宁德市概况

一、宁德市概况

各位团友，欢迎大家来宁德旅游。宁德是一个地级市，位于福建东北沿海。根据2010年的人口普查，宁德市共有340万人口，其中畲族人口17万，占全国畲族人口的25%。

宁德多山，气候条件优越，给林业发展提供了有利条件。到1999年为止，宁德森林面积达8482平方公里，森林覆盖率65%，其中竹林面积占600平方公里，每年生产竹制品六百万件。宁德最主要的创汇农产品是香菇和茶叶。茶叶是宁德的传统产业，根据1999年的数据，宁德茶叶种植面积已经达到463平方公里，绿茶产量占全国的10%。茶叶生产加工的各个阶段为宁德直接或间接提供了一百二十万个就业岗位。宁德拥有宽阔的浅海海域，非常适合水产养殖。2000年，水产品占了农业生产总值的41%。主要海产品包括大黄鱼、海蛎、蛏、对虾、淡水鳗。

宁德有着丰富多彩的民间艺术。最具代表性的是搬铁枝、线狮、剪纸。搬铁枝表演一般在春节期间进行。将钢管或铁条焊接成枝状并固定于车辕上，演员多为少儿，打扮成民间故事中的人物，或坐或站在扶枝位置上，铁枝车也装饰成故事中的景点布景，比如凌霄宝殿。铁枝车可推行，乐队随后伴奏，一般都是喜庆的乐曲。线狮表演在宁德霍铜镇十分流行。狮子多由竹篾为框架，外面罩上色彩鲜艳的织物，狮子跟木架子固定在一起，狮子的身体部位，如头、尾、脚，分别由不同绳子控制。木架固定在车辕上，可以走街串巷去表演。表演者站在车上，提拉绳子，使狮子做出各种动作。不过，现在线狮表演一般使用固定舞台。剪纸则是柘荣县的独特技艺。传统的剪纸图案有花、文字、生活用具。柘荣于2000年被文化部授予“中国民间剪纸艺术之乡”的称号。

宁德最有名的景点就是福鼎的太姥山和屏南的鸳鸯溪景区。我们的行程里已经包括了这两个景区。其他还有周宁的九龙漈瀑布，柘荣的东狮山，霞浦的赤岸和杨家溪，古田的临水宫、翠屏湖，蕉城区的霍铜溪，三都澳的海滨风光，霞浦的杨家溪。我来简单介绍下九龙漈和三都澳。

九龙漈瀑布位于周宁县七步溪下游，距县城14公里，总面积9.5平方公里，其中核心保护区2平方公里。此段水流称为龙溪。龙溪在中心区不到1公里的流程中，落差却达300多米，形成九级飞瀑。第一级瀑布最为壮观，瀑布宽75米，高45米，飞瀑磅礴而下，腾起的薄雾飞散在百米开外。在九级瀑布之下，形成一条长达100余米的平静溪潭，可泛舟潭上，闲看山水湛然一碧。

三都澳距宁德市区30公里，海域面积714平方公里，深度10米以上的海岸线73公里。三都澳早在唐朝时就已开放对外贸易。1694年，三都澳下辖9个口岸。到20世纪30年代，在三都澳安家落户的外国公司有二十多家，分别来自英国、美国、德国、俄国、日本、荷兰、瑞典、西班牙、葡萄牙。现在在三都澳还可以看到当时修建的西班牙天主堂和修道院。然而，30年代末日军两次轰炸，把这个小岛夷为平地，三都澳的辉煌瞬间灰飞烟灭，直到30年前才重新开发。

三都澳是最大的大黄鱼养殖基地。水产养殖网箱达八万多个，这些网箱由泡沫浮球相互连结，渔户们在上面搭建房屋，建起了一座漂浮在海上的城市，人口达一万两千人，餐馆、派出所一应俱全。

三都澳也有不少奇峰怪石，如螺壳岩、笔架山。其中螺壳岩颇有意思，整块石头高7米，外部圆滑，略带螺旋状，内腹空心，极像一枚螺壳。

Chapter 10 Ningde City

Overview of the Prefecture of Ningde

Ladies and gentlemen，welcome to Ningde.Ningde is a prefecture－level city located along the northeastern coast of Fujian province.According to the 2010 Census，Ningde has a registered population of3.4 million people，170 thousand of themare the She ethnic people，who take up 25%of the total She population in China.

The mountainous landscape and advantageous climate conditions are beneficial to the development of forestry.Since 1999，8，482 square kilometers，or 65 percent of the entire prefecture，are forested.Out of this area，bamboo groves occupy 600 square kilometers，producing an annual output of six million bamboo products.The largest agricultural exports from Ningde include mushrooms and tea.Tea cultivation has long been an important industry here.From1999 statistics，the total area of tea plantations in Ningde had reached 463 square kilometers and the output of green tea took up 10 percent of the entire country.More than 1.2 million jobs were created directly and indirectly from different stages of the tea industry.Ningde is blessed with a vast area of shallow sea，which is suitable for aquaculture.In 2000，aquatic products took up 41 percent of the total output value of agriculture from Ningde.Major products include yellow croakers，oysters，razor clams，prawns and freshwater eels.

The folk arts in Ningde are varied and colorful.Among themthe Bantiezhi parade，puppet lion dance，and paper－cutting are the most representative.The Bantiezhi parade ismostly seen during the Chinese New Year.Iron rods are welded together to resemble the branches of a tree and are fastened to vehicles.During the parade，children dressed up as characters from Chinese folklore sitor stand on the branches，which were also decorated to resemble classic scenes such as the Heavenly Palace.The vehicles then cruise along the streets to the company of jovialmusic.Puppet lion dance is popular in Huotong Town.The lion puppets are usually made of colorful fabrics over bamboo frames and are connected to wooden racks by ropes.Each individual rope controls a part of the lion’s body，such as the head，tail or foot.The racks are seton vehiclesmoving through the streets.Performers on the vehicles pull on the ropes to make the lions dance or performvarious tricks.Now puppet lion dance in Huotong is often performed on fixed stages.Paper－cutting is a specialty of Zherong County.Common forms of the art include traditional flower patterns，words and daily life objects.Because of her paper art achievements，Zherong County was named“Home of Chinese Folk Arts——Paper－cutting”by the Ministry of Culture in 2000.

There are many covered bridges in Ningde，particularly in Pingnan.

The most popular sights to see in Ningde are the Taimu Mountains in Fuding City and the Mandarin Duck River Valley in Pingnan County.We are going to visit these two places during this trip.Other places of interest include the Jiulongji Waterfall in Zhouning，the Dongshi Mountains in Zherong，Chi＇an Beach and Yangjiaxi River in Xiapu，Cuiping Lake and Linshui Temple in Gutian County，where protective Goddess Chen Jinggu is worshiped，the Huotong River Valley in Jiaocheng，Ningde and the coastal scenes round Sandu Bay.Let me tell you a little about Jiulongji Waterfall Groups and Sandu Bay.

Jiulongji Waterfall Groups，which roughly translate as Nine－dragon Waterfalls，consist of nine drops.They are located in the lower reach of Qibu River in Zhouning County，about14km away from the county seat.It covers an area of9.5 square kilometers，among which the protected central area，the Longxi River，or Dragon River，covers 2 square km.The nine－dragon waterfalls have a total drop of 300 meters in the less than one kilometer course!The first drop of Jiulongji Waterfall is the most spectacular.The 75－meter wide river thunders down 45 meters，creating a huge mist that can be felt even a hundred meters away.At the end of the nine－drop falls is a long and quiet100－meter pond，a good place to row boats and enjoy the mountain and the waterfall views.

Sandu Bay is about30 kmaway from Ninde city proper.It covers a sea area of 714 square km with 73 km of water coastline that runs over 10 meters deep.Sandu Bay began to trade with foreign countries a dozen centuries ago，back in the Tang Dynasty.In 1694，Sandu Bay administered nine ports.By 1930s，the island was home to at least 20 foreign companies from Britain，the U.S.，Germany，Russia，Japan，Holland，Sweden，Spain，and Portugal.Now in Sandu Bay，you can still see a Spanish Catholic Church and a convent built during that time.But ancient Sandu Bay’s glory ended overnight when Japanese bombers razed the island to the ground twice in the late1930s.Development of Sandu Bay didn’t start again until about three decades ago.

Sandu Bay is the largest cultivation base of yellow croakers.There are more than 80，000 floating net cages for fish farming.The net cages are fastened together with floating foam cylinders，and fish farmers build houses on them，creating a floating town of twelve thousand people，with restaurants，shops，a police station and all.

There are some nice peaks and rocks to see at Sandu Bay.Among the mare“Snail Rock”and“Penholder Mountain”.The“Snail Rock”is of fun.It is about 7 meters high.The outside is round and smooth and somewhat spiral，while the inside is actually a cave，making it all the more like the shell of a snail.

Vocabulary:

prefecture　　　n.辖区

aquatic　　　adj.水生的

croaker　　　n.黄花鱼

oyster　　　n.牡蛎

razor clam　　　n.蛏

prawn　　　n.对虾，明虾

eel　　　n.鳗鱼;鳝鱼

convent　　　n.女修道院

jovial　　　adj.快乐的

drop　　　n.落差

spiral　　　adj.螺旋形的