第五章 综合自测题
Test One
Section A Chinese to English
我到丽江古城去玩了一个下午。那里处处流水,处处杨柳依依,而且还有女子在溪边浣衣,令人几疑是北宋的一幅山水画摆在那儿。连那里的居民,居民的衣着,似乎都停留在宋代。外人走进去,仿佛走进了桃花源,时间都终止了。
丽江以后,一早又乘班车到金江,准备到金江后,转搭火车到峨眉山去。车子翻过一座座的高山,走了几乎一整天,才在下午六时左右,开进了一个地名很别致的地方,叫攀枝花市,也等于进入四川省界了。金江火车站就在市郊了。
(选自《杜甫的五城:一个中国火车迷的壮游》,作者赖瑞和)
Section B English to Chinese
We may pretend that beauty is only skin deep,but the sad truth is that attractive people do better.They do better in school,where they receive more help and are punished less;at work,where they get better pay and higher positions;in love,where they control the relationship;and among strangers,who think them to be more interesting,honest,and successful.
After all,in most stories the characters are divided into heroes that are handsome,women that are beautiful,and bad people that are ugly.Therefore,even as children,we began to see through stories that good people are beautiful and bad people are ugly.Perhaps it is not surprising that a judge is more likely to give an attractive criminal a shorter sentence.
(Excerpted from Why Does Beauty Matter?)
Test Two
Section A Chinese to English
一进入庆元境内,美丽的廊桥可以在路边看到一些。在距离县城西北16公里,一个叫竹口镇的地方,后坑桥跨越在两座山头之间,如同一道彩虹出现在我们面前。它在第一时间里,让我想起了著名的《廊桥遗梦》:一个叫罗伯特的美国人,曾用他的镜头感动了世界,人们纷纷把目光投向了那座叫麦迪逊的廊桥。今天,当我们和摄影家陈晓华来到这座有着300多年历史的廊桥时,我们仿佛进入了一个时间的入口,在这些窄窄的条凳上,仿佛昨天坐过歇脚的乡亲,坐过挑担的货郎,坐过上京赶考的秀才 。而在廊桥的简介牌上,我们还看到,70年前,中国工农红军曾经从这里经过。
(选自www.lisshi.gov.cn)
Section B English to Chinese
In reality,love probably goes on with breaks and interruptions.First,it is difficult to suppose that one can experience anything continuously.Sleep interrupts wakefulness,and sleep itself is interrupted by dreams and nightmares.The feeling one has for his lover during wakefulness may be blotted out or intensified by sleep.In either case,the feeling changes.When one is awake,he cannot fix his eyes or his attention constantly on a single object.He must blink,if nothing else.More likely he will look to something else for variety or from necessity.His mind may turn to the stock market or he may become fascinated by the operation of pile driver on his wayto work.His focus for much of his dayis on work.As he closes the door to his office,his thoughts may turn to his love,but sitting at his desk,his eyes fix on the print and figures there.He may fall out of love and into his work,or he may catch the faint perfume of his secretary.
(Excerpted fromLove)
Test Three
Section A Chinese to English
按照北京的老规矩,过农历的新年(春节),差不多在腊月的初旬就开头了。“腊七腊八,冻死寒鸦。”这是一年里最冷的时候。可是,到了严冬,不久便是春天,所以人们并不因为寒冷而减少过年与迎春的热情。在腊八那天,人家里,寺观里,都熬腊八粥。这种特制的粥是祭祖祭神的。可是细一想,它倒是农业社会的一种自傲的表现——这种粥是用所有的各种的米,各种的豆,与各种的干果熬成的。这不是粥,而是小型的农业展览会。
(选自《北京的春节》,作者老舍)
Section B English to Chinese
Much of the discussion of environmental problems in the popular press leaves the reader with the impression that matters have been growing steadily worse,and that pollution is largely aproduct of the profit system and modern industrialization.There are environmental problems today that are both enormous and pressing,but in fact pollution is nothing new.Medieval cities were pestholes—the streets and rivers were littered with garbage and the air stank of rotting wastes.At the beginning of the eighteenth century,a German traveler reported that to get a view of London from the tower of St.Paul’s,one had to get there very early in the morning“before the air was full of coal smoke”.
Since 1960there has been progress in solving some pollution problems,much of it the result of concerted efforts to protect the environment.The quality of the air in most Canadian cities has improved.
Test Four
Section A Chinese to English
夜很静,月亮晕化了一切,城北低洼带的居民区里,溶溶地,看不见了街面,墙角;房顶浮着,是无数的三角和斜面。伴着一盏孤独的路灯,黑黝黝地歪着一幢木楼:已经是百二十年物了吧,油漆全然剥落,檐角差不多也腐烂了;透着门窗,隐隐地有了一丝儿亮光,一种单调的,似乎又有了些节奏的声音就飘了出来,一会儿高了,一会儿低了,先是那么刺耳,细细听下去,又淡淡地有了那么一点儿音韵呢。夜凉凉的,显得更深沉了。
(选自《晚唱》,作者贾平凹)
Section B English to Chinese
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations we can ever come to.It liberates time:now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness.It liberates money:buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless.And it liberates us from envy:we now understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
The moment we understand that fun does not bring happiness,we begin to lead our lives differently.The effect can be,quite literally,life transforming.
(Excerpted fromThe Secret of True Happiness)
Test Five
Section A Chinese to English
一样怀旧,由不同的作者写来,就有兴趣,大都有一个城市的特殊情调,或是浓厚的乡土气息。即使是连糯米或红枣都没有的穷乡僻壤,要用代用品,不见得怎么好吃,而由于怀乡症与童年的回忆,自称馋涎欲滴。这些代用品都是史料。此外就是美食家的回忆录,记载的名菜小吃不但眼前已经吃不到了,就有也走了样,就连大陆上当地大概也绝迹了,当然更是史料。不过给一般读者看,盛筵难再,不免有画饼充饥 之感,尤其是身在海外的人 。我们中国人享惯口福,除了本土都是中国人的灾区,赤地千里。——当然也不必惨到这样。西谚有云:“二鸟在林中不如一鸟在手。”先谈树丛中啁啾的二鸟,虽然惊鸿一瞥,已经消逝了。
(选自《谈吃与画饼充饥》,作者张爱玲)
Section B English to Chinese
I never managed to see the point of living with a man and cooking his meals in return for housekeeping money:the secret was never revealed,the door into the garden never opened.I would gaze at other couples and wonder if they knew what they were doing,whether I alone was shut out and excluded from joy.I was an impossible wife.My only conjugal virtue was an extreme enthusiasm for my husband’s work,which I quickly realized I did not understand at all.Unfortunately Maleom’s chief conjugal virtue was an acute consciousness of the fact that his work excluded me.I could not complain,but he was so sensitive about his constant desertions that he imagined I did;he made numerous cracks about my miserable jealousy and my constant nagging.
(Excerpted fromThe Water fall,By Margaret Drabble)
Test Six
Section A Chinese to English
当今世界,国际局势总体上趋向缓和,但各种因素引发的冲突甚至局部战争此起彼伏,一些地区的紧张态势依然存在,妨碍了有关国家和地区的经济发展,也对世界经济产生了不利影响。一切负责任的政治家和政府,都应该遵守《联合国宪章》的宗旨和公认的国际关系基本准则,为实现普遍、持久、全面的和平而努力,而不能违背各国人民的利益去人为地挑起紧张态势,甚至制造武力冲突。
Section B English to Chinese
Chocolate comes from the fruit of the cocoa tree,and starts as a pod,containing lots of small fleshy white fruit in rows.The cocoa bean is essentially the seed germ of the fruit and looks rather like a lychee seed:small,brown,shiny and about the size and shape of an almond.
The tree has the unusual habit of bearing its flowers and subsequently its pods directly on the main trunk as well as on the branches.The cocoa tree is also remarkable in that,at almost any time of the year,a close look will reveal thousands of small waxy white flowers.These blossoms are extravagant and up to fifty or even a hundred thousand can be produced by a mature treein a single year.Sadly the flowers have no discernible fragrance.At the same time pods of all sizes and colours and in varying degrees of ripeness can be observed.
(Excerpted fromChocolate:The Food of the God,by Chantal Coady)
Test Seven
Section A Chinese to English
“人们的生活越来越富裕,但却远不如以前那样快乐了”,这个现象似乎早已成为现代生活永恒的矛盾之一。一个可能的答案就潜藏在我们的心理因素中,即如何才能够满足。我们对于地位、财富的需求上限从来都不是孤立定位的,而是在与参照组——通常是那些我们自认为与其地位相当的人——比较之后得出的。我们无法孤立地对现今所拥 有的一切心存感激,我们也无法铭记自己在历史进程中所取得的成功。只有当我们所拥有的和我们共同成长的朋友、一起工作的同事一样多甚至更多的时候,我们才会感觉到幸福。
Section B English to Chinese
Two thirds of all new cases of HIV are now occurring in Africa,where 9million children will be orphaned in the 1990sand where recent gains in child survival are being reversed.In Zimbabwe,for example,AIDS has already become the biggest single killer of the nation’s under-fives.
But the situation in some countries in Asia is giving almost as much cause for concern.Thailand reports that 1adult in 50is infected with HIV,and a study by Mahidol University suggests that the country’s under-five mortality rate will rise by 10%before the end of the century.
Test Eight
Section A Chinese to English
自从新加坡放宽到中国旅游探亲的限制后,新加坡掀起了到中国旅游的热潮。新加坡不少旅行社刊登大幅广告,组织前往中国的旅游团。新加坡报纸还为此出版中国旅游特辑,介绍中国各地的旅游景点和名胜古迹。据初步统计,举行中国之游的旅行社,大小多达30家。
新加坡《联合早报》不久前刊登中国旅游特辑,图文并茂地详细介绍了北京的万里长城,南京的石头城、明孝陵、紫金山,西安的半坡村,四川的峨眉山,安徽的黄山等旅游胜地。
Section B English to Chinese
It would seem that happiness is something to do with simplicity, and that it is the ability to extract pleasure from the simplest things—such as a peach stone,for instance.
It is obvious that it is nothing to do with success.For Sir Henry Stewart was certainly successful.It is twenty years since he came to our village from London,and bought a couple of old cottages,which he had knocked into one.He used his house as a weekend refuge.He was a barrister.And the village followed his brilliant career with something almost amounting to paternal pride.
I remember some ten years ago when he was made a King’s Counsel,Amos and I,seeing him get off the London train,went to congratulate him.We grinned with pleasure;he merely looked as miserable as though he’d received a penal sentence.It was the same when he was knighted;he never smiled a bit,he didn’t even bother to celebrate with a round of drinks at the“Blue Fox”.He took his success as a child does his medicine.
(选自《蓝狐狸》,作者罗纳德·邓肯)
Test Nine
Section A Chinese to English
这,也许特殊了一点,常人不容易理解,那么,你看见过笋的成长吗?你看见过被压在瓦砾和石块下面的一颗小草的生长吗?它为着向往阳光,为着达成它的生之意志,不管上面的石块如何重,石块与石块之间如何狭,它必定要曲曲折折地,但是顽强不屈地透到地面上来,它的根往土壤钻,它的芽往地面挺,这是一种不可抗的力,阻止它的石块,结果也被它推翻,一粒种子的力量的大,如此如此。
(选自《野草》,作者夏衍)
Section B English to Chinese
I have never had much patience with the writers who claim from the reader an effort to understand their meaning.You have only to go to the great philosophers to see that it is possible to express with lucidity the most subtle reflections.You may find it difficult to understand the thought of Hume,and if you have no philosophical training its implications will doubtless escape you;but no one with any education at all can fail to understand exactly what the meaningof each sentence is.Few people have written English with more grace than Berke1ey.There are two sorts of obscurity that you find in writers.One is due to negligence and the other to willfulness.People often write obscurely because they have never taken the trouble to learn to write clearly.This sort of obscurity you find too often in modern philosophers,in men of science,and even in literarycritics.Here it is indeed strange.You would have thought that men who passed their lives in the study of the great masters of literature would be sufficiently sensitive to the beauty of language to write if not beautifully at least with perspicuity.Yet you will find in their works sentence after sentence that you must read twice to discover the sense.Often you can only guess at it,for the writers have evidently not said what they intended.
Test Ten
Section A Chinese to English
胡同文化是一种封闭的文化。住在胡同里的居民大都安土重迁,不大愿意搬家。有在一个胡同里一住住几十年的,甚至有住了几辈子的。胡同里的房屋大都很旧了,“地根儿”房子就不太好,旧房檩,断砖墙。下雨天常是外面大下,屋里小下。一到下大雨,总可以听到房塌的声音,那是胡同里的房子。但是他们舍不得“挪窝儿”,——“破家值万贯”。
(选自《胡同文化》,作者汪曾祺
Section B English to Chinese
Books are to mankind what memory is to the individual.They contain the history of our race,the discoveries we have made,the accumulated knowledge and experience of ages;they picture for us the marvels and beauties of nature,help us in our difficulties,comfort us in sorrow and in suffering,change hours of weariness into moments of delight,store our minds with ideas,fill them with good and happy thoughts,and lift us out of and above ourselves.
When we read we may not only be kings and live in palaces,but,what is far better,we may transport ourselves to the mountains or the seashore,and visit the most beautiful parts of the earth,without fatigue,inconvenience,expense.Precious and priceless are the blessings,which the books scatter around our daily paths.We walk,in imagination,with the noblest spirits,through the most sublime and enchanting regions.
(Excerpted fromThe Delights of Books)
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