第二节 推断题阅读公式
推断题是阅读理解所有题目中难度最大的，也是答错率最高的一种题型。究其原因，是这种题型很难从文章中直接找到答案。通常必须找准推断的依据，然后在此前提下，进行合理的推断。考生在掌握了本章第一节介绍的推断的基本技巧后，可利用下面介绍的不同推断题的做题公式来攻破这类难题。
一、归纳推断题阅读公式
归纳推断题是推断题中较为容易的一种题型，就是要通过对具体事例或具体描述的分析来概括出它们之间的共同之处。常见的此类题目的提问方式通常是：
What can be concluded from...？
What can be learned from...？
It can be learned from...that＿＿＿.
It can be inferred from...that＿＿＿.
例1：
Wolong is but one example of this difficulty.This 494，000-acre preserve was declared a protected area in 1975.Yet 1，800 people，mostly Tibetans，still live in the preserve，logging trucks still roll down the narrow mountain roads，and blasting work still goes on at the site of a new 160，000-kilowatt hydroelectric plant just six miles away.（1997年第三篇）
Question：
Which of the following threatens the pandas’survival in the Wolong preserve？
A.Local population.
B.Economic development.
C.Unfavorable environment.
D.All of the above.
正确答案是D选项。这是归纳推断题的一种变换的问法。根据题干中非常有提示意义的地名Wolong可迅速在原文中找到其出处。仔细阅读后可以发现该段第二句话给了三方面的信息：根据“Yet 1，800 people，mostly Tibetans，still live in the preserve”可以归纳出A选项所举的当地人口的问题；根据“logging trucks still roll down the narrow mountain roads，and blasting work still goes on”可以归纳出B选项所举的经济发展方面的问题；根据“a new 160，000-kilowatt hydroelectric plant just six miles away”可以归纳出C选项所举的环境不利的问题。因此，最完整的答案应该是D选项。
例2：
In 1992，many people watched in horror as riots broke out on a sad Wednesday evening in Los Angeles，seemingly fed by video coverage from helicopters.This event was triggered by the verdict（裁定）in the Rodney King beating.We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own judgments，and most people，who had seen the video of this beating，could not understand how the jury（陪审团）was able to acquit（宣布……无罪）the policemen involved.Media coverage of events as they occur also provides powerful feedback that influences events.This can have harmful results，as it seemed on that Wednesday night in Los Angeles.By Friday night the public got to see Rodney King on television pleading，“Can we all get along？”By Saturday，television seemed to provide positive feedback as the Los Angeles riot turned out into a rally for peace.The television showed thousands of people marching with banners and cleaning tools.Because of that，many more people turned out to join the peaceful event they saw unfolding（展开）on television.The real healing，of course，will take much longer，but electronic media will continue to be a part of that process.（1999年第3篇）
Question：
It can be inferred from the passage that＿＿＿.
A.media coverage of events as they occur can have either good or bad results
B.most people who had seen the video of the Rodney King beating agree with the verdict of the jury
C.the 1992 Los Angeles riots lasted awhole week
D.Rodney King seemed very angry when he appeared on television on Friday
上述题目问的是：从文章中能够推断出。A项即媒体对事件的现场报道可以产生好的或不良的结果；B项大多数看过殴打Rodney King录像的人同意陪审团的判决；C项1992年洛杉矶骚乱事件持续了整整一周；D项Rodney King星期五在电视采访中露面时显得很气愤。
正确答案是A项。典型的归纳推断题，必须从文章的几处细节入手才能得出答案。文章第五句指出“This（media coverage of events）can have harmful results...”（媒体对事件的报道产生了有害的结果），后面第七句又指出，“...provide positive feedback...a rally for peace”（随着洛杉矶骚乱转为一场和平集会，电视似乎产生了积极作用）。A项综合表述了这两句的内容，原文中的positive及harmful换成了A项中的good和bad，所以A项是可以从文章推断出来的正确内容，为本题的正确选项。本段前半段指出，多数看过殴打录像的人不明白，陪审团怎么会判定参与殴打的警察无罪（...could not understand how the jury was able to acquit the policemen involved），这表明他们不同意审判团的判决，所以B项是错误的。本段第一句指出骚乱发生于星期三晚上，第七句指出到星期六骚乱转变成了和平示威，整个事件何时结束没有提到，所以C项的说法不确切。本段第六句“星期五晚上，Rodney King在电视上露面，向公众恳求说，我们大家能否和平相处呢？”可见，此时他是以一种心平气和的态度，所以D项也是错误的。
二、演绎推断题阅读公式
典型的演绎推断题在历年阅读真题中并不多见，其出题的特点是题干中涉及的往往是一个具体的事例或情况，有时这个事例或情况在原文中可能并未出现，在原文中能够找到的是相对较为概括的定义或论述，考生需要据此对事例或情况作出合理的推断。
例：
Actually，two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information.One，aimed at studying curiosity，is referred to as pure science.The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes—for instance，improving health，raising standards of living，or creating new consumer products.In this case knowledge is put to economic use.Such an approach is referred to as applied science.（1999年第五篇）
Question：
A scientist interested in adding to our general knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach_________.
A.pure science B.environmental science
C.applied science D.agricultural science
本题是本考试历年阅读真题中唯一一道典型的演绎推断题。本题是由一般推断到具体。做这一题目首先要根据四个答案选项回读原文，找到相应信息的位置，然后再根据文中给出的理论科学与应用科学的定义来推断题干中的例子符合哪个定义即可。而oxygen在文中并未出现。正确答案是A项。
三、事实推断题公式
正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话
事实推断题的做题方法和细节题的做题方法大致相同，只不过细节题的正确答案就是对含有题干关键词的一句话的同义表述（paraphrase），而事实推断题的正确答案要在原句的基础上做进一步的逻辑推理。这类题目的常见提问方式有：
1．It can be inferred from...that＿＿＿.
2．It is implied/indicate in...that＿＿＿.
3．The author implies that＿＿＿.
例1：
At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997，it became abundantly clear how com plex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country.It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances.The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and development increasingly bring us to the core of the economic life of states.During the late 1980s we were able，through international agreements，to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer.These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and，more important，because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states.（1999年第四篇）
Question：
In the passage the author implies that＿＿＿.
A.the world has recently become aware of the threat of global warming
B.the problem of global warming has largely been solved
C.it is always difficult to work out international agreements to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layer
D.it is no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the environment
正确答案是D项。将它与原文的第一句相比较，不难发现两者的相似之处，原文中说由于各国追求的经济利益不同，在1997年那次关于全球变暖问题的会议上，已经看出各国很难就限制自己国家二氧化碳的排放量达成协议。再加上对本段倒数第二句的理解，可以发现以前这种协议还是能够达成的，所以D项是最合适的推断。
例2：
The other reasons to oppose the death penalty are largely a mater of individual conscience and belief.One is that murder is murder and the state has no more right to take a life than the individual.The other is Christianity advises forgiveness，not revenge.（1997年第一篇）
Question：
We can learn from the last paragraph that＿＿＿.
A.neither state nor the individual has the right to take a life
B.the state has the right to take a life but the individual does not
C.the death penalty has nothing to do with individual conscience and belief
D.the deterrence figures have added up and the execution rate has fallen
正确答案是A选项。本题主要是考查对该段第二句话的理解。其中有一较难的句型“A is no more X than B”，在第一篇语言基础中介绍过的特殊句型，意思是：A和B都不X。本题的意思就是政府和个人都无权夺走一个人的生命。A选项是和原文完全相同的表述。
四、逻辑推断题阅读公式
正确答案=根据原文可以分析得出的原因、条件、结果、行为
例1：
Although the threat of global warming known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem，we also know that the effects of measures，especially harsh measures taken in some countries，would be mollified（抵消）if other countries do not control their emissions.Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO2，in the atmosphere，this path is not feasible for several reasons.Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy.Important and populous low-or-medium income countries are not willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.In addition，the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.（1999年第四篇）
Question：
What should all countries do to help solve the problem of global warming？
A.They should hold another world conference on climate change.
B.They should provide advanced technology.
C.They should replace all the harmful substances.
D.They should willingly undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.
本段第四句话明确指出全球变暖这一问题之所以难以解决主要是因为很多国家不愿意承担控制本国能源使用的法律义务，由此可以依据逻辑推断，解决这一问题的方法必然是各国自觉承担控制本国能源使用的法律义务。因此，正确答案是D选项。
例2：
In the United States，most education dollars are spent in elementary schools.But the lessons are aimed at a too limited audience；just 9 percent of all fire deaths are caused by children playing with matches.（1998年第二篇）
Question：
It can be inferred from the passage that＿＿＿.
A.fire safety lessons should be aimed at American adults
B.American children have not received enough education of fire safety lesson C.Japan is better equipped with fire facilities than the United States
D.America’s large population accounts for high fire frequency
根据原文本段最后一句话But the lessons are aimed at a too limited audience；just 9 percent of all fire deaths are caused by children playing with matches可以推断出防火教育不应仅针对孩子，也应面向成人，因此A是正确答案。
五、作者态度推断题阅读公式
正确答案=原文主旨+表达主旨的用词
这类题型要求考生对文章作者的态度和语调作出推断。如作者对所陈述的事件、观点是赞同还是反对，对所描写的人或事物是表示赞颂、同情、冷淡还是厌恶。通常作者对所述事物的态度不直接表露出来，而是通过他所使用的语气、语调来体现。为此在回答此类问题时必须仔细阅读文章的开头，了解短文的主旨大意，并特别注意作者使用的修饰语。常见的提问方式现总结如下：
1.Which of the following statements could fully express the author’s view towards...？
2.Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude？
3.The author holds different opinions from other people in that＿＿＿.
4.What is the main purpose of the last paragraph？
5.What is the main purpose of the passage？
6.What is the author’s attitude towards...？
7.Why does the author mention...in the passage？
8.The author wrote the passage in order to.
9.The author’s main purpose in writing this article is to＿＿＿.
10.The author of the article quotes...’swords to＿＿＿.
11.Why does the author mainly emphasize about...？
12.What does the author seem to suggest about...？
13.Which of the following statements best describes the author’s view of...？
14.The tone of this article can be best described as＿＿＿.
15.The writer most likely thinks（holds，believes，insists）that.
16.Which of the following best describes the tone of the whole passage？
17.According to the passage，which of the following best characterizes the writer’s attitude towards...？
18.What is the author’s opinion（point of view）about...？
例1：
A new atomic clock being developed for navigation satellites will perform better than previous devices．The clock，which incorporates a hydrogen maser，will use a new microwave cavity design to provide a compact and light weight package，and new electronic techniques to maintain long-term stability．The clock can provide precise navigation information because it is stable to one second in three million years．The differences in the time When signals from four satellites arrive at one location can be used to calculate that position to within a few yards．
Question：
What is the primary purpose of the passage？
A.To teach a lesson.
B.To sell a product.
C.To support a theory.
D.To provide information.
这篇文章的体裁是说明文，它介绍了用在导航卫星上的一种新的原子钟所具有的种种特殊的功能，这些功能和以前的同类装置相比具有很大的优越性。由此不难看出这篇文章的主要目的是给读者提供关于这种新的原子钟的一些有用的信息。因此这道题的答案是D。
例2：
The over dependence of modern man on machines could have disastrous consequences on the future of mankind.Such a dependence leads to an excessive forfeiture of the basic reasoning faculties of thought to m ind less machines.This in turn could lead to a dehumanized society and mechanized approaches to problems and solutions.If we continue to surrender our natural intelligence to unnatural mechanical contrivances we may even ultimately lose our capacity for creative thought.
Questions：
1.What is the author’s attitude toward machines？
A.Immoral B.Indifferent C.Laudatory D.Deprecatory
2.The writer is of the opinion that＿＿＿.
A.man’s capacity for creativity may be lost
B.machines will take over the world by force
C.man’s dependence on machine will enhance his lifestyle
D.our ability to think is dependenton machine
这篇文章的主要内容是指出了人们过度依赖机器将给人类的将来带来的严重后果。如果人们仍然如此依赖机器，将来人们解决问题的所有方法都将依赖于机器，而且我们的社会将变成非人类的社会，并最终导致人类失去创造性思维的能力。由此可以看出作者对待机器的态度是批评谴责的，因此，第一题的答案是D。第二题的答案应是A。文中用黑体突出的都是具有贬义色彩的词汇和否定的表述。
例3：
Icebergs（冰山）are among nature’s most spectacular creations，and yet most people have never seen one.A vague air of mystery envelops them.They come into being somewhere in faraway，line frigid waters，amid thunderous noise and splashing turbulence，which in most eases no one hears or sees，they exist only a short time and then slowly waste away just as unnoticed.
Objects of sheerest beauty，they have been called.Appearing in an endless variety of shapes，they may be dazzlingly white，or they may be glassy blue，green，or purple，tinted faintly or in darker hues.They are graceful，stately，inspiring—in calm，sunlit seas.
Question：
The attitude of the author toward icebergs is one of＿＿＿.
A.disappointment B.humor
C.disinterest D.wonder
作者对“icebergs”的看法完全体现在他的选词上。作者先后用了spectacular（壮观的）、mystery（神秘）、sheerest beauty（绝美）、graceful（高雅）、stately（雄伟）和inspiring（令人鼓舞）等感情色彩非常强烈的词汇，故作者对冰山的看法应该是惊叹的（wonder），选项D为正确答案。
在做这类作者对某一问题的态度的题目时，应注意积累一些有关的词汇。例如：indifferent冷漠的、laudatory赞成的、agreeable同意的、deprecatory谴责的、ironical讽刺的、traditional传统的、creative有创意的、objective客观的、subjective主观的、critical批判的、favorable赞同的、prejudiced有偏见的、positive肯定的、negative否定的、humorous幽默的、neutral中立的、optimistic乐观的、pessimistic悲观的、concerned关心的、sympathetic同情的，等等。
第三节 推断题专项练习及答案详解
（1）
Because the United States is a highly active society，full of movement and change，people always seem to be on the go.In this highly charged atmosphere，Americans can sometimes seem brusque or impatient.They want to get to know you as quickly as possible and then move on to something else.Something，early on，they will ask you questions that you may feel are very personal.No insult is intended；the questions usually grow out of their genuine interest or curiosity，and their impatience to get to the heart of the matter.And the same does for you.If you do not understand certain American behavior or you want to know more about them，do not hesitate to ask them questions about themselves.Americans are usually more eager to explain all about their country or anything“American”in which you may be interested.So much so in fact that you may become tired of listening.It doesn’t matter because Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation.They would rather talk about the weather or the latest sports scores，for example，than deal with silence.
On the other hand，don’t expect Americans to be knowledgeable about international geography or world affairs，unless those subjects directly involve the United States.Because the United States is not surrounded by many other nations，some Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world.（2001年第一篇）
Question：
It can be inferred from the passage that＿＿＿.
A.Americans want to participate in all kinds of activities
B.Americans’character is affected by their social and geographical environment
C.Americans do not know how to deal with silence
D.curiosity is characteristic of Americans
（2）
With the possible exception of equal rights，perhaps the most controversial issue across the United States today is death penalty.Many argue that it is an effective deterrent（威慑）murder，while others maintain there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.
The principal argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty，basically is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment，that it is the mark of a brutal society，and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway.
In our opinion，the death penalty is a necessary evil.Throughout recorded history there have always been those extreme individuals in every society who were capable of terribly violent crimes such as murder.But some are more extreme than others.
For example，it is one thing to take the life of another is a fit of blind rage，but quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher.Thus，murder，like all other crimes，is a matter of relative degree.While is could be argued with some conviction that the criminal in the first instance should be merely isolated from society，such should not be the fate of the latter type murder.
The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to debate.But the overwhelming majority of citizens believe that the death penalty protects them.Their belief is reinforced by evidence which shows that the death penalty deters murder.For example，from 1954 to 1963，when the death penalty was consistently imposed in California，the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100，000 population.Since 1964 the death penalty has been imposed only once，and the murder rate has arisen to 10.4murders for each 100，000 population.The sharp climb in the state’s murder rate，which began when executions stopped，is no coincidence.It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many murderers.If the bill reestablishing the death penalty is vetoed（否决），innocent people will be murdered—some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect.This is literally a life or death matter.The lives of thousands of innocent people must be protected.（1999年第六篇）
Questions：
1.The principal purpose of the passage is to＿＿＿.
A.speak for the majority B.initiate a veto of death penalty
C.criticize the government D.argue for the value of the death penalty
2.The passage attempts to establish a relationship between＿＿＿.
A.the murder rate and the imposition of the death penalty
B.the effects of execution and the effects of isolation
C.the importance of equal rights and that of the death penalty
D.executions and murders
3.The author’s response to those who urge the death penalty for all degrees of murder would most likely be＿＿＿.
A.negative B.friendly C.supportive D.hostile
4.In the passage the author is primarily concerned with＿＿＿.
A.analyzing a problem objectively B.settling a dispute
C.supporting a position D.describing an event
5.It can be inferred that the author thinks that＿＿＿.
A.the death penalty is the most controversial issue in the United States today
B.the second type murders（in Paragraph 4）should be sentenced to death
C.the veto of the bill reestablishing the death penalty is of little importance
D.the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be debated
（3）
In some ways，the United States has made spectacular progress.Fires no longer destroy 18 000 buildings as they did in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871，or kill half a town of 2 400 people，as they did the same night in Peshtigo，Wisconsin.Other than the Beverly Hill Supper Club fire in Kentucky in 1977，it has been four decades since more than 100 Americans died in a fire.
But even with such successes，the United States still has one of the worst fire death rates in the world.Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology，but the indifference of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough.
American fire departments are some of the world’s fastest and best-equipped，and they have to be.The United States has twice Japan’s population，and 40 times as many fires.It spends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them.And American fire-safety lessons are aimed almost entirely at children，who die in disproportionately large numbers in fires but who，contrary to popular myth，start very few of them.
Experts say the fatal error is an attitude that fires are not really anyone’s fault.That is not so in other countries，where both public education and the law treat fires as either a personal failing or a crime.Japan has many wood houses；of the estimated 48 fires in the world history，that burned more than 10，000 buildings，Japan has had 27.Penalties for causing a severe fire by negligence can be as high as life imprisonment.
In the United States，most education dollars are spent in elementary schools.But the lessons are aimed at a too limited audience；just 9 percent of all fire deaths are caused by children playing with matches.
The United States continues to rely more on technology than laws or social pressure.There are smoke detectors in 85 percent of all homes.Some local building codes now require home sprinklers.New heaters and irons shut themselves off if they are tipped.（1998年第二篇）
Questions：
1.It can be inferred from the passage that＿＿＿.
A.fire safety lessons should be aimed at American adults
B.American children have not received enough education of fire safety lesson
C.Japan is better equipped with fire facilities than the United States
D.America’s large population accounts for high fire frequency
2.In what aspects should the United States learn from Japan？
A.Architecture and building material.
B.Education and technology.
C.Laws and attitude.
D.All of the above.
3.To narrow the gap between the fire death rate in the United States and that in other countries，the author suggests＿＿＿.
A.developing new technology
B.counting more on laws and social pressure
C.placing a fire extinguisher in every family
D.reinforcing the safeness of household appliances
（4）
With the Switzerland-based World Wildlife Fund（WWF），China is making a concerted and dedicated efforts to save the endangered pandas.The results，officials here in Chengdu indicate，are mixed but encouraging.
A clear disappointment is the failure to breed pandas in captivity，necessary if their decreasing numbers are to be replaced.Another failure has been the incapability to find a natural，readily available food to replace the arrow bamboo.
Despite these failures，success has come on two fronts.One achievement has been the physical rescue effort.Some pandas have been kept alive by salting（空投）the mountains with tons of cooked meat，which pandas will eat as a substitute for bamboo，and by the planting of new bamboo in isolated areas.Animals in some Sichuan areas have been rescued by local peasants and given emergency treatment by animal doctors.
A second achievement is a massive fund-raising effort.Publicity about the pandas’plight has resulted in a new$100，000 emergency allocation by the WWF and independent fund drives both in a China and abroad.
In spite of this support，there have been conflicts in the panda relief program.One important problem is the difficulty Peking is having balancing the recommendations of environ mentalists with China’s ambitious goal of agricultural and industrial modernization.
Wolong is but one example of this difficulty.This 494，000-acre preserve was declared a protected area in 1975.Yet 1，800 people，mostly Tibetans，still live in the preserve，logging trucks still roll down the narrow mountain roads，and blasting work still goes on at the site of a new 160，000-kilowatt hydroelectric plant just six miles away.
This all means that the pandas’fight for survival will not be an easy one，even with the concerted effort of man.For in the end，even if they can survive the dangers of the wild，they must still contend with man himself.（1997年第三篇）
Questions：
1.It can be inferred from the passage that＿＿＿.
A.Switzerland is the only country that contributes in the panda relief program
B.the survival of pandas is an international concern
C.it is too late to rescue the endangered pandas
D.the lovely pandas will soon die out
2.The tone of the author’s conclusion concerning pandas’survival is＿＿＿.
A.worried B.optimistic C.angry D.impersonal
答案及解析
（1）
B.归纳性推断题。从第一段前两句话可以看出，美国人看似无理、不耐烦的个性主要是受美国社会极富变化、十分活跃的社会特性的影响。从第二段可以看出美国人缺乏对国际事务的了解主要是由于美国在地理位置上没有很多邻国的影响。正确答案B就是对这两段内容的总结。
（2）
1.D.主观态度推断题。本文主要探讨是否应该执行死刑（the death penalty）这一问题，作为关键词the death penalty在文中反复出现，因此可首先排除A、C两个选项。然后，再判断作者在这一问题上的立场态度。第一段是引入段，引出对死刑的探讨；第二段简单说明人们反对死刑的理由；第三段提出自己的观点：死刑是必需的；第四段举例说明对有些罪犯应当执行死刑；第五段列数字说明死刑的实施可以有效地降低犯罪率。由此可见，作者对死刑持赞成态度。因此，正确答案应是D选项。
2.A.归纳推断题。本题是从具体事例中归纳出较为抽象的关系。从最后一段具体的事例，特别是列举的数字可以推断出死刑的实施和谋杀犯罪率的上升是成反比的，因此A选项是正确答案。
3.A.态度推断题。从原文第三段可知，作者认为谋杀有两类，其轻重程度不同，不能适用同样的刑罚，应区别对待。由此，正确答案应是A。
4.C.主观态度推断题。排除法做题。本文带有明确的主观态度，因此应首先排除不含任何主观态度的A、D两个选项。本文旨在说服读者接受作者在死刑问题上的态度，并非为解决争端，因此C是正确答案。
5.B.推断题。从文章第四段最后一句such should not be the fate of the latter type murder可以看出作者认为仅用监禁不足以惩罚第二类杀人犯，据此可以推断作者认为对这类杀人犯应当执行死刑。因此，B是正确答案。A与文章首句表达不符；C与全文倒数第三句表达不符；D与最后一段首句表达不符。
（3）
1.A.推断题。根据原文第五段最后一句话But the lessons are aimed at a too limited audience；just 9 percent of all fire deaths are caused by children playing with matches可以推出防火教育不应仅针对孩子，也应面向成人，因此A是正确答案。
2.C.推断题。从第四段第一、二句话可以推出美国在对待火灾的态度、教育和立法方面都有所欠缺，紧接着该段以日本为例来说明问题。据此可判断C是正确答案。
3.B.推断题。文章第六段首句进一步指出了美国目前在防火方面的不足之处，因此不难找到正确答案B。
（4）
1.B.推断题。从文章第四段第二句话可知：大熊猫不仅得到了中国国内的捐款，而且还得到了国外的捐款。由此可以推断出正确答案B选项的内容：大熊猫的生存问题已引起了国际的广泛关注。
2.A.推断题。作者在文章最后一段的结论中指出：大熊猫为生存而进行的斗争不是一件简单的工作，因为它们不仅要和自然界的危险相抗争还要和来自人类的威胁斗争。由此可以看出作者在结论中表达了对大熊猫能否生存下去的焦虑，因此正确答案应当是A选项。
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