Peak，thus preventing them from seeing each other ever again.Someone，perhaps the Jade Emperor himself，apparently felt sorry for the Jade Beauty.If you look to the side of Jade Maiden Peak，you will see the rock，Toilet Mirror Stand，which allows the Jade Maiden and her lover to look at each other’s reflection in the mirror.
The First Bend
Wuyi Palace has been standing at the first bend for at least a thousand years and probably much longer.Legend has it that Lord Wuyi was sent by the Jade Emperor of heaven to settle in Wuyi to cultivate the land，and Emperor Wudi，who reigned around 100 BC，sent his courtiers to build an altar just north of Jiuqu Streamto make offerings of dried fish to him.Later the altar was incorporated into a Daoist monastery in the eighth century during the Tang Dynasty and expanded to include more than 300 halls in the Song Dynasty.In mid autumn every year，sacrificial activities would be held in honor of Lord Wuyi.Now a 300－meter long street has been built in the style of Song Dynasty close to Wuyi Palace.You can walk along the street，visit the Wuyishan Museum，tea houses，and handicrafts shops there.
Ladies and gentlemen，our two－hour bamboo raft trip ends here.Thank you!
Vocabulary:
shoal n.浅滩
meander n.漫步;曲流
maneuver vi.操作
bow n.船首
stern n.船尾
sedate adj.安静的;
boulder n.大圆石
shroud vt.覆盖
prohibit vt.阻止，禁止
alchemy n.点金术
literati n.文人(literatus的复数)
descendant n.后裔;子孙
refurbish vt.翻新
magistrate n.地方法官
brandish vt.挥舞;炫耀
hypothesis n.假设
celebrated adj.著名的
infuriate vt.激怒
3.天游峰
各位团友，昨天我们走水路坐竹排漂流，今天走陆路登天游峰，欣赏武夷山的绝佳美景。游览路线从武夷精舍开始，经云窝、晒布岩、茶洞，最后到达天游峰。
武夷精舍
相传南宋理学大师朱熹来到武夷山后，被武夷山的极致美景所深深吸引，不禁写诗赞美，并于1183年在九曲溪旁擘划营建武夷精舍，广收门徒，著书讲学，接待云游的文人雅士。现在我们已经到了武夷精舍的遗址。古老的武夷精舍只遗留下两处残桓断壁，我们现在看到的建筑都是后来重建的。
朱熹是一位伟大的思想家、哲学家、继孔子之后的伟大教育家，他本身也是儒学的代表人物。他在武夷山生活、著书、讲学达五十几年。他创立的理学，逐渐传播到全国，被朝廷定为一尊，成为封建统治正统思想。武夷精舍是当时影响力最大的书院。武夷山也在此后700年间成为理学中心。武夷精舍是当时武夷山一大建筑，人称“武夷之巨观”，建有许多堂屋楼阁。武夷精舍建立时是一所私人书院，但历代朝廷都加以修葺扩建。南宋末期，官府还拨给公田供养学者。后又设置“山长”，主持教事。元至正二十五年，即公元1365年，武夷精舍毁于兵戎，明正统十三年，即1448年，朱熹后人出资改建，改称“朱文公祠”，崇祀朱熹。
除了著书讲学，在武夷精舍，朱熹和寡妇胡丽娘还演绎出一段爱情纠葛呢。胡丽娘的丈夫死后，族中长辈因推崇朱熹“存天理、灭人欲”的主张，不许胡丽娘再嫁。胡丽娘心存怨恨，决心到武夷精舍报复朱熹。不过这报复的手段有点出奇，就是色诱朱熹，毁其名誉。胡丽娘不但年轻貌美，而且棋琴书画样样皆通，正是中国传统文人欣赏的类型。胡丽娘成功地让朱熹钟情于她，但自己也深陷情网。一个是理学宗师，一个是寡妇，这段情缘注定是孽缘。朱熹知道丽娘的真实身份后，在爱情和信仰的矛盾中饱受煎熬。最后，朱熹决定保护自己的学说和二人的名誉。他先从猎户手中买了一只狐狸，第二天，他召集书院学子和附近村民，宣称胡丽娘被狐狸精附身，他自己也是受了狐狸精的蛊惑，现在狐狸精已经被方外高人捉住并杀死。然后朱熹当众焚烧狐狸的尸体，宣布胡丽娘已经恢复自由之身，并派几位学生护送胡丽娘回家。这个故事是否属实也无从考证，但的确流传很广，根据这个故事改编的黄梅戏电视剧《朱熹与丽娘》还获得了第九届“飞天奖”。
云窝
各位团友，这里就是云窝了。云窝其实就是接笋峰西壁岩下，因峰岩崩塌形成的十余处大小岩洞。冬春早晚，洞穴里常常会冒出缕缕云雾，在峰石间清扬游荡，时而聚成一团，忽又飘散开来。由于洞中基本保持恒温，冬天，洞中相对温暖的空气在洞口遇冷凝结，因而产生云雾。云窝周围景点众多，大家尽可一饱眼福。
云窝历来是古代文人墨客、名宦隐者隐居养心之所。明万历年间，兵部寺郎陈省曾因与宰相政见不一，罢官后即隐居云窝，一住十三年。他对云情有独钟，建了不少亭台楼阁，以云命名。陈省虽为兵家一将，但不失为理学名儒，书法也很了得，在岩崖间留下了以“云”为主题的石刻20多幅。陈省修建的亭台楼阁均已废圯，但他的摩崖题刻依然保存完好，向后人述说他对云的一片痴心。
大家看看这个石门，门额上刻着“叔圭精舍”四个字。叔圭精舍也是一座书院，建筑时间比武夷精舍还早，后来被陈省买下。陈省在叔圭精舍旧址上兴建“幼溪草堂”，极为富丽堂皇。而朱熹营建的武夷精舍，后来改名为“紫阳书院”，当时已经年久失修，十分破败。一位路过的文人见此情景，颇为感慨，题诗于壁。陈省见诗笑道:这分明是激我乎。即日捐资雇工，大兴土木，将紫阳书院修复一新。
晒布岩
这座山就是我们昨天在竹筏上看到的晒布岩。晒布岩高400米，宽200米，由于长年流水冲刷腐蚀，岩壁上布满了数百道直溜溜的流水轨迹，很像布匹的褶皱。请大家注意看，晒布岩的岩壁中间有瘢痕，像一个巨大的掌印。民间传说很早以前，天宫的织女每天都要编织绫罗绸缎，献给王母娘娘。一天清晨，负责运送锦缎的大仙，被脚下的武夷山水迷住了，便放下锦担去游玩。等他想起锦担，绫罗绸缎已被晨雾打湿。他把一匹匹锦缎抖开，晒在大岩壁上，自己在一旁睡着了。等他一觉醒来，日已西斜，锦缎在夕阳下熠熠发光。大仙用手一摸，已经干了，急忙收布。然而，那锦缎已经熔进了石壁中，连他按布的手掌印也永远嵌进了岩壁。
晒布岩在大雨中景色最美，雨水顺着直溜溜的轨迹飞泻直下。不下雨的时候，也别有景致。晒布岩狭长的轨迹倒映水中，水波荡漾之下，像无数条水蛇从溪底直往上窜。
大家请看，前面这块岩壁上“伏虎”二字，就是幼溪草庐的主人陈省留下的。陈省因受宰相张居正排挤，辞职入闽，隐居武夷山中，看到这块石头像蹲伏的老虎，便刻了“伏虎”二字，意指自己怀才不遇，正如山中蹲伏的老虎一样，期盼有朝一日东山再起、大展宏图。
方竹
大家请看伏虎岩右边的这从竹林，这可不是一般的竹子。竹看似圆，摸去却是方的，只是边角比较圆滑而已。你们知道吗?身材高大的竹子，其实是草本植物。竹子是世界上生长最快的植物之一，在生长期内一般每天生长3—10厘米，夜深人静的时候，甚至能听到竹子生长的声音呢。
竹子自古以来就在中国人的日常生活中广泛使用。大家还记得昨天在品尝大红袍的时候坐的椅子吧?那就是竹椅。中国的毛笔也是竹子做的，而且在造纸术发明之前，中国人就是在竹简上写字的，我们吃饭也用竹筷，当然，我们还吃竹笋。竹子还是中国传统品格的象征，古人将竹、菊、梅、兰称为“四君子”，松、竹、梅称“岁寒三友”。竹子象征谦虚、忠诚、刚正不阿，是中国绘画、书法、诗歌中的重要主题。
茶洞
穿过这道石门，里头别有洞天。这就是茶洞，武夷山最早的茶园。大家可以看到，所谓茶洞其实并不是一个洞，而是一片2600平方米的茶园，周围陡崖环绕，像一堵堵高大的城墙将茶园团团围住，唯一的通道就是西边的一条岩罅，人在其中如陷入井底一样，抬头仰视，仅见青天一围。历代都有文人墨客在洞内卜筑隐居，如今这些古老的建筑，大都不见踪迹，这个刻着“流云书屋”的石门就是唯一的遗存了。两百多年前，流云书屋的主人董天工在此完成了二十四卷《武夷山志》的编撰。
天游峰
各位团友，我们准备登天游峰了。登山的游客像一串蚂蚁一样，不过大家不要害怕，天游峰海拔只有409米，相对高度只有215米。各位不妨边登山边数一下，登山道总共有多少级台阶。
我们终于登上了天游峰一览台，史密斯先生和佩妮太太数得最精确，石阶总数是826级。大家可以在一览台俯瞰群峰拱卫，云雾之上，只露峰顶，宛如点点小岛，峰下九曲萦回，武夷山水尽收眼底。
现在请大家跟我到天游观后面看红豆树。这红豆并不是我们吃的那种红豆，它的果实鲜红艳丽，象征着爱情。每当成熟季节，很多人会到这里捡拾红豆。中国古诗中，红豆常常是相思之物。最有名的要数王维的《相思》了:
红豆生南国，
春来发几枝。
愿君多采撷，
此物最相思。
桃源洞
登完天游峰，请大家跟我来，我们还要去欣赏一处美丽的世外桃源。沿着这条小溪前进，大概还有两公里路。
大家有没有注意到，小溪骤然消失了，但我们仍然可以听到石下水声潺潺?从这个小石洞口进去，就能找到答案。里面非常狭窄，不便讲解，我先就在这里大致讲解一下里面的情形。走进石洞，里面似乎没有出口，彷佛山穷水尽。不要担心，一直往前走，直走到一堵高高的石墙面前，一缕日光照见洞底。走到石洞中间，就能看到右边有一个石门，进石门，走上几级台阶，眼前豁然开朗，那就是堪称秘密花园的桃源洞，一直潜伏地下的小溪又奔流而出，重见天日。
桃源洞其实也不能算洞，它其实是个遍植桃花的山谷，周围险峰环抱。晋代诗人陶渊明的经典名篇《桃花源记》，虚构了一处桃花盛开的乐土，深藏山中，远离俗世纷扰。武夷山这处幽深的峡谷，像极了陶渊明笔下的武陵桃花源胜景，故而得名桃源洞。自宋代以来，桃源洞成了人们归隐田园的绝佳选择，尤其为修道之人所钟爱。这是开源堂道观，原是佛寺，后为道士所占，目前是武夷山道教活动中心。
请大家看这尊老子雕像。这是世界上最大的老子雕像，高16米，著名的泉州老君岩仅5.1米高。这座雕像于1996年落成，超过三千信众参加了开光典礼。
老子生于公元前6世纪，是周朝的史官。他一生只留下一本5000字的著作《道德经》，被后人奉为道家学说的创始人。道家哲学在中国也以宗教形式出现，老子在道教中被奉为神袛。
在中国古代，品德高尚、学问高深的人往往被尊称为“子”，比如孔子、孟子。老子之称也是一样，但老子并不姓“老”，那为什么他被称为老子而不是李子呢?这是有典故的。相传老子的母亲怀胎81年才生下他，他一出生就须发皆白。故称“老子”。
道家既是一派宗教，也是一门哲学，强调人要与“道”和谐共生。“道”含有方法、道路、原理的意思，不仅是道家，其他宗教和哲学思想中也有这个概念。不过，在道家学说中，“道”表示世间万物的源泉和原动力。老子学说的精髓在于他朴素的辩证法思想，他认为矛盾的双方在一定条件下是可以互相转化的。福兮祸之所伏，祸兮福之所倚。炼丹术、星相学、禅宗、太极拳、中医、风水、气功都和道家有着深厚的渊源。在中国历史中，道教曾多次被奉为国教。武夷山最早也是一个道教中心，曾经庙观林立。与此同时，佛教也在武夷山不断发展，17世纪以后，武夷山的道教逐渐没落，佛教取代了道教的中心地位。从20世纪80年代起，道教又开始恢复生机，开源堂道观也正式对外开放。
3.Tianyou Peak(Heavenly Tour Peak)
Ladies and gentlemen，after yesterday’s bamboo raft cruise，I would like to welcome you to today’s trip to Tianyou Peak，Heavenly Tour Peak.This trip will reward you withWuyi’s best view.The travel route begins atWuyi Jingshe Academy and winds past Yunwo，the Cloud’s Nest and Shaibu Yan，the Cloth Sunning Crag，Chadong，the tea plantation，and finally reaches Tianyou Peak.
Wuyi Jingshe Academy
It is said that when the noted scholar Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty came to Qiuqu Stream，the Nine－bend Stream，in1183，he was so attracted by its beautiful scenery that he wrote a poemin praise of the place and had an academy built by the stream.The academy was named Wuyi Jinshe Academy and besides acting as a school and Zhu Xi’s studio，it was also used as a club for visiting scholars.Nowwe are at the site where the Wuyi Jinshe Academy used to be.There are only two dilapidated walls left of the ancient academy.The buildings we see today are restored fromthe ruins.
Zhu Xiwas a great ideologist，philosopher and educator after Confucius and he himselfwas also the representative of Confucianism.He lived，wrote books and taught in Wuyi Mountain for over50 years，and neo－Confucianism，the rationalistic Confucian philosophical school he established，gradually spread to other parts of the country and became the orthodox philosophical thought of the government.Wuyi Jinshe was the most influential academy at that time.Consequently Wuyi Mountain became the center of rationalistic Confucianism for 700 years afterwards.Wuyi Jingshe was then a large complex，includingmany halls and pavilions，named Wu Yi Huge Temple.Although Wuyi Jingshe began as a private academy，governments of different times were constantly spending money to rebuild and expand it.At the end of the Song Dynasty，in the 13thcentury，the government even appropriated some state－owned cropland to provide for the scholars of Wuyi Jingshe.Later，the government appointed provosts to handle academic affairs.Wuyi Jingshe was ruined by war in 1365，during the Yuan Dynasty(Mongolian Dynasty)and was rebuilt and used as Zhu Xi’s memorial by Zhu Xi’s descendants about a hundred years later，and renamed as Zhu Wengong Ancestral Temple.
Besides writing and teaching，Zhu Xiwas romantically involved with a widow，Hu Liniang，in Wuyi Jingshe.Hu Liniang’s husband died and her elders wouldn’t let hermarry again on the ground of Zhu Xi’s rationalistic preaching on abstinence.Hu Liniang resented it and came to Wuyi Jingshe for revenge.Only her revenge was rather out of the ordinary.She was scheming to seduce Zhu Xi and ruin his reputation.She was not only young and beautiful，but was well－versed in music，chess，calligraphy and painting as well，exactly the type of lady a traditional Chinese scholar would like.She successfully made Zhu Xi fall for her，but sadly for her，she fell in love with Zhu Xi herself.One was a founder of nationalistic Confucianism，while the other was a widow.This relationship was doomed.Later Zhu Xi found outwho Hu Liniang really was and was torn between his doctrines and his relationship.Zhu Xi decided to end this relationship and save his doctrines as well as their reputation.He first bought a fox froma hunter.The next day he summoned his students and nearby villagers to the academy.He told themthat Hu Liniang had been possessed by a fox spirit and he had been bewitched by the fox in Hu Liniang.Fox spirits in Chinese legend are believed to be seductive like sirens.He said that the fox spirit had been caught and killed by a powerful Taoist priest.Zhu Xi burned the fox in public and declared that Hu Liniang was freed fromthe fox.Then，he made some of his students escort Hu Liniang to her home.I amnot sure how true this story is，but it indeed is a popular legend，and has been adapted into Huangmei Opera play，which won the nineth Flying Goddess Award in 1988.
Yun Wo(Cloud’s Nest)
Ladies and gentlemen，this place is called Yunwo，Clouds＇Nest.Cloud’s Nest is actually a dozen caves located at the foot of the west cliffs of Jiesun Peak.In themornings and evenings，during the winter and spring seasons，clouds and mist often arise fromthe caves，some lingering among the peaks，then gathering together，and finally scattering.The air temperature inside these caves is fairly constant.In cold weather，the warmer air from deep inside the caves is chilled at the mouth of the caves and mists are formed.Yunwo is surrounded by many beautiful peaks and rocks.Look around and feast your eyes.
Many famous scholars and government officials built houses at Yunwo and live here in seclusion.In Ming Dynasty about five hundred years ago，a Deputy Minister of Defense called Chen Sheng quit his job because he didn’t agree with the Prime Minister and came to live here.He lived as a recluse for 13 years and became a true lover of clouds.He built pavilions and towers and named themafter clouds.Although Chen Sheng was a military official，he was also a rationalistic Confucianist and quite a calligraphist.He left more than twenty cliff inscriptions here，most of themabout clouds.Nothing was left of the pavilions and halls he built，but his inscriptions are still here sharing with us his feelings for clouds.
Look at this stone gate.It reads“Shugui Jingshe”.It was another academy for classical learning built even earlier than Wuyi Jingshe.Shuigui Jingshe was later sold to Chen Sheng，who renovated and expanded it to be a magnificent complex call Youxi Caotang.At that time Wuyi Jingshe，then renamed as Ziyang Academy，was dilapidated.A passing scholar saw this and wrote a poemon a wall lamenting over this contrast.Chen Sheng saw the poemand smiled，“This guy is pushing me!”The next day he donated money and hired workers to renovate Ziyang Academy.
Shaibu Yan(Cloth Sunning Crag)
This crag is Shaibu Yan，the Cloth Sunning Crag that we saw fromthe Nine－bend River cruise yesterday.It is 400 meters high and 200 meters wide.Due to the erosive effects of running water through the years，the crag wall is overspread with hundreds of straight slippery tracks that look like pleats in a piece of cloth.If you look carefully you can see the imprintof a huge palmlefton the cloth.Legend has it thatweaving girls in heaven had to weave silk fabrics and presented themto the Queen Mother everyday.One early morning，an immortal，that was carrying some satin to the Queen Mother，was fascinated by the beautiful peaks and waters below and stopped to admire the scenery.When he remembered his duty he found his fabric dampened by morning dew.He conveniently spread out the fabric on a big crag to dry while he himself took a nap beside it.When he woke up it was already evening and the satin was gleaming in the evening glow.He felt it and it was dry.He hastened to gather the fabric，but the fabric had somehowbeen petrified.Even the imprint of his palmwas left on the cliff face forever.
Shaibu Yan looks the best in a downpour，with water cascading down the folds like a waterfall.But if you don’t like the idea of being caught in a rain，the reflection of Shaibu Yan is also an interesting sight.The reflection of the long and narrow tracks in the ripples looks like hundreds of water snakes trying to slither up the cliff.
Look at this cliff inscription.It reads“Fuhu”，meaning crouching tiger.This was left by Chen Sheng，too.Chen Sheng was edged outby the then Prime Minister and came to live in Wuyi Mountain.When he saw this rock resembling a crouching tiger，he couldn’t help comparing himself to it.Although his talents were not recognized，he was prepared to leap and pounce when the time was right.
Square Bamboo
See the bamboo grove on the right of Fuhu Rock?They are no ordinary bamboos.Their culmsmay look round，but when you feel them，you know that they are actually square with blunt edges.Can you believe that these tall plants are actually herbaceous plant?Bamboo is one of the fastest－growing plants on Earth.A typical growth rate is in the range of 3-10 cmper day during the growing period.You could practically hear themgrow in the quiet of the night.
Since ancient times，bamboo has been widely used in the daily life of the Chinese people.Do you still remember the chairs you sat on yesterday while drinking some Dahongpao tea?They aremade of bamboo.Chinese writing brushes are made of bamboo，and before paper was invented，Chinese people wrote on bamboo slips.We also eat with bamboo chopsticks，besides eating bamboo shoots.Moreover，bamboo is viewed as a symbol of traditional Chinese values.Ancient Chinese people designated the bamboo，chrysanthemum，plumand orchid，as the“four gentlemen”，and pine，bamboo and plumas the“three friends in winter”.Bamboo represents the character of moral integrity，resistance，modesty and loyalty.These values are one of the major themes in Chinese painting，calligraphy and poetry.
Cha Dong(Tea Cave)
Come through this stone gate and you will enter a world all on its own.This is the so－called Cha Dong，or Tea Cave.It is Wuyi’s first tea plantation.As you can see，actually it is not a cave，but some 2，600 square meters land surrounded by peaks.The cliffs are like walls closing up the plantation，leaving only one narrow rock crevice in the west.You will feel as though you were at the bottomof a well when you look up only to see a small patch of blue sky.Scholars of different times liked to live a recluse life here.Most of their houses are nowhere to be seen.This stone gate bearing the name“Liuyun Shuwu”，meaning“Flying Clouds Study”is the only thing that survives today.Its owner Dong Tiangong finished his 24－volume Wuyi Chorography in this study two hundred years ago.
Tianyou Peak(Heavenly Tour Peak)
Nowwe are going to climb Tianyou Feng，Heavenly Tour Peak.Don’t be daunted by the long streamof tourists climbing up the steps like ants.Tianyou Feng is 409 meters above sea level，and its relative height is only 215 meters.Why don’t you count howmany steps there are while you climb?
Congratulations!Mr Smith and Ms Penny have got the number correct.It is 826.You are now standing at Yilan Tai，Bird’s Eye Lookout.You can enjoy the panoramic view of the surrounding peaks and hills and also the winding Nine－bend River below.The peaks practically look like islands in the sea of mist and clouds.
Let’s go behind the Tianyou Temple.This is an ancient ormosia tree.It bears hard and bright red beans.We call them Hongdou in Chinese，meaning“red bean”，but they are not the red beans thatwe eat.They have become a symbol of love for Chinese.When the seeds are ripe，people like to search under the tree hoping to collect some fallen red beans.
There are some old Chinese poems that relate it to lovesickness.The best known poemis the one written by Wang Wei in Tang Dynasty:
The Red Beans grow in the South.
Each spring this tall shrub puts out some new twigs.
I hope you would pick a great deal.
They bring on the most exquisite love’s yearnings one can feel.
(translated by Gong Jinghao)
Taoyuan Cave(Peach Blossom Cave)
After climbing the Heavenly Tour Peak we are going to visit another place of unworldly beauty.Followme along the path along the stream.There are still2 kilometers to walk.
Have you noticed that the streamsuddenly disappears fromhere，butwe can still hear the rushing water?Enter this small rock passage and you will find out.It will not be convenient to talk to you inside the narrow passage so I＇ll tell you what to expect before we get in.Once inside，there is no visible exit and you will seem to be trapped.Do not despair;follow on until you see ahead a high stone wall，and a shaft of light illuminates the grotto floor.As you approach the center of the grotto，a stone gateway comes into view on the right.Climb the few stairs and there before you is the secret garden，Taoyuan Dong，the Peach Blossom Cave，and you will see the lurking streamgushes out into the open again.OK，let’s go.
Taoyuan Dong is not a cave.It is actually a flat valley planted with peach trees and surrounded by the sheer pleated peaks.During the Jin Dynasty in the 3rd century，a famous poet Tao Yuanming wrote his classic Taohuayuan Ji，The Land of Peach Blossoms.It told of a fictitious paradise，hidden in the mountains away from the world of turmoil and filled with ever blooming peach trees.This hidden valley in Wuyi Mountain embodies his description so well that people came to call it Taoyuan Dong.Since the Song Dynasty，which was about a thousand years ago，the valley was a favorite abode of recluses，especially Taoist devotees.This is Kaiyuantang Temple built in the Tang Dynasty in the 7th century.It was at first a Buddhist Temple，and was later taken over by Taoists.It is now the center of Taoist activities in Wuyi Mountain.
Please look at this statue of Laozi.It is the biggest of its kind in the world，standing 16 meters high.The famous statue of Laozi in Quanzhou is only 5.1 meters high.The statue was carved in 1996 and more than 3000 Taoist believers congregated for the unveiling ceremony.
Laozi lived in the 6th century BC as an official of the Zhou Dynasty taking charge of the administration of history books and records.He left nothing about himself except his five－thousand－word masterpiece Dao De Jing，which made himfamous as the founder of Taoism.But in religious formof Taoist philosophy，he is also revered as a god.
According to Chinese ancient custom，those noble academic people would be called respectfully with the character“zi”，which means“mister or teacher”，such as Kongzi，Confucius，or Mengzi，Mencious.Laozi is also called in this way but his surname was Li instead of Lao.Then why is he called Laozi rather than Lizi?There is a legend to be told.It is said that Laozi’s mother had her pregnancy for 81 years and he was born with a white beard and hair.That’s why he is called Laozi.Lao means old.
Taoismis a philosophical and religious tradition that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao.The term Tao means“way”，“path”or“principle”，and can also be found in Chinese philosophies and religions other than Taoism.In Taoism，however，Tao denotes something that is both the source and the driving force behind everything that exists.The soul of Laozi’s theory is his simple dialectic opinion claiming that the two aspects of a conflict could be transferred toward its opposite direction under certain conditions.Good fortune lies within bad;bad fortune lurks within good.Chinese alchemy，astrology，Zen Buddhism，Taichi Boxing，Traditional Chinese medicine，Fengshui，and Qigong，all have been intertwined with Taoism.Throughout Chinese history，Taoismwas several times nominated as state religion.Wuyi Mountain was at first a center of Taoism，when many temples were established，but Buddhismalso developed alongside.After the 17thcentury，however，Taoismfellmuch fromfavor and Buddhismin Wuyi largely superseded Taoism.Taoismbegain to revivie in the 1980s，and Kaiyuantang Temple was officially reopened.
Vocabulary:
cruise n.乘船游览
dilapidated adj.荒废的，要塌似的
academy n.学院;研究院
ideologist n.思想家
restore vt.恢复;修复
Neo－Confucianism n.新儒学
rationalistic adj.理性主义的
appropriate vt.拨出
mongolian adj.蒙古人的
preaching n.讲道;劝诫
abstinence n.节制;节欲
widow n.寡妇
well－versed adj.精通的
seclusion n.隐退;隐蔽的地方
erosive adj.腐蚀的
petrified adj.石化的
cascade vi.像瀑布般冲下或倾泻
Designate vt.把…定名为
chrysanthemum n.菊花
integrity n.正直
calligraphy n.书法
chorography n.地方志
panoramic adj.全景的
illuminate vt.照亮
grotto n.洞穴
unveil vt.揭幕
congregate vi.聚集
4.一线天—虎啸岩
一线天
各位团友，我们今天的第一个景点是一线天。大家看，这里有三个毗邻的岩洞，请随我从右边的伏羲洞进入。请大家注意走好，岩洞内很暗，我们可能还会跟住在洞内的蝙蝠不期而遇呢。等下我们要从两山之间长达178米的岩缝中挤过去，岩缝最窄处仅30厘米。大家一路摸索前进的时候，别忘了不时抬头看看天空，你就会明白“一线天”这个景点名称的由来。
恭喜大家顺利通过。有人笑称，如果能顺利通过一线天，说明你们的身材绝对标准。
武夷山的红色岩石包括砂岩、砾岩、页岩，岩性比较松脆。在地壳抬升的过程中，岩层由于受到不均匀的应压力的影响，产生轻微的断裂，形成节理。这种垂直的节理，在流水的长年的溶解和侵蚀下，逐渐扩大、延长。而岩层底部质地松软的页岩，也就逐渐侵蚀而去，成为三个相邻的扁浅岩洞。
请大家跟我进入风洞。大家是否感觉到有凉风从洞中徐徐吹来?这风从何而来呢?答案在洞顶。一线天贯穿风洞洞顶，最高处49米。风就是从这这石罅中吹来的。风洞和伏羲洞之间还有崎岖的小路相连。
最后一个洞叫灵岩洞，相传曾有仙人在此降妖。一线天没有经过灵岩洞顶，灵岩洞跟风洞之间也没有通道相连。
楼阁岩
各位团友，我们眼前的就是楼阁岩。这是一座壁立如屏的岩石，岩壁石洞较多，似高楼窗户。我前面说过，武夷山的岩石主要是砂岩、砾岩、页岩，岩性比较松脆，这些石洞就是岩壁风化和腐蚀的结果。崖壁上这四个字是“天心明月”。昨天我们游览天心永乐禅寺的时候我跟大家介绍过这个佛教术语，佛教以月亮的宁静、空明譬喻佛性真如，以“见月”譬喻开悟和明心见性。相传，这个题刻是朱熹所留。朱熹不仅是理学宗师，也爱好佛学。岩壁上还有关于明代在楼阁岩下鼎建甘泉精舍的两幅岩刻。一幅记载捐建者姓名及所捐钱物;一幅记载书院学田的分布范围。
虎啸岩
这座巍然独立的陡峭山岩就是虎啸岩。相传虎啸岩是因为仙人骑虎吼啸其上而得名。其实“虎啸”之声，是来自岩上的一个石洞，山风穿过洞口，有如虎啸。
虎啸岩跟大王峰很相似，四壁陡峭，巍然独耸。我们现在已经到了虎啸岩半壁，岩下向前伸出这块小平台，大家看看它是像小船、乌龟，还是虎舌?由于形状独特，这块石头名为“不浪舟”，但又俗称乌龟石、虎舌石。大家要低头弯腰才能从石头下通过。
我们在天成禅院这里休息一下。这儿有一尊巨大的观音菩萨岩雕。观音是观世音的简称，从字面解释就是“观察世间民众的声音”。根据佛经记载，观音已经证悟空性，本可进入西方极乐世界，但她听到尘世间众生绝望的呼喊，便立刻返回，发愿留在娑婆世界，也就是尘世间，救度一切受苦众生，直到人人都达到与她同样的证悟境界，进入涅盘之境。
有趣的是，公元5世纪观音刚刚传到中国的时候，是男子形象。在之后的三百年中他神奇地转变成女相。儒家主张男女授受不亲，观音以女相示人，方便妇女在闺房中供奉观音像，每日膜拜。此后，观音民间信仰不断普及，观音也逐渐成为中国信众最多的神祗。不但几乎所有佛教寺庙供奉观音，普通民众家中供奉观音也很普遍。人们相信，观音像前，早晚一炉香，能保佑全家，带来好运。她还被奉为送子观音，成了妇女儿童的保护神。观音是美丽、优雅、慈悲的化身，至今依然是亚洲女性的理想形象。
观音像最常见的是手托净瓶，内装象征慈悲与智慧的甘露水。而这尊观音雕像则手执如意，如意是佛教法器，象征法力和吉祥。
大家跟我来，禅院右边就是语儿泉，水声若小儿牙牙学语。这水用来泡茶再好不过，以往有饮茶嗜好的，每每携带茶具来此，取泉烹茶。前面有个茶亭，大家可以在这里休息一下，喝杯茶。
兜鍪峰
我们已经爬到虎啸岩顶，你看，武夷群峰尽收眼底。大家看那座奇峭的山峰，活像古代卫士的头盔，所以叫做兜鍪峰。它又名斗米峰，这个名字来源于一个民间故事:很早以前，兜鍪峰上有一座小庙，庙里有一老一少两个和尚。老和尚善良厚道，小和尚懒惰贪心。庙旁有个仙洞，名叫“斗米洞”，只要一念口诀，白花花的大米就像涓涓细水一样流出来。小和尚看见老和尚每天只取一斗米，经常抱怨道:为什么不多拿一点儿?老和尚教育他说:“做人莫贪心!”小和尚并没有听进老和尚的教导。有一天，老和尚下山去办事，临走时把口诀告诉了小和尚。老和尚刚走，小和尚就迫不及待地拿起米斗，挑上箩筐，又拎个大布袋，跑到斗米洞，装满米斗又装箩筐。他还嫌洞口太小，米出得太慢，便搬起石头砸开洞口。洞里的大米哗哗地流了出来，不久布袋也装满了。可他还不肯罢休，大米越流越多，堆成了一座小山。小和尚很得意，嘴里不停地唤着:“流呀，流呀，快流呀!”大米越流越多，越流越快，终于像潮水般涌来，一下子把他淹没。可怜的小和尚甚至来不及念收住的口诀就被永远埋在了里面。
4.Yixiantian(AThread of Sky)
The first attraction we are going to see is Yixiantian.Aword for word translation would be“AThread of Sky”.
You can see three adjacent caves here.Come with me into this cave on the right，the Fuxi Cave.Please be careful，it’s going to be rather dark inside and we may run into some bats that live here.What you are going to do is to squeeze through a 178 meter－long crevice between two mountains，the narrowest part is only 30 centimeters wide.When you are fumbling your way forward，take a look at the sky fromtime to time and you will understand how it gets this name，One Thread of Sky.
Congratulations!All of you have passed the gap successfully.People have been joking that if you can come out of the crevice all right，there is no doubt that you are in perfectly good shape!
The red stone we see in Wuyi Mountian consists of sandstone，conglomerate rock and shale，which are rather brittle.The uneven pressure exerted while the earth’s crust rose caused a slight fracture in the rock.This vertical fissure in the rock was then eroded away by water and gradually become wider and longer.The soft shale at the bottomwas eroded more than the other parts and three adjacent caves were formed.
Followme while we go into another of the three caves，the Wind Cave.Do you feel cold wind blowing out of the cave?Where is the wind from?Look up for the answer.The crevice of Yixiantian runs through the roof of the Wind Cave.The highest point stands at49 meters.Wind blows in through the crevice.By the way，there is a rugged path connecting the Wind Cave and the Fuxi Cave.
The lastof the three caves is the Lingyan Cave.Legend has it that an immortal once subdued a demon in this cave.The Yixiantan Crevice doesn’t go through the roof of the Lingyan Cave and there is no pathway connecting itwith the Wind Cave.
Louge Crag(Mansion Crag)
Ladies and gentlemen，this is called the Louge Crag.The word“louge”means“building”.The crag is such named because of those holes in the cliff face looking like windows in a building.As I have said，the sandstone，conglomerate rock and shale that make up the mountains here are rather soft and brittle.The holes are the result of corrosion and weathering.These four characters on the cliff are“Tian Xin Ming Yue”，meaning“the brightmoon in the middle of the sky”.I told you about this Buddhist termyesterday when we were visiting the Tianxin Temple.Buddhists compare Buddha nature to the bright and tranquil moon，and refer enlightenment and finding one’s true self to“seeing the moon”.It is said that this inscription was made by Zhu Xi.You know，Zhu Xi was not only a scholar in Neo－Confucianism，but also a lover of Buddhism.On the cliff there are two inscriptions recording the establishment of the Ganquan Jingshe Academy at the foot of Louge Crag.One is a list of donators＇names and the amount of their donation.The other is a map of state－owned croplands that the government appropriated to the Ganquan Jingshe Academy.
Huxiao Crag(Roaring Tiger Crag)
This imposing crag is called Huxiao Yan，Roaring Tiger Crag.Legend has it that an immortal rode a roaring tiger on the rock，hence the name of Roaring Tiger Rock.Actually the sound of the tiger roaring comes fromwind blowing across the mouth of a cave in the crag.
Huxiao Yan is a column－like monolith towering like Dawang Feng，the Great King Peak.We are nowhalf way up the crag.Take a look at this protruding rock standing in our way.Dose it resemble a boat?A turtle?Or a tiger’s tongue? Its peculiar shape has earned itmany different nicknames.Please mind your head when we go through under this rock.
This is Tiancheng Temple.Let’s take a rest here and have a look at this huge statue of Guanyin，the Goddess of Mercy.Its Chinese name Guanyin is short for Guanshiyin，which means“observing the sounds of the world”.According to Buddhist scriptures，Guanyin has achieved enlightenment and won the right to enter Buddhist Heaven or Nirvana，but at Heaven’s gates Guanyin heard the despairing cries of those back on earth.She quickly returned to the earthly world，and vowed to stay there to help all the suffering people achieve the same level of enlightenment that she had，so that they too could enter Nirvana.
It’s interesting to note that Guanyin was brought to China in the fifth century as amale figure.In the next three hundred years，he mysteriously transformed into the female figure.Because Confucianism holds that men and women should maintain a proper distance fromeach other，it is more convenient for Chinese women to have a statue of female Guanyin in their bedrooms and pray to her everyday.Fromthen on，Guanyin gradually became the popular Goddess in Chinese folk belief.Guanyin is not only worshiped in perhaps every Buddhist monastery in China，but also in the homes of the general populace.Chinese people believe that to have a picture or statue of Guanyin in one’s home and pray to her on a daily basis brings good luck and protection to the household.She is generally regarded by many as the protector of women and children.By this association she is also seen as a fertility goddess capable of granting children.Her embodiment of beauty，grace and compassion still represent the ideal of womanhood in Asia.
Guanyin is often depicted holding a treasure vase，which symbolizes the sacred nectar of compassion and wisdom.In this depiction，however，she is holding a Ruyi，a scepter in Buddhism symbolizing power and good fortune.
Please come with me.On the right of the temple is the Yuer Spring，or the Babbling Spring.The water is ideal for making tea.Tea lovers in ancient times would bring their tea sets and brew tea here.There’s a tea pavilion ahead.Let’s go have a sip.
Doumou Peak(Helmet Peak)
We are now on the top of Huxiao Crag.Enjoy the panoramic view of Wuyi’s numerous peaks.Let’s look at that precipitous peak.It looks like a helmet，hence the name Doumou Peak，meaning helmet peak.It is also known as Doumi Peak.“Doumi”means“a bucket of rice”.There is a story behind this rather peculiar name.Once upon a time，there was a little temple at Doumou Peak，with only two monks，one young，and the other old.The old monk is kind and honest，while the young monk is lazy and greedy.There is a magic cave near the temple.Gleaming white rice will flow from the cave if someone says the magic words.The old monk only took one little bucket of rice each day.The young monk often complained:“Why don’t you take some more?”The old monk would kindly say to him:“It’s not right to be greedy!”However，the young monk never listened to him.One day，the old monk went out to handle some business and told the young monk the magic words before he left.The young monk hurried to the magic rice cave as soon as the old monk was gone，with a rice bucket，two large bamboo baskets and a big sack.He filled the rice bucket，and then the baskets.He thought the opening of the cave was too small and the flow of rice too slow，so he lifted a rock and broke the mouth of the cave wider.The rice gushed out of the cave and soon the big sack was also filled.Even that was not enough for the greedy monk.Soon the rice piled up into a big mound.The young monk got a little carried away and cried，“Come on!More!More!More!”The flow of rice got faster and faster，finally engulfing the young monk.The poor monk did not even have the chance to say the magic words that make the flow of rice stop before he was buried under it.
Vocabulary:
conglomerate adj.砾岩性的
shale n.页岩
exert vt.施加
fracture n.断裂
vertical adj.垂直的
fissure n.裂缝
erode vt.腐蚀，侵蚀
subdue vt.征服
corrosion n.腐蚀
weathering n.风化作用
nirvana n.涅槃;极乐世界
fertility n.多产
embodiment n.化身
compassion n.同情
imposing adj.壮观的
protrude vi.突出
engulf vt.吞没
5.下梅村
大家可以花半天去下梅村游览，在武夷山市往东13公里就到了。虽然下梅村比起武夷山景区来说不是个大景点，但你可以在此领略到古老的中国元素，欣赏到现代中国尚存的些许乡村风情。
一条900米长的小河自东向西蜿蜒而过，把村庄分成两个部分。明清风格的古民居分列小河两岸，两岸的房屋屋前形成了两条主街，沿河岸修建的两排长长的靠背木椅，倒是成了乡人闲谈的理想场所。
下梅村保存完好的古建筑大概有三十处，大部分是明清民居，以精致的砖雕、石雕、木雕装饰。雕刻的图案都蕴含一定的美好愿望，比如金榜题名、加官进爵、长命百岁、子孙满堂。有些图案取材于吉祥喜庆的经典剧目。
邹氏祠堂是明清时期武夷山建筑成就的典型代表。祠堂在中国家族中是非常神圣的，是祭祀祖先的场所，这与重视孝道的儒家文化密切相关。祠堂大厅一般是进行家族礼仪活动，或过年过节祭祀祖先的地方，也供家族成员举行婚礼或丧礼，有时还充当会议厅或安排当地的选举活动。一般来说，祠堂中供奉祖宗牌位，邹氏祠堂内还供奉着祠规和家祠史略的碑刻。
下梅村的辉煌得益于当时繁荣的茶叶贸易。下梅村是当时的茶叶集散地，17世纪全程近两万公里的“茶叶之路”就是从这里踏出第一步。当时晋商云集，村中八个码头装卸不绝，每日行舟300艘。茶叶从这里运往北方，最终到达俄罗斯的圣彼得堡。
5.Xiamei Village
You can take a half day trip to the ancient Xiamei Village，13 km east of Wuyishan City.It is a minor tourist site compared to others in the Wuyishan region，but it shows some very interesting aspects of old China and the still existing rural life in modern China.
A900 meter long river winds across the village fromeast to west，splitting it into two parts.Ancient wooden houses were builtalong both sides of the river.The walkways in front of the houses are two main streets in the village.On both the riverbanks，a long bench with backrest is fixed，providing excellent venues for the locals to socialize.
Around 30 ancient buildings are still intact now in Xiamei village.Most of the houses are vernacular Ming and Qing dwellings featuring exquisite brick，stone and wood carvings.There is always a certain good wish behind each pattern，such as passing imperial exams and getting promoted，or having longevity and lots of kids.Some designs were taken from traditional operas with auspicious meaning.
The ancestral temple of Zou family is a building that exemplifies the architectural achievement of the area in Ming and Qing Dynasties.An ancestral temple is a sacred place for a Chinese clan.It is a site for ancestrial worship in Chinese culture，closely linked to Confucian culture with the emphasis placing on filial piety.Generally，the halls are used for collective rituals and festivals to honor ancestors，but also for other family and community related functions such as weddings and funerals.Sometimes，they serve wider community functions such as meetings and local elections.Normally，enshrined in the hall are ancestral tablets that embody the ancestral spirits.In the ancestral temple of Zou family in Xiamei Village，steles with inscriptions of family rules and temple annals are also enshrined.
The prosperity of this village back then could be attributed to the thriving tea business.Xiamei Village became a tea distributing centre，a starting point of the 20 thousand kilometers long Ancient Tea Road in the 17thcentury.Many merchants fromShanxi Province thronged here to buy tea leaves.The eight docks along the river were busy all day long.Each day three hundred rafts came to and left Xiamei Village，transporting tea leaves to the north，finally reaching Saint Petersburg in Russia.
Vocabulary:
venue n.场所
socialize vi.交际;参与社交
vernacular adj.地方的
exquisite adj.精致的
auspicious adj.吉利的
collective adj.集体的;共同的
ritual n.仪式
enshrine vt.把…置于神龛内
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