第四节细节题综合练习

第四节细节题综合练习

（1）

Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different response from everyman who hears these words.Some feel pride when they receive the news，while others worry，wondering whether they will be good father.Although there are some men who like children and may have considerable experience with them，others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them.Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time.For other couples，pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.

1.According to the author，being a father＿＿＿＿.

A.brings a feeling of excitement to some men

B.has a different meaning for those who have daughters

C.make some men feel proud and others uneasy

D.means nothing but more responsibilities

（2）

That’s a good thing，because even prodigies must work hard.Next to hard work，biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy.J.S.Bach，for example，was the top of several generations of musicians，and four of his sons had significant careers in music.

2.Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigies according to the passage？

A.A natural gift.　　　　 B.Extensive knowledge of music.

C.Very early training.　　D.A prejudice- free society.

（3）

Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chester town，Maryland，decided to find out whether，as many smokers say，smoking helps them to“think and concentrate”.Spilich put young non-smokers，active smokers and smokers deprived of cigarettes through a series of tests.

3.The purpose of George Spilich’s experiments is＿＿＿＿.

A.to testwhether smoking has a positive effecton themental capacity of smokers

B.to show how smoking damages people’s mental capacity

C.to prove that smoking affects people’s regular performance

D.to find out whether smoking helps people’s short-term memory

（4）

Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult，and it gets easier all the time as programs become more“user-friendly”.Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen.What does the phrase“learning to use a computer”mean？It sounds like“learning to drive a car”，that is，it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that，once acquired，enable one to use a computer.

4.Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because＿＿＿＿.

A.programs are becoming less complicated

B.programs are designed to be convenient to users

C.programming is becoming easier and easier

D.programs are becoming readily available to computer users

（5）

It’s very interesting to note where the debate about diversity（多样化）is taking place.It is taking place primarily in political circles.Here at the College Fund，we have a lot of contact with top corporate（公司的）leaders；none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity.In fact，they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place，diversity is an imperative.They also say that the need for talented，skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees.And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting，corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities，more women and more immigrants.Corporate leaders know that if that doesn’t occur in our society，they will not have the engineers，the scientists，the lawyers，or the business managers they will need.

5.High corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to＿＿＿＿.

A.lower the rate of unemployment

B.win equal political rights forminorities

C.be competitive in the world market

D.satisfy the demands of a growing population

（6）

The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched（草盖的）roof cottages around a church；a drive through a narrow village street lined with thatched cottages painted pink or white；the sight over the rolling hills of a pretty collection of thatched farm buildings—these are still common sights in parts of England.Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside.

6.Which of the following remains a unique feature of the English countryside？

A.Narrow streets lined with pink or white houses.

B.Rolling hills with pretty farm buildings.

C.Cottages with thatched roofs.

D.Churches with cottages around them.

（7）

Thatching is a solitary（独自的）craft，which often runs in families.The craft of thatching as it is practiced today has changed very little since the Middle Ages.Over 800 full time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today，maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses.Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter.

7.What do we know about thatching as a craft？

A.It is a collective activity.

B.It is practised on farms all over England.

C.It is quite different from what it used to be.

D.It is in most cases handed down among family members.

（8）

A contrast is often made between business，which is competitive，and government，which is a monopoly.Because business is competitive，many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government，even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not.Many Americans believe，then，that competition is as important，or even more important，that democracy in preserving freedom.

8.Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by＿＿＿＿.

A.its absolute control of power

B.its function in preserving personal freedom

C.its role in protecting basic American values

D.its democratic way of exercising leadership

（9）

Brazil has become one of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth—but more by accident than design.While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates，Brazil has had better result without really trying，says George Martine at Harvard.

Brazil’s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990，and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average.Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990，an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.

9.According to the passage，many Third World countries＿＿＿＿.

A.haven’t attached much importance to birth control

B.would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rate

C.haven’t yet found an effective measure to control their population

D.neglected the role of TV plays in family planning

（10）

Long after the 1998 World Cup was won，disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team.A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.

The researcher organized an experimental tournament involving four youth teams.Each match lasted an hour，divided into three periods of 20minutes during which different referees were in charge.

Observers noted down the referees’errors，of which there were 61 over the tournament.Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes，each referee made almost 23 mistakes，a remarkably high number.

10.The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was________.

A.slightly above average

B.higher than in the 1998World Cup

C.quite unexpected

D.as high as in a standard match

答案和详解

1.C.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话。题干关键词“being a father”是原文第一句中的“Fatherhood”的同义表达，据此可以判断本题在原文中的出处——该段第一句。根据该句可知：不同的人听到要当父亲这一消息时会有不同的反应。而该段第二句“Some feel pride when they receive the news，while others worry，wondering whether they will be good father”是对这一句的具体解释，也正是答案所在。据此可在答案选项中寻找相似的表达，因此可知，正确答案C选项表达了两种不同的反应：一些人觉得自豪，另一些人有所担忧。proud是原文中pride的形容词形式；uneasy是原文中worry的近义表达。

2.A.细节题。公式同第1题。根据题干关键词“the emergence of musical prodigies”可以迅速找到本题在原文中的出处：该段第二句“Next to hard work，biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy”.去掉和题干关键词意思相同的the making of a prodigy后，这句所剩的部分便是答案所在。据此可以在答案选项中寻找相似的表达。正确答案A选项“A natural gift”（天赋）与原句中的“biological inheritance”（生理遗传）同义。此外，还应清楚题干中出现的“contribute to”和原句中的“play an important role in”都表示“对……有影响”的意思，要及时积累这种常见的同义表达。

3.A.细节题。公式同第1题。根据题干中非常有提示作用的人名“George Spilich”可以迅速找到本题在原文中的出处：该段第一句：Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chester town，Maryland，decided to find out whether，as many smokers say，smoking helps them to“think and concentrate.”这句话的主语部分很长，但都是对实验者的介绍，与答案无关，谓语decided to find out之后的部分才是答案所在。分析这部分可知：实验者是想证实一下吸烟是否像吸烟者所说的那样可以帮助他们增强思维能力和集中注意力，所以A选项是正确答案。

4.B.细节题。公式同第1题。根据题干可以找到本题在原文中的出处——该段第一句Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult，and it gets easier all the time as programs become more“user-friendly”.去掉和题干表达相同的部分后所剩的as programs become more“user-friendly”就是答案所在，as表示原因。所谓计算机对用户很友好就意味着用户使用起计算机来觉得很方便，因此，B是正确答案。

5.C.细节题。公式同第1题。根据题干中最有提示作用的主语“High corporate leaders”可以找到它在原文中的同义词“top corporate（公司的）leaders”。原文中该词之后的“none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity”表达了与题干相同的含义：他们中没有人会排除可以带来多样性（diversity）的设备，即他们是赞成促进多样性的。真正的答案出现在该段第四句“if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place，diversity is an imperative”.由此可见：他们促进多样性的目的是在国际市场上变得有竞争力。因此，C选项是正确答案。competitive是原句中的compete的同根形容词；global和world是同义词。

6.C.细节题。公式同第1题。题干中带有国名的“the English countryside”应该是最有提示意义的部分，据此可以找到本题在原文中的出处——第一段最后一句“Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside”.这句中的“an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside”是题干的相似表达，意思是：英国乡村风景是吸引游人的关键因素。因此，这句话中的“thatched roof”（茅草屋顶）就是英国乡村风景的独特之处。答案选项中只有C选项涉及了这一特色，所以C是正确答案。

7.D.细节题。公式同第1题。根据题干关键词“thatching as a craft”可以迅速找到本题在原文中的出处：第三段第一句“Thatching is a solitary（孤立性的）craft，which often runs in families”.去掉和题干相同部分后，该句所剩的定语从句就是答案D。

8.A.细节题。公式同第1题。本题的关键是理解题干关键词“Government is believed to differ strikingly from business”所表达的含义是：政府和企业的截然不同。在此基础上可以找到本题在原文中的出处——该段第一句“A contrast is often made between business，which is competitive，and government，which is a monopoly”.在这句话中，contrast一词对比了政府和企业的不同，而定语从句“which is a monopoly”则表达了政府做法的特征：集权性。因此，不难判断A是正确答案。

9.C.细节题。公式同第1题。根据题干中最有提示作用的大写的专有名词“Third World countries”可以迅速找到本题在原文中的出处——第二段最后一句“Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990，an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries”.正确理解这句话是答题的关键。根据原文可知巴西人口增长的速度逐年降低，这是让很多第三世界国家嫉妒的成就。根据常识可推断巴西以外的好多第三世界国家在控制人口增长方面做得不够理想。由此可见C是最贴切的选项。

10.C.细节题。公式同第1题。根据题干的关键词“refereeing errors”可以找到本题在原文中的出处——第三段第一句。但是，这句话只给出了一个具体的数字，不足以作为答题的依据。因此，再往后看就会发现接下来的这句“Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes，each referee made almost 23 mistakes，a remarkably high number”是对前一句的补充解释。去掉具体数字后所剩的概括评论“a remarkably high number”就是答案所在。remarkably一词用在此处旨在表明这个数字出人意料，因此C是正确答案。