细节题专项练习及答案详解

第三节　细节题专项练习及答案详解

（1）

The media can impact current events.As a graduate student at Berkeley in the 1960s，I remember experiencing the events related to the People’s Park that were occurring on campus.Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV.I found it interesting to compare my impressions of what was going on with perceptions obtained from the news media.I could begin to see events of that time feed on news coverage.This also provided me with some healthy insights into the distinctions between these realities.（1999年第三篇）

Question：

All the following statements are true EXCEPT that＿＿＿＿.

A.all the events occurring on the university campus at Berkeley were given national media coverage

B.video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake gave the viewers the impression of total disaster

C.electronic media can extend one’s contact with the world

D.those living far away from a certain event can also have some perception of realities by watching television

（2）

Although the threat of global warming known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem，we also know that the effects of measures，especially harsh measures taken in some countries，would be mollified（抵消）if other countries do not control their emissions.Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO₂，in the atmosphere，this path is not feasible for several reasons.Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy.Important and populous low-or-medium income countries are not willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.In addition，the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.（1999年第四篇）

Question：

The reason why it is difficult to get rid of the threat of global warming is that＿＿＿.

A.not all the countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissions

B.many people welcome the global-warming effects a warmer summer

C.the leaders of many countries are not fully aware of the gravity of the problem

D.world technology is not able to solve the problem

（3）

The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning.On the other hand，its definition is difficult for many people.The meaning of the term is confused，but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives.Just to make the explanation as simple as possible，suppose science is defined as classified knowledge（facts）.（1999年第五篇）

Question：

To define science we may simply call it＿＿＿＿.

A.the study of unrelated fields

B.classified knowledge

C.the study of unrelated subjects

D.an attempt to explain natural phenomena

（4）

Nuclear power’s danger to health，safety，and even life itself can be summed up in one word：radiation.

Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it，partly because it cannot be detected by human senses.It can’t be seen or heard，or touched or tasted，even though it may be all around us.There are other things like that.For example，radio waves are all around us but we can’t detect them，sense them，without a radio receiver.Similarly，we can’t sense radio activity without a radiation detector.But unlike common radio waves，nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.

At very high levels，radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in vital organs.But even the lowest levels can do serious damage.There is no level of radiation that is completely safe.If the radiation does not hit anything important，the damage may not be significant.This is the case when only.A few cells are hit.And if they are killed outright，your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones.But if the few cells are only damaged，and if they reproduce themselves，you may be in trouble.They reproduce themselves in a deformed way.They can grow into cancer.Sometimes this does not show up for many years.（1998年第一篇）

Questions：

1.According to the passage，the danger of nuclear power lies in＿＿＿＿.

A.nuclear mystery B.radiation detection

C.radiation level D.nuclear radiation

2.Radiation can cause serious consequences at the lowest level＿＿＿＿.

A.when it kills few cells

B.if it damages the few cells

C.though the damaged cells can repair themselves

D.unless the damaged cells can reproduce themselves

（5）

In some ways，the United States has made spectacular progress.Fires no longer destroy 18，000 buildings as they did in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871.Or kill half a town of 2，400 people，as they did the same night in Peshtigo，Wisconsin.Other than the Beverly Hill Supper Club fire in Kentucky in 1977，it has been four decades since more than 100 Americans died in a fire.

But even with such successes，the United States still has one of the worst fire death rates in the world.Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology，but the indifference of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough.（1998年第二篇）

Question：

The reason why so many Americans die in fires is that＿＿＿＿.

A.they took no interest in new technology

B.they did not attach great importance to preventing fires

C.they showed indifference to fighting fires

D.they did not spend enough money on fire facilities

（6）

There are hidden factors which scientists call“feedback mechanisms”.No one knows how they will interact with the changing climate.Here’s one example：plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries.At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade，vegetation（植物）may not keep up.Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometers a year—faster than trees can naturally migrate.Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die.The 1，000-kilometre wide strip of forest running through Canada，the US.SR and Scandinavia could be cut by half.Millions of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires，releasing tons of CO₂ and further boosting global warming.（1998年第三篇）

Question：

James Hansen predicts that the shift of climate zones will be accompanied by_______.

A.the cutting of many trees

B.desirable environmental changes

C.successful migration of species

D.unsuccessful migration of trees

（7）

Learning disabilities are very common.They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children.Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.

Since about 1970，new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better.Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are mused by many different things.There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.

You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability.There is no outward sign of the disorder.So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.

In one study，researchers examined the brain of the learning-disabled person who had died in an accident.They found two unusual things.One involved cells in the left side of the brain，which control language.These cells normally are white.In the learning-disabled person，however，these cells were gray.The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been.The nerve cells were mixed together.

The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind，an early expert on learning disabilities.Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain.He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally.Probably，he said，nerve cells there did not connect as they should.So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.

Other researchers did not examine brain tissue.Instead，they measured the brain’s electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.

Frank Dully experimented with this technique at Children’s Hospital Medical Center in Boston.Doctor Dully found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems.The differences appeared throughout the brain.Doctor Dully said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain，not just the left side.（1998年第四篇）

Questions：

1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage？

A.Learning disabilities may result from the unknown area of the brain.

B.Learning disabilities may result from a damage to a wide area of the brain.

C.Learning disabilities may result from abnormal organization of brain cells.

D.Learning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the brain.

2.All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that＿＿＿＿.

A.many factors account for learning disorder

B.a learning-disabled person shows no outward signs

C.reading disabilities are a common problem that affects 10 percent of the population

D.the brain activity of learning-disabled children is different from that of normal children

3.Doctor Duffy believed that＿＿＿＿.

A.he found the exact cause of learning disabilities

B.the problem of learning disabilities was not limited to the left side of the brain

C.the problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left side of the brain

D.the problem of learning disabilities did not lie in the left side of the brain

（8）

In the USA，85% of the population over the age of 21 approve of the death penalty.In the many states which still have the death penalty，some use the electrical chair，which can take up to 20 minutes to kill，while others use gas or lethal injection.

The first of these was the case of Ruth Ellis who was hanged for shooting her lover in what was generally regarded as a crime of passion.The second was hanged for murders which，it was later proved，had been committed by someone else.

The pro-hanging lobby uses four main arguments to support its call for the reintroduction of capital punishment.First，there is the deterrence theory，which argues that the potential murderers would think twice before committing the act if they knew that they might die if they were caught.The armed bank robber might，go back to being unarmed.

The other two arguments are more suspect.The idea of retribution demands that criminals should get what they deserve：if a murderer intentionally set out to commit a crime，he should accept the consequences.Retribution，which is just another word for revenge，is supported by the religious doctrine of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.（1997年第一篇）

Question：

According to the first four paragraphs，which of the following statements is NOT correct？

A.The death penalty may help the potential murders to arouse moral awareness.

B.Ruth Ellis was shot by her lover，which was regarded as a crime of passion.

C.The intentional murder should eat his own bitter fruit.

D.According to the religious doctrine，punishment should serve as the injury suffered.

（9）

With the Switzerland-based World Wildlife Fund（WWF），China is making a concerted and dedicated efforts to save the endangered pandas.The results，officials here in Chengdu indicate，are mixed but encouraging.

A clear disappointment is the failure to breed pandas in captivity，necessary if their decreasing numbers are to be replaced.Another failure has been the incapability to find a natural，readily available food to replace the arrow bamboo.

Despite these failures，success has come on two fronts.One achievement has been the physical rescue effort.Some pandas have been kept alive by salting（空投）the mountains with tons of cooked meat，which pandas will eat as a substitute for bamboo，and by the planting of new bamboo in isolated areas.Animals in some Sichuan areas have been rescued by local peasants and given emergency treat mentby animal doctors.

A second achievement is a massive fund-raising effort.Publicity about the pandas’plight has resulted in a new$100，000 emergency allocation by the WWF and independent fund drives both in a China and abroad.（1997年第三篇）

Questions：

1.Efforts to save the endangered pandas＿＿＿＿.

A.have failed completely

B.have proven highly successful

C.have met with setbacks but brought hope

D.have received no response from the scientists

2.All of the following help prevent the decline of the panda population EXCEPT＿＿＿＿.

A.the reproduction of panda offspring during captivity

B.the large-scale fund-raising drives

C.the rescue of the injured and the sick

D.the cultivation of new bamboo forests

（10）

Revenge is one of those things that everyone enjoys.People don’t like to talk about it，though.Just the same，there is nothing more satisfying or more rewarding than revenge.The purpose is not to harm your victims but to let them know that you are upset about something that they are doing to you.Careful plotting can provide you with relief from bothersome coworkers，gossiping friends，or nagging family members.

Coworkers who make comments about the fact that you are always fifteen minutes late for work can be taken care of very simply.All you have to do is get up extra early one day.Before the sun comes up，drive to each coworker’s house.Reach under the hood of your coworker’s car and disconnect the center wire that leads to the distributor cap，the car will be unharmed，but it will not start，and your friends at work will all be late for work on the same day.If you’re lucky，your boss might notice that you are the only one there and will give you a raise.

Gossiping friends at school are also perfect targets for a simple act of revenge.A way to trap either male or female friends is to leave phony messages on their lockers.If the friend that you want to get is male，leave a message that a certain girl would like him to stop by her house later that day.With any luck，her boyfriend will be there.The girl won’t know what’s going on，and the victim will be so embarrassed that he probably won’t leave his home for a month.

When Mom and Dad and your sisters and brothers really begin to annoy you，harmless revenge may be just the way to make them quiet down for awhile.The dinner table is a likely place.Just before the meal begins，throw a handful of raisins into the food.Wait about five minutes and，after everyone has begun to eat，cover your mouth with your hand and begin to make odd noises.When they ask you what the matter is，point to a raisin and yell，“Bugs！”.They’ll dump their food in the disposal，jump into the car，and head for McDonald’s.That night，you’ll have your first quiet，peaceful meal in a long time.

A well-planned revenge does not have to hurt anyone.The object is simply to let other people know that they are beginning to bother you.（1997年第四篇）

Questions：

1.According to the passage，a harmless revenge is＿＿＿＿.

A.to amuse the victim

B.to react to those who bother you

C.to prevent one from disturbing others

D.to hurt nobody emotionally

2.As a harmless revenge，you might come first and get a raise by＿＿＿＿.

A.making your colleagues come late

B.getting up earlier than your colleagues

C.destroying your colleagues’cars

D.pleasing your boss

3.The family members dumped their food in the disposal because＿＿＿＿.

A.they thought their food had been spoiled

B.they wanted to eat out

C.they wanted to have a peaceful meal

D.they didn’t like the food with raisins

答案及解析：

（1）

A.细节题中的排除题题型，可套用公式正确答案≠原文中某一句话的表达。正确答案是A选项，它与原文第三句话的意思不符。

（2）

A.原因细节题。可套用公式正确答案+题干中心词≈原文中含有题干中心词的一句话。根据题干中心词“get rid of the threat of global warming”找到原文第一句话，答案即是该句的后半句。而且该段的第四句话更明确给出了原因，所以正确答案是A选项。

（3）

B.细节题。公式同上，根据题干的关键词“To define science”找到其在原文中的出处：本段最后一句“suppose science is defined as classified knowledge（facts）”，然后去掉关键词，剩余的便是正确答案B。

（4）

1.D.细节题。公式同上，根据题干的关键词“the danger of nuclear power”找到其在原文中的出处；文章首句去掉该关键词，所剩的便是正确答案D。

2.B.细节题。公式同上，题干中的关键词“Radiation can cause serious consequences”是对原文第三段最后几句话“you may be in trouble.They reproduce themselves in a deformed way.They can grow into cancer”的概括。至此不难发现导致这一后果的起因应是正确答案B选项。

（5）

B.细节题。正确答案+题干中心词≈原文中含有题干中心词的一句话。根据题干关键词so many Americans die in fires找到原文第二段第一句与之相对应的表达：“the United States still has one of the worst fire death rates in the world.”本题要找的原因就出现在该句之后：the problem is neither money nor technology，but the indifference of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough.此句指出其根本原因是人们对火灾不重视的冷漠态度。因此，B是正确答案。

（6）

D.细节题。公式同上，根据题干中有提示作用的人名James Hansen可以在原文找到该题干的出处。通过精简长句可以将第五句简化为：climate zones will shift toward the poles faster than trees can naturally migrate，然后去掉题干中出现的部分，所剩的faster than trees can naturally migrate就是正确答案，答案选项中与之相似的选项就是D。

（7）

1.A.细节题。可用排除法做题。B选项是原文全文最后一句同义的表达；C选项是原文第二段最后一句的同义表达；D选项是第四段第二句的同义表达。因此，只有A选项是文中未提到过的内容。

2.C.细节题中的NOT TRUE或EXCEPT题型，可套用公式正确答案≠原文中某一句话的表达。C选项与原文中第一段第二句“They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children.”表达不符。

3.B.细节题。可套用公式正确答案+题干中心词≈原文中含有题干中心词的一句话。可根据题干中非常有提示作用的人名Doctor Duffy在全文最后一句找到答案。

（8）

B.细节题中的NOT TRUE或EXCEPT题型，可套用公式正确答案≠原文中某一句话的表达。B选项与原文中第二段第一句“The first of these was the case of Ruth Ellis who was hanged for shooting her lover in what was generally regarded as a crime of passion.”表达不符。

（9）

1.C.细节题。可套用公式正确答案+题干中心词≈原文中含有题干中心词的一句话。根据题干关键词“Efforts to save the endangered pandas”找到其在原文中的出处——全文第一句。但该句只是题干的相似表达，不含有任何答案信息，而真正的答案在其后面“The results，officials here in Chengdu indicate，are mixed but encouraging.”这句话中。根据这句话中的两个关键词mixed和encouraging来找答案选项中的相似表达即可，因此C选项是正确答案。

2.A.细节题中的排除题题型，可套用公式正确答案≠原文中某一句话的表达。A选项与原文中第二段第一句“A clear disappointment is the failure to breed pandas in captivity”表达不符。由此可知人工繁殖大熊猫未取得成功。

（10）

1.B.细节题。可套用公式正确答案+题干中心词≈原文中含有题干中心词的一句话。题干关键词a harmless revenge对应的是原文第一段第三句“The purpose is not to harm your victims but to let them know that you are upset about something that they are doing to you”中的“The purpose is not to harm your victims”，而根据该句剩余部分便可找出答案选项中与之相对应的正确答案B。或者也可以从文章最后一句找到答案。

2.A.细节题。可套用公式正确答案+题干中心词≈原文中含有题干中心词的一句话。根据题干关键词come first and get a raise找到原文中的出处——第二段最后一句话。而该题所要的答案就是这句话的前一句：Reach under the hood of your coworker’s car and disconnect the center wire that leads to the distributor cap，the car will be unharmed，but it will not start，and your friends at work will all be late for work on the same day。据此不难发现，A选项与这句话意思最为相近，因此A是正确答案。

3.A.原因细节题。根据题干的关键词“dumped their food in the disposal”找到它在原文中的出处——第四段倒数第二句话。该题所问的原因就是这句话之前的“When they ask you what the matter is，point to a raisin and yell，‘Bugs！’”。Bug是“小虫、臭虫”的意思。