历年阅读真题解析

第四篇　历年阅读真题解析

2004年

Passage One

Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance.During their lifetimes it will affect them more and more.In time，many of them will work at jobs that depend heavily on science—for example，concerning energy sources，pollution control，highway safety，wilderness conservation，and population growth.As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and exploration.And，as consumers，they will be bombarded（受到轰击）by advertising，much of which is said to be based on science.

Therefore，it is important that children，the citizens of the future，become functionally acquainted with science—with the process and spirit of science，as well as with its facts and principles.Fortunately，science has a natural appeal for youngsters.They can relate it to so many things that they encounter—flashlights，tools，echoes，and rainbows.Besides，science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content.It can help pupils learn to think logically，to organize and analyse ideas.It can provide practice in communication skills and mathematics.In fact，there is no area of the curriculum to which science cannot contribute，whether it is geography，history，language arts，music，or art!

Above all，good science teaching leads to what might be called a“scientific attitude”.Those who possess it seek answers through observing，experimenting，and reasoning，rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others.They weigh evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution.While respecting the opinions of others，they expect honesty，accuracy，and objectivity and are on guard against hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations.All children should be developing this approach to solving problems，but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with the mere acquisition of information.Continual practice，through guided participation，is needed.

Questions：

1.One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them will＿＿＿.

A.work in scientific research institutions

B.work at jobs closely related to science

C.make the final decision in matters concerning science

D.be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration

2.There is no doubt that children like learning science because＿＿＿.

A.science is linked with many of the things they meet

B.science is a very easy subject for them to learn

C.they encounter the facts and principles of science daily

D.they are familiar with the process and spirit of science

3.Pupils can learn logical thinking while＿＿＿.

A.practicing communication skills

B.studying geography

C.taking art courses

D.learning science

4.People with a scientific attitude＿＿＿.

A.are ready to accept the pronouncements of others

B.tend to reach conclusions with certainty

C.are aware that others are likely to make hasty judgments

D.seek truth through observation，experimentation and reasoning

5.In the passage the writer seems to＿＿＿.

A.prove that science is a successful course in school

B.point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in school

C.suggest that science should be included in the school curriculum

D.predict that children who learn science will be good scientists

Passage Two

My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma.Yes，they become grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the other eleven and a half months of the year.

The first sign of my parents’change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s clothing stores.These two people，who usually dislike anything having to do with shopping malls，become crazy consumers.While they tell me to budget my money and shop wisely，they are buying up every doll and dump truck in sight.And this is only the beginning of the holidays!

When my brother’s children arrive，Grandpa and Grandma come into full form.First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the grandkids.While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take two bites of corm，beets（甜菜），or liver（foods that appeared quite often on our table despite constant complaining），the grandchildren never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them.Grandma carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe（贿赂）the littlest ones into following her around the house，while Grandpa offers“surprises”of candy and cake to them all day long.Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale.The kids love all the sweets，and when the sugar raises their energy levels，Grandma and Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly active kids.

Once the grandchildren have arrived，Grandma and Grandpa also seem to forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily life.If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner，he is“developing his own personality”；if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror，she is“just a curious child”.But，if I track mud into the house while helping to unload groceries，I become“careless”；if I scold one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook，I am“impatient”.If Paula talks back to her mother，Grandma and Grandpa smile at her spirit.If I say one word about all of this excessive love，Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty jealousies.

Questions：

1.As regards his parents’shopping for the grandchildren，the author＿＿＿.

A.feels jealous　　　　　　B.feels amazed

C.thinks it unnecessary　　D.thinks it annoying

2.What happens after the kids have had all the sweets？

A.They get highly energetic.　　B.They quiet down.

C.They want more sweets.　　　　D.They go to bed.

3.Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children？

A.They behave very well.

B.They like chocolate very much.

C.They receive toys from their grandparents.

D.They are having a lot of fun.

4.It can be inferred from the passage that when the author was a child，he＿＿＿.

A.liked the foods he had

B.got a lot of pocket money

C.was spoiled by his parents

D.was scolded if hemis behaved

5.“Personality transformation”in the author’s parents means that they＿＿＿.

A.have turned into loving parents

B.have become strict parents

C.no longer care for the author

D.used to believe in discipline for children

Passage Three

Diego Chiapello，legally blind since birth，isn’t one of Italy’s famous“mama’s boys”who live with their parents into adulthood.The 27-year-old lives alone in Milan，works as a network administrator，loves diving and dreams of sailing across the Atlantic with a sightim paired（有视力障碍的）crew.

Obviously，he’s not your average disabled person—but especially so in Italy.The country has more barriers to integration than almost anywhere else on the Continent：among European countries，Italy ranks third from the bottom in accessibility for the disabled，ahead of only Greece and Portugal，People who use wheelchairs，especially，find it difficult to navigate the country’s cobblestone（鹅卵石）streets，ride buses or visit restaurants，shops and museums.Less than a quarter of Italy’s disabled hold jobs compared with 47 percent for Europe.

But the biggest obstacle for the country’s physically challenged may，in fact，be the fabled Italian family.Because of the social defect that still attaches to disabilities，“they tend to keep disabled people at home”and out of public view，explains Giovanni Marri，head of an employment training center in Milan that caters to the handicapped.Thus while 15 percent of the country’s families include a disabled person，according to surveys，only 2 percent of Italians report going to school with a disabled person and only 4 percent work with one.

Italians are beginning to recognize the problem.Over the past decade，the government has passed laws targeting everything from workplace discrimination to accessibility requirements.A recent study by the European Union found that 85 percent of Italians admit that public transportation and infrastructure（基础设施）are inadequate for the handicapped，and 97 percent say action is needed.But the biggest barrier is psychological.“Italian companies are afraid of hiring disabled people，”says Chiapello.The only way to alter that，he says，is for Italy’s disabled to do what he did—get out of the house and demand change.

Questions：

1.Which of the following words best describes“mama’s boys”？

A.Ordinary　　 B.Optimistic

C.Dependent　　D.Desirable

2.In this passage，Chiapello is cited as an example of＿＿＿.

A.unusual disabled Italians

B.courageous blind sailors

C.typical handicapped people

D.vulnerable disabled Europeans

3.In Italy，where are the disabled people most likely to be？

A.On the street.B.At home.

C.In school.D.At work.

4.Italy’s general public will most probably agree that＿＿＿.

A.physical inadequacies are the biggest obstacle for the disabled

B.things should be done to remove the barriers against the disabled

C.workplace prejudices toward the disabled are hardly recognizable

D.disabled people should reduce the need of going to public places

5.What is the passage mainly about？

A.Italy has not enough in aiding the disabled.

B.Italy’s disabled people should get out of their houses.

C.Italian people have been blind to troubles of the disabled.

D.Italian ways of aiding the disabled should be encouraged.

Passage Four

The average number of authors on scientific papers is sky-rocketing.That’s partly because labs are bigger，problems are more complicated，and more different subspecialties are needed.But it’s also because U.S.government agencies have started to promote“team science”.As physics developed in the post-World War Ⅱ era，federal funds built expensive national facilities，and these served as surfaces on which collaborations could crystallize naturally.

Yet multiple authorship—however good it maybe in other ways—presents troubles for journals and for the institutions in which these authors work.For the journals，long lists of authors are hard to deal with in themselves.But those long lists give rise to more serious questions when something goes wrong with the paper.If there is research misconduct，how should the liability be allocated among the authors？If there is an honestmis take in one part of the work but not in others，how should an evaluator aim his or her review？

Various practical or impractical suggestions have emerged during the long-standing debate on this issue.One is that each author should provide，and the journal should then publish，an account of that author’s particular contribution to the work.But a different view of the problem，and perhaps of the solution，comes as we get to university committee on appointments and promotions，which is where the authorship rubber really meets the road.Half a lifetime of involvement with this process has taught me how much authorship matters.I have watched committees attempting to decode sequences of names，agonize over whether a much-cited paper was really the candidate’s work or a coauthor’s，and send back recommendations asking for more specificity about the division of responsibility.

Problems of this kind change the argument，supporting the case for asking authors to define their own roles.After all，if quality judgments about individuals are to be made on the basis of their personal contributions，then the judges better know what they did.But if questions arise about the validity of the work as a whole，whether as challenges to its conduct or as evaluations of its influence in the field，a team is a team，and the members should share the credit or the blame.（367 words）

Questions：

1.According to the passage，there is a tendency that scientific papers＿＿＿.

A.are getting more complicated

B.are dealing with bigger problems

C.are more of a product of team work

D.are focusing more on natural than on social sciences

2.One of the problems with multiple authorship is that it is hard＿＿＿.

A.to allocate the responsibility if the paper goes wrong

B.to decide on how much contribution each reviewer has made

C.to assign the roles that the different authors are to play

D.to correspond with the authors when the readers feel the need to

3.According to the passage，authorship is important when＿＿＿.

A.practical or impractical suggestions of the authors are considered

B.appointments and promotions of the authors are involved

C.evaluators need to review the publication of the authors

D.the publication of the authors has become much-cited

4.According to the passage，whether multiple authors of a paper should be taken collectively or individually depends on＿＿＿.

A.whether judgments are made about the paper or its authors

B.whether it is the credit or the blame that the authors need to share

C.how many authors are involved in the paper

D.where the paper has been published

5.The best title for the passage can be＿＿＿.

A.Writing Scientific Papers：Publish or Perish

B.Collaboration and Responsibility in Writing Scientific Papers

C.Advantages and Disadvantages of Team Science

D.Multiple Authors，Multiple Problems

Passage Five

What produces a waterproof super glue，acts like a vacuum cleaner，and even teaches scientists about gene repair？The humble little shellfish known as the mussel（贻贝）.

Mussels are found worldwide.Some live in the sea.Others inhabit freshwater streams and lakes.When you try to move a mussel from a rock，you will discover what an incredibly firm grip it has—a necessity if the mussel is to resist the sharp grab of a hungry seabird or the pounding waves of the sea.How does it manage to cling so tight？When it choose a place to set up home，it pokes its tongue-shaped foot out of its shell and presses it against a solid surface.Special glands give off a fluid mixture of proteins into a channel that runs the length of the foot.The liquid quickly hardens into a fine，elastic thread about an inch long.Then a tiny pad-like structure at the end of this thread gives off some natural glue-like substance，the mussel lifts its foot，and anchor line number one is complete.These strategically placed threads form a bundle，which ties the mussel to its new home in much the same way that ropes hold down a tent.The whole procedure takes only three or four minutes.

Imagine having a very strong glue that is non-toxic and so flexible that it can penetrate the tiniest holes and corners，sticking to any surface，even under water.Shipbuilders would welcome it for repairing vessels without the expense of dry-docking them.Auto-body workers would like a really waterproof paint that keeps the rust out.Surgeons would value a safe glue to join broken bones and to close wounds...The list of possible uses appears endless.

However，scientists are not thinking of using the mussels themselves to produce this super glue.It would take some 10，000 shellfish to make just one gram of glue.So collection enough mussels to supply the world’s demand for super glue would wipe out the mussel population，many species of which are already endangered.Instead，American researchers have isolated and cloned the genes for five mussel glue proteins，and they are about to mass-produce them in the laboratory.However，the mussel is still one jump ahead.Only the mussel instinctively knows the exact blend of proteins needed for each kind of surface.Molecular biologist Frank Roberto has asked admiringly：“How are you ever going to imitate that？”

Questions：

1.A mussel grips a hard surface very firmly to＿＿＿.

A.seal itself from being damaged by seawater

B.produce the waterproof super glue

C.protect itself from being blown away by strong wind

D.protect itself from being the food of other animals

2.The waterproof super glue originates in＿＿＿.

A.the mussel’s tongue-shaped foot

B.some glands in the mussel’s body

C.the thread given off by the mussel

D.the channel of the mussel’s foot

3.To tie itself safely to a new home，a mussel must＿＿＿.

A.produce a thread to anchor to the hard surface

B.draw air and water from its pad-like structure

C.hold down a tent as human beings do

D.place many anchor lines strategically

4.Scientists are not thinking of using mussels to produce the super glue mainly because of＿＿＿.

A.the possible mass-production of the super glue

B.their concern about the cost of collecting mussels

C.their concern about the extinction of the species

D.the world’s limited demand for the super glue

5.The main idea of this passage is that＿＿＿.

A.mussels can be used to produce super glue

B.mussels are much smarter than we think

C.it is important to protect mussels

D.mussels have an amazing power useful to man

2003年

Passage One

Andrea had never seen an old lady hitchhiking（搭车）before.However，the weather and the coming darkness made her feel sorry for the lady.The old lady had some difficulty climbing in through the car door，and pushed her big brown canvas shopping bag down onto the floor under her feet.She said to Andrea，in a voice that was almost a whisper，“Thank you dearie—I’m just going to Brock bourne.”

Something in the way the lady spoke，and the way she never turned her head，made Andrea uneasy about this strange hitchhiker.She didn’t know why，but she felt instinctively that there was something wrong，something odd，something dangerous.But how could an old lady be dangerous？It was absurd.

Careful not to turn her head，Andrea looked sideways at her passenger.She studied the hat，the dirty collar of the dress，the shapeless body，the arms with their thick black hairs.

Thick black hairs？

Hairy arms？Andrea’s blood froze.

This wasn’t a woman.It was a man.

At first，she didn’t know what to do.Then suddenly，an idea came into her racing，terrified brain.Swinging the wheel suddenly，she threw the car into a skid（刹车），and brought it to a halt.

“My God！”she shouted，“A child! Did you see the child？I think I hit her？”

The“old lady”was clearly shaken by the sudden skid.“I didn’t see anything dearie，”she said.“I don’t think you hit anything.”

“I’m sure it was a child！”insisted Andrea.“Could you just get out and have a look？Just see if there’s anything on the road？”She held her breath.Would her plan work？

It did.The passenger slowly climbed out to investigate.As soon as she was out of the vehicle，Andrea gunned the engine and accelerated madly away，and soon she had put a good three miles between herself and the awful hitchhiker.

It was only then that she thought about the bag lying on the floor in front of her.Maybe the bag would provide some information about the real identity about the man.Pulling into the side of the road，Andrea opened the heavy bag curiously.

It contained only one item—a small hand axe，with a razor-sharp blade.The axe，and the inside of the bag，were covered with the dark red stains of dried blood.Andrea began to scream.Questions：

1.Andrea allowed the hitchhiker to take a ride in her car，mainly because＿＿＿.

A.the hitchhiker was an old woman

B.she was curious about the old lady

C.the lady had a heavy bag

D.she knew the old lady

2.What made Andrea afraid when she looked at the old lady？

A.She had a shapeless body.

B.She had a harsh voice.

C.She wore a dirty dress.

D.She had hairy arms.

3.Andrea suddenly stopped the car because＿＿＿.

A.she thought she had hit a child on the road

B.she skidded on some ice on the road

C.she wanted to trick the passenger into getting out

D.she couldn’t concentrate and nearly had a crash

4.Andrea looked in the passenger’s bag to＿＿＿.

A.examine what was in it

B.find out where the passenger lived

C.use the passenger’s tools

D.find out who the passenger was

5.Andrea screamed because＿＿＿.

A.she saw the hitchhiker come back

B.she realized she could have been killed

C.she was scared at seeing blood

D.she cut herself by the blade

Passage Two

Desperately short of living space and dangerously prone to flooding，the Netherlands plans to start building homes，businesses and even roads on water.

With nearly a third of the country already covered by water and half of its land mass below sea level and constantly under threat from rising waters，the authorities believe that floating communities may well be the future.

Six prototype wooden and aluminum floating houses are already attached to something off Amsterdam，and at least a further 100 are planned on the same estate，called Ijburg.

“Everybody asks why didn’t we do this kind of thing before，”said Gijsbert Van der Woerdt，director of the firm responsible for promoting the concept.“After Bangladesh we’re the most densely populated country in the world.Building space is scarce and government studies show that we’ll need to double the space available to us in the coming years to meet all our needs.”

Before being placed on the water and moved into position by tugboats（拖船），the houses are built on land atop concrete flat-bottomed boats，which encase giant lumps of polystyrene（聚苯乙烯）reinforced with steel.The flat-bottomed boats are said to be unsinkable and are anchored by underwater cables.The floating roads apply the same technology.

The concept is proving popular with the Dutch.The waiting list for such homes，which will cost between Euros 200，000- 500，000 to buy，runs to 5，000 names，claims Van der Woerdt.

With much of the country given over to market gardening and the intensive cultivation of flowers and vegetables，planners have also come up with designs for floating greenhouses designed so that the water beneath them irrigates the plants and controls the temperature inside.

A pilot project，covering 50 hectares of flooded land near Amsterdam’s Schiphol airport，is planned for 2005.

The opportunities for innovative developers look promising.“We have 10 projects in the pipeline-floating villages and cities complete with offices，shops and restaurants，”Van der Woerdt said.

Questions：

1.The Netherlands plans to start building floating communities on water because＿＿＿.

A.most parts of the country are covered by water

B.the country is constantly threatened by floods

C.it will promote the cultivation of flowers

D.people think it better to live on water

2.By citing“Everyone asks why didn’t we do this kind of thing before”，the author wants to tell us that＿＿＿.

A.building floating communities is a very good idea

B.the director of the firm didn’t want to answer the question

C.the Netherlands should follow the example of Bangladesh

D.people are not satisfied with the government’s work

3.The floating houses will be＿＿＿.

A.reinforced with steel

B.made of concrete

C.constructed in water

D.built on boats

4.According to the author，the floating communities on water＿＿＿.

A.can promote market gardening

B.are beyond the reach of most Dutch people

C.will increase the cost of gardening

D.will be very popular by the year of 2005

5.“10 projects in the pipeline”in the last paragraph means＿＿＿.

A.“10 pipelines to provide gas”

B.“10 companies to lay the pipelines”

C.“10 floating houses to be built on water”

D.“10 building projects planned and started”

Passage Three

My new home was a long way from the centre of London but it was becoming essential to find a job，so finally Is pent a whole morning getting to town and putting my name down to be considered by London Transport for a job on the tube.They were looking for guards，not drivers.This suited me.I couldn’t drive a car but thought that I could probably guard a train，and perhaps continue to write my poems between stations.The writers Keats and Chekhov had been doctors.T.S.Eliot had worked in a bank and Wallace Stevens for an insurance company，I would be a tube guard.I could see my self being cheerful，useful，a good man in a crisis.Obviously I would be overqualified but I was willing to forget about that in return for a steady income and travel privileges—those being particularly welcome to someone living a long way from the city centre.

The next day I sat down，with almost a hundred other candidates，for the intelligence test.I must have done all right because after half an hour’s wait I was sent into another room for a psychological test.This time there were only about fifty candidates.The examiner sat at a desk.You were signalled forward to occupy the seat opposite him when the previous occupant had been dismissed，after a greater or shorter time.Obviously the long interviews were the more successful ones.Some of the interviews were as short as five minutes.Mine was the only one that lasted a minute and a half.

I can remember the questions now：“Why did you leave your last job？”“Why did you leave your job before that？”“And the one before that？”I can’t recall my answers，except that they were short at first and grew progressively shorter.His closing statement，I thought，revealed a lack of sensitivity which helped to explain why as a psychologist，he had risen no higher than the underground railway.“You have failed the psychological test and we are unable to offer you a position.”

Failing to get that job was my low point.Or so I thought，believing that the work was easy.Actually，such jobs—being a postman is another one I still desire—demand exactly the sort of elementary yet responsible awareness that the habitual dreamer is least qualified to give.But I was still far short of full self-understanding.I was also short of cash.

Questions：

1.The writer applied for the job because＿＿＿.

A.he could no longer afford to live without one

B.he wanted to work in the centre of London

C.he had received suitable training

D.he was not interested in any other available job

2.The writer thought he was overqualified for the job because＿＿＿.

A.he had written many poems

B.he often traveled underground

C.he had worked in an insurance company

D.he could deal with difficult situations

3.The length of his interview meant that＿＿＿.

A.he had not done well in the intelligence test

B.he was not going to be offered the job

C.he had little work experience to talk about

D.he did not like the examiner

4.What was the writer’s opinion of the psychologist？

A.He was inefficient at his job.

B.He was unsympathetic.

C.He was unhappy with his job.

D.He was very aggressive.

5.What does the writer realise now that he did not realise then？

A.How difficult it can be to get a job.

B.How unpleasant ordinary jobs can be.

C.How badly he did in the interview.

D.How unsuitable he was for the job.

Passage Four

For more than 10 years there has been a bigger rise in car crime than in most other types of crime.An average of mote than two cars a minute are broken into，vandalized（破坏）or stolen in the UK.Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported of fences with no signs that the trend is slowing down.

Although there are highly professional criminals involved in car theft，almost 90 percent of car crime is committed by the opportunist.Amateur thieves are aided by our carelessness.When the Automobile Association（AA）engineers surveyed one town centre car park last year，10 percent of cars checked were unlocked，a figure backed up by a Home Office national survey that found 12 percent of drivers sometimes left their cars unlocked.

The vehicles are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel.The AA has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average of three minutes—and sometimes much longer—as drivers buy drinks，cigarettes and other consumer items—and then pay at the counter with payment by credit card more and more common，it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car for as long as six minutes providing the car thief with a golden opportunity.

In an exclusive AA survey，carried out at a busy garage on amain road out of London，300 motorists were questioned over three days of the holiday period.24 percent admitted that they“always”or“sometimes”leave the keys in the car.This means that nationwide，a million cars daily become easy targets for the opportunist thief.

The AA recommends locking up whenever you leave the car—and for however short a period.A partially open sunroof or window is a further come-on to thieves.

Leaving valuables in view is an invitation to the criminal.A Manchester probationary（假释期）service research project，which interviewed almost 100 car thieves last year，found many would investigate a coat thrown on a seat.Never leave any documents showing your home address in the car if you have a garage，use it and lock it—a garaged car is at substantially less risk.

There are many other traps to avoid.The Home Office has found little awareness among drivers about safe parking.Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots away from street lights—just the places thieves love.The AA advises drivers to park in places with people around—thieves do not like audiences.

Questions：

1.The passage seems to imply that payment by credit card＿＿＿.

A.is preferable for safe parking

B.is now a common practice

C.takes longer than necessary

D.aids a car thief in a way

2.Which of the following statements is correct？

A.In the UK，a million cars are stolen daily.

B.In the UK，there are amateur car thieves only.

C.There are more car crimes than any other type of of fences.

D.One in ten drivers invites car theft due to carelessness.

3.The researches mentioned in the passage on car theft include all the following EXCEPT＿＿＿.

A.checking private garages

B.interviewing motorists

C.questioning car thieves

D.examining parking lots

4.The best way for a driver to avoid car theft is＿＿＿.

A.leaving documents showing one’s home address in the car

B.locking one’s car in a parking lot at any time

C.not leaving the car unattended for longer than necessary

D.not leaving a sunroof or window partially open

5.In the last paragraph，the term“safe parking”means＿＿＿.

A.not parking under street lights

B.not parking in front of a theatre or cinema

C.avoiding traps set by a possible car thief

D.parking where a lot of people pass by

Passage Five

Nowadays，we hear a lot about the growing threat of globalisation，accompanied by those warnings that the rich pattern of local life is being undermined，and many dialects and traditions are becoming extinct.But stop and think for a moment about the many positive aspects that globalisation is bringing Read on and you are bound to feel comforted，ready to face the global future，which is surely inevitable now.

Consider the Internet，that prime example of our shrinking world.Leaving aside the all-too-familiar worries about pornography and political extremism，even the most narrow-minded must admit that the net offers immeasurable benefits，not just in terms of education，the sector for which it was originally designed，but more importantly on a global level，the spread of news and comment.It will be increasingly difficult for politicians to maintain their regimes of misinformation，as the oppressed will not only find support and comfort，but also be able to organize themselves more effectively.

MTV is another global provider that is often criticized for imposing popular culture on the unsuspecting millions around the world.Yet the viewers’judgment on MTV is undoubtedly positive；it is regarded as indispensable by most of the global teenage generation who watch it，a vital part of growing up.And in the final analysis，what harm can a few songs and videos cause？

Is the world dominance of brands like Nike and Coca-Cola so harm for us，when all is said and done？Sportswear and soft drinks are harmless products when compared to the many other things that have been globally available for a longer period of time-heroin and cocaine，for example.In any case，just because Nike shoes and Coke cans are for sale，it doesn’t mean you have to buy them—even globalisation cannot deprive the individual of his freewill.

Critics of globalisation can stop issuing their doom and gloom statements.Life goes on，and has more to offer for many citizens of the world than it did for their parents’generation.

Questions：

1.Some people feel sad about globalization because they believe it will＿＿＿.

A.bring threat to the world peace

B.impact the diversified local life

C.disrupt their present easy life-style

D.increase the size of people speaking dialects

2.Internet was originally designed＿＿＿.

A.to promote education

B.to distribute news and comment

C.to relieve people of worries

D.to publicize political beliefs

3.What is the writer’s attitude towards globalization？

A.Suspicious.　　 B.Positive.

C.Indifferent.　　D.Contemptuous.

4.It is implied in the passage that Nike and Coca-Cola＿＿＿.

A.should not become dominant brands

B.have been ignored by many people

C.cannot be compared with drugs

D.shouldn’t have caused so much concern

5.Which of the following could be the best title of the passage？

A.Globalisation Is Standardization

B.Globalisation：Like It or Lump It

C.Globalisation：Don’t Worry，Be Happy

D.Gloalisation Brings Equality

2002年

Passage One

John Grisham was born on February 2，1955，in Jonesboro，Arkansas，in the USA.His father was a construction worker and moved his family all around the southern states of America，stopping wherever he could find work.Eventually they settled in Mississippi.Graduating from law school in 1981，Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in Southaven，specializing in criminal defense and personal injury litigation（诉讼）.In 1983，he was elected to the state House of Representatives and served until 1990.

One day at the Desso to County courthouse，Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12-year-old rape victim.He decided to write a novel exploring what would have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers.He proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m.to work on the novel，called A Time to Kill，which was published in 1988.Grisham’s next novel，The Firm，was one of the biggest hits of 1991，spending 47 weeks on The New York Times bestseller list.Grisham lives with his wife and two children，dividing their time between their Victorian home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near Charlottesville，Virginia.

When he’s not writing，Grisham devotes time to charitable causes，including mission trips with his church group.As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player，and now serves as the local Little League commissioner.He has built six ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26 Little League teams.

Questions：

1.John Grisham is at present＿＿＿.

A.awriter　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.a lawyer

C.a professional baseball player　　D.a congressman

2.What inspired Grisham to write his first novel？

A.A case of murder.

B.A case of rape.

C.His father’s experience.

D.His life on the farm.

3.The story of the novel A Time to Kill would probably focus on？

A.how the girl was attacked

B.the circumstances of the rape

C.how the girl’s father took revenge

D.how the case of rape was settled

4.Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm？

A.It was popular at the time of publication.

B.It earned Grisham great fame.

C.It brought Grisham wealth.

D.It was carried by The New York Times as a series.

5.It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built ballfields on his property＿＿＿.

A.to achieve his life’s goal as a professional baseball player

B.to coach children in baseball

C.It brought Grisham wealth

D.It provide facilities of baseball training

Passage Two

A quality education is the ultimate liberator.It can free people from poverty，giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society.It can also free communities and countries，allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that other wise would not be possible.

For this reason，the international community has committed itself to getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2015，a commitment known as Education for All.

Can education for all be achieved by 2015？The answer is definitely“yes”，although it is a difficult task.If we know measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school，instead of just enrolling for classes，which used to be the measuring stick for education，then the challenge becomes even more difficult.Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates.The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.

Still，the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community.59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems.They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support.The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress.But this is attainable with creative solution，including use of information technologies，flexible and targeted foreign aid，and fewer people living in poverty.

A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country’s capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies，institutions and management.Where a country scores well on these criteria，foreign assistance can be highly effective.

Questions：

1.In the first paragraph，the author suggests that a quality education can＿＿＿.

A.free countries from foreign rules

B.speed up social progress

C.give people freedom

D.liberate people from any exploitation

2.Ideally，the goal of the program of Education for All is to by 2015＿＿＿.

A.get all the world’s children to complete primary school

B.enroll all the world’s children into primary school

C.give quality education to people of 88 countries

D.support those committed to transforming their education systems

3.countries are now at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of completion rates＿＿＿.

A.32　　B.59　　C.29　　D.88

4.According to the passage，which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy？

A.Raising the efficiency of education systems.

B.Improving the quality of education.

C.Using information technologies.

D.Building more primary school.

5.As can be gathered from the last paragraph，foreign aid＿＿＿.

A.may not be highly effective

B.is provided only when some criteria are met

C.alone makes development possible

D.is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behind

Passage Three

Most people think of lions as strictly African beasts，but only because they’re been killed off almost everywhere else.Ten thousand years ago lions spanned vast sections of the globe.Now lions hold only a small fraction of their former habitat，and Asian lions，a subspecies that spit from African lions perhaps 100，000 years ago，hang on to an almost impossibly small slice of their former territory.

India is the proud steward of these 300 or so lions，which live primarily in a 560-square-mile sanctuary（保护区）.It took me a year and a half to get a permit to explore the entire Gir Forest-and no time at all to see why these lions became symbols of royalty and greatness.A tiger will hide in the forest unseen，but a lion stands its ground，curious and unafraid-lionhearted.Though they told me in subtle ways when I got too close，Gir’s lions allowed me unique glimpses into their lives during my three months in the forest.It’s odd to think that they are threatened by extinction；Gir has as many lions as it can hold-too many，in fact.With territory in short supply，lions move about near the boundary of the forest and even leave it altogether，often clashing with people.That’s one reason India is creating a second sanctuary.There are other pressing reasons：outbreaks of disease or natural disasters.In 1994 a serious disease killed more than a third of Africa’s Serengeti lions-a thousand animals-a fate that could easily happen to Gir’s cats.These lions are especially vulnerable to disease because they descend from as few as a dozen individuals.“If you do a DNA test，Asiatic lions actually look like identical twins.”says Stephen O’Brien，a geneticist（基因学家）who has studied them.Yet the dangers are hidden，and you wouldn’t suspect them by watching these lords of the forest.The lions display vitality，and no small measure of charm.

Though the gentle intimacy of play vanishes when it’s time to eat，meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affairs.For a mother and her baby lion sharing a deer，or a young male eating an antelope（羚羊），there’s no need to fight for a cut of the kill.The animals they hunt for food are generally smaller in Gir than those in Africa，and hunting groups tend to be smaller as well.

Questions：

1.In the first paragraph，the author tells us that Asiatic lions＿＿＿.

A.have killed off other lions

B.have descended from African lions

C.used to span vast sections of the globe

D.have lost their habitat

2.What impressed the author most when he went to watch the lions in the Gir Forest？

A.Their friendliness.

B.Their size.

C.Their intimacy.

D.Their vitality.

3.What does the sentence“...meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affair”mean？

A.The lions do not show intimacy among them anymore.

B.The lions may not deed to fight for food.

C.Food is not readily available in that region.

D.Meals can be obtained only with great effort.

4.The lions in the Gir Forest are especially vulnerable to disease because＿＿＿.

A.they have descended from a dozen or so ancestors

B.they are smaller than the African lions

C.they do not have enough to eat

D.they are physically weaker than the African lions

5.One of the reasons why India is creating a secondary sanctuary for the Asiatic lions is that＿＿＿.

A.the present sanctuary is not large enough

B.scientists want to do more research on them

C.they have killed many people

D.the forest is shrinking in size

Passage Four

After retirement from medical，my wife and I built our home in a gated community surrounded by yacht clubs and golf courses on Hilton Head Island.But when I left for the other side of the island，I was traveling on unpaved roads lined with leaky cottages.The“lifestyle”of many of the native islanders stood in shocking contrast to my comfortable existence.

By talking to the local folks，I discovered that the vast majority of the maids，gardeners，waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care.It seemed outrageous to me.I wondered why someone didn’t do something about that.Then my father’s words，which he had asked his children daily when they were young，rang inmy head again：“What did you do for someone today？”

Even though my father had died several years before，I guess I still didn’t want to disappoint him.So I started working on a solution.The island was full of retired doctors.If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services，we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it.Most of the doctors I approached liked the idea，so long as they could be relicensed without troubles.It took one year and plenty of persistence，but Iwas able to persuade the state legislators to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics.

The town donated land，local residents contributed office and medical equipment and some of the potential patients volunteered their weekends ornamenting the building that would become the clinic.We named it volunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 1994，fully staffed by retired physicians，nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers.That year we had 5，000 patient visits；last year we had 16，000.

Somehow word of what we were doing got around.Soon we were receiving phone calls from retired physicians all over the country，asking for help in starting VIM clinics in their communities.We did the best we could-there are now 15 other clinics operating中but we couldn’t keep up with the need.Yet last month I think my father’swords found their way up north，to McNeil Consumer Health care，the maker of Tylenol（泰诺：一种感冒药）.A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country.

Questions：

1.What is the passage mainly about？

A.The contrast between the rich and the poor on an island.

B.The story of am an who likes to give others advice.

C.The life and work of a great father.

D.The inspiration of a father’swords.

2.The author of the passage is＿＿＿.

A.a retired physician

B.a retired teacher

C.a retired medical researcher

D.a retired construction worker

3.The purpose of Volunteers in Medicine is to＿＿＿.

A.help retired medical workers improve their incomes

B.provide free medical services to those who need them

C.urge the government to set up non-profit clinics

D.make the dream of the author’s father come true

4.Which of the following has been done by the author himself？

A.Buying the medical equipment.

B.Finding the land and the office.

C.Decorating the building that would become the clinic.

D.Getting a special license for the retired doctors.

5.In the last paragraph，“I think my father’swords found their way up north to McNeil”implies that＿＿＿.

A.my father’swords finally reached McNeil

B.McNeil decided to do something for the needy people

C.my father decided to assist us in opening more clinics in the north

D.McNeil community was badly in need of free health care programs

Passage Five

Even before Historian Joseph Ellis became a best-selling author，he was famous for his vivid lectures.In his popular courses at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts，he would often make classroom discussion lively by describing his own combat experience in Vietnam.But as Ellis’s reputation grew- his books on the Founding Fathers have won both the prestigious National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize-the history professor began to entertain local and national reporters with his memories of war.Last year，after The Boston Globe carried accounts of Ellis’s experience in the Vietnam war，someone who knew the truth about Ellis dropped a dime（揭发）.Last week The Boston Globe revealed that Ellis，famous for explaining the nation’s history，had some explaining to do about his own past.

“Even in the best of lives，mistakes are made.”said a wretched Ellis.It turned out that while the distinguished historian had served in the army，he’d spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia，but teaching history at West Point（西点军校）.He’d also overstated his role in the antiwar movement and even his high-school athletic records.His admission shocked colleagues，fellow historians and students who wondered why someone so accomplished would beautify his past.But it seems that success and truthfulness don’t always go hand in hand.Even among the distinguished achievers，security experts say，one in ten is deceiving- indulging in everything from empty boasting to more serious offenses such as plagiarism（剽窃），fictionalizing military records，making up false academic certificates or worse.And，oddly，prominent people who beautify the past often do so once they’re famous，says Ernest Brod of Kroll Associates，which has conducted thousands of background checks.Says Brod：“It’s not like they use these lies to climb the ladder.”

Then what makes them do it？Psychologists say some people succeed，at least in part，because they are uniquely adjusted to the expectations of others.And no matter how well-known，those people can be haunted by a sense of their own shortcomings.“From outside，these people look anything but fragile，”says Dennis Shulman，a New York psychoanalyst.“But inside，they feel hollow，empty.”

Questions：

1.Which of the following is true about Ellis？

A.He is a famous professor of history at West Point.

B.His book on the Vietnam war has won two important prizes.

C.He has told both students and reporters about his own experience of war.

D.He has written a best-seller for a newspaper—The Boston Globe.

2.While Ellis served in the Army，he＿＿＿.

A.combated in Vietnam

B.taught at a military school

C.exaggerated his part as a historian

D.made mistakes in the antiwar movement

3.What did Ellis lie about？

A.His war experience in Vietnam.

B.His athletic records in high school.

C.His role in the antiwar movement.

D.All of the above.

4.What does“to climb the ladder”in the second paragraph mean？

A.To become more successful.

B.To inquire into one’s background.

C.To cover one’s serious offenses.

D.To go further in beautifying one’s past.

5.According to psychologists，successful people who lie about themselves＿＿＿.

A.take pride in their weaknesses

B.feel weak in their hearts

C.think nothing of others

D.look weak to others

答案与解析：

2004年

Passage One

［短文大意］本文是一篇结构紧凑逻辑清晰的论说文。文章通过分析科学给儿童带来的种种好处，指出了科学对儿童教育的重要性，除了实际生活中的好处外，更重要的是科学教育可以培养儿童对待问题的科学态度。

1.C.原因细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话。这句话“science is important for children”找到其原文中的出处——第一段第一句话，这里用“important”替换了原句中的名词，但该句话本身并无更多信息，因此要在下文中寻找。其后列举了三个原因，即①They can relate it to so many things that they encounter—flashlights，tools，echoes，and rainbows.②Besides，science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content.③It can help pupils learn to think logically，to organize and an alyse ideas.It can provide practice in communication skills and mathematics.根据以上三点和答案选项对照，不难发现，C的表述和原文列举的第一个原因一致，只是使用了同义词替换，用“concerning”替换了原句中的“involve”，因此正确答案应是C。

2.A.原因细节题。可套用上述公式。据题干关键词“no doubt that children like learning science”找到其原文中的出处——第二段第二句话。题干中用“no doubt that children like learning science”替换了原句中的“science has a natural appeal for youngsters”，（appeal for，对……有吸引力）但该句本身并无更多信息，因此要在下文中寻找，正确答案就在后一句话中。正确答案A选项中用同义词“be linked with”替换了原文的“relate...to”；用“meet”替换了原文的“encounter”。

3.D.细节题。可套用上述公式。根据题干关键词“learn logical thinking”找到其原文中的出处——第三段第二句话，去掉该句中和题干完全同意的表述后，再根据“It”的指代功能找到它所替代的前一句的“science teaching”。由此，即可判断D是正确答案。

4.D.细节题。可套用上述公式。根据题干关键词“scientific attitude”找到其原文中的出处——第三段第一句话。本题问的是“pupil”，因此答案在下一句中。根据第二句话，很容易找到与之相对应的D选项，两者表述完全一致。原句中的关键词组“rather than”的意思是“而不是”。

5.C.主观态度推断题。首先应把握全文的主旨——作者高度评价了科学对儿童教育的重要性，据此进行合理因果推导就应该能将科学对儿童的教育纳入学校的课程之中。然后再结合排除法做题，排除文章中并未涉及的A、B和D选项。

Passage Two

［短文大意］本文是一篇用第一人称写成的叙述性说明文。本文通过举例形象地说明了作者的父母在有了孙子、孙女后性格上的变化，这些变化包括：由原先的讨厌购物到现在的购物狂，由对子女的严格要求变成对孙子、孙女的一味宠爱等。这些变化是作者始料未及的。

1.B.归纳推断题。根据原文第一、二段作者对父母购物行为的描写，特别是几个关键性词语的使用，如：surprise，delight和only the beginning of the holiday可以看出作者对父母的购物行为虽然吃惊，但并无否定的态度，因此B是最合适的选项。

2.A.可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。根据题干关键词“all the sweets”找到其原文中的出处——第三段最后一句话，其中句内的“when the sugar raises their energy levels”和“highly active kids”便是答案所在。据此不难发现正确答案是A。“energetic”和“active”是同义词。

3.A.细节题中的NOT TRUE或EXCEPT题型，可套用公式正确答案≠原文中某一句话的表达。正确答案是A选项。它与原文第四段所描写的孩子的行为不符。

4.D.推断题。排除法是最有效的解题方法，排除了和原文表述明显不符的答案A、B和C后，D是可以作出的合理推断。“spoil”是溺爱的意思。

5.D.推断题。既然作者的父母性格上有了明显的转变（personality transformation），就可以通过对比法，根据他们现在对孙子、孙女的宠爱，推断出以前他们对子女的要求是非常严格的。所以D是正确答案。

Passage Three

［短文大意］这是一篇探讨残疾人问题的论说文。作者首先指出了意大利的残疾人难以融入正常人的社会活动，继而揭示了意大利的残疾人在外出、就业、个人发展等方面所遇到的困难，最后呼吁人们重视这一问题，并指出残疾人要改变现状的首要任务是克服心理障碍。

1.C.猜测词义题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中对该词的解释。根据题干中带有特殊符号的“mama’s boys”迅速回到原文中定位，可以轻松地找到其出处——全文第一句话。根据定语从句的补充修饰作用，可以找到答案应为“live with their parents into adulthood”，由此，答案选项中最能概括这一特点的词汇只能是C选项的“dependent”，依赖的。A是“普通的”；B是“乐观的”；D是“合意的”，均不符合原文的意思。

2.A.例子说明题。可套用公式正确答案≈例子之前或之后的一句概述。据此可以找到第二段的第一句话“Obviously，he is not your average disabled person”应是文中的答案所在。因此A是正确答案。选项中的“unusual”是“not average”的同义词。

3.B.细节题。可套用细节题的公式。本题在原文中的出处是第三段第二句话中的“they tend to keep disabled people at home”，因此B是正确答案。“tend to”和“be likely to”是同义词，意思是“倾向于……”。

4.B.推断题。首先题干中的“Italy’s general public”指的是最后一段调查中的85%和97%的意大利人，他们的观点非常清楚：“transportation and infrastructure are inadequate for the handicapped”；“action is needed”，据此可做的合理推断就是B选项，人们普遍认为应当去除影响残疾人生活的一些障碍。

5.A.主旨题。可套用公式主旨≈各段主题句之和。通过阅读文章中第二、三、四段的主题句“The country has more barriers to integration than almost anywhere else on the Continent”，“But the biggest obstacle for the country’s physically challenged may，in fact，be the fabled Italian family”和“Italians are beginning to recognize the problem”可知文章主要讨论的是意大利的残疾人所面临的种种困难障碍，由此最为贴切的答案应当是A。

Passage Four

［短文大意］本文是一篇问题分析型论说文。文章首先指出了学术界的一个新现象：科学类论文的作者的数量在不断增加，而且这一现象给杂志和学术机构带来了不少麻烦。文章同时分析了几种解决办法是否可行。

1.C.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。根据题干关键词“scientific papers”找到原文中的出处——全文第一句。关键是要知道单词“sky-rocketing”的意思是“迅速上升”，因此可以在C选项里找到其同义表述。

2.A.细节题。可套用上述公式。根据题干关键词“multiple authorship”可以找到其在原文的出处是第二段第一句，但要从后面的具体阐述中找到具体的问题。根据该段倒数第二句，不难找到答案选项A和原句表述完全一致，只是采用了同义词替换，用“go wrong”替换了“misconduct”；用“responsibility”替换了“liability”。

3.B.细节题。可套用上述公式。根据题干关键词“authorship is important”可以找到其在文中的同义表述：第三段倒数第二句话“how much authorship matters”。但真正的答案在前面一句中，主要是考能否理解难句“where the authorship rubber really meets the road”在上下文中的意思是“这才是作者身份真正起作用、有价值的地方”。

4.A.归纳推断题。要作出本题的答案需归纳文章最后一段对两种情况不同的论述。该段第二句提到如果是针对个人的评定，就需要了解每位作者不同的分工；第三句提到如果是质疑整个研究的可信性，那么所有成员都应负责任。因此，可以归纳出本题的答案：把作者们作为集体还是个人来评价取决于评定是针对研究还是个人。

5.D.主旨题。可套用公式主旨≈全文主题句。本文的主题句就是第二段的第一句。如果在文章的第一段段末或第二段段首出现转折词yet，however，but或in fact等，转折词后的往往就是文章的主旨。因此D是最佳答案。

Passage Five

［短文大意］本文是一篇科普性质的说明文。文章主要介绍了贻贝对人类的巨大贡献。文章介绍了贻贝的生活习性，其具有强大黏附力的原因以及科学家们对贻贝体内所含特殊的具有黏附力的蛋白质的研究和克隆。

1.D.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。根据题干关键词“grips...firmly”找到原文中的出处——第二段第二句，然后去掉和题干表述相同的地方，该句所剩的“a necessity if the mussel is to resist the sharp grab of a hungry seabird or the pounding waves of the sea”就是答案，据此很容易判断正确答案是D。

2.B.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。根据题干关键词“waterproof glue”找到原文中的出处——第二段倒数第三句。但值得注意的是题干中的用词“originate”，因此需追根溯源，依次往前面的句子中寻找答案，真正的答案出现在该段倒数第五句中。

3.D.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。根据题干关键词“tie itself safely to a new home”找到原文中的出处——第二段倒数第二句然后去掉和题干表述相同的地方，该句所剩的“these strategically placed threads”就是答案。考查的是对定语从句的理解。

4.C.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。根据题干关键词“not thinking of using mussels to produce the super glue”找到原文中的出处——最后一段第一句。但答案在其后的第三句中。关键是了解词组“wipe out”的意思是“灭绝”，是正确答案选项C中“extinction”的同义词。

5.D.主旨题。可套用公式主旨≈各段主要内容之和，并结合排除法做题。选项A、B和C的表述均与原文不符，所以，应予以排除。

2003年

Passage One

［短文大意］本文是一篇有关个人经历的记叙文。文章讲述了一位女司机有一次让一位素不相识的女人搭车，在路途中这位乘客的一些反常之处引起了她的警觉，因此她中途借机骗乘客下了车，后来她吃惊地发现乘客遗留在她车上的包里带有血迹的斧头。

1.A.因果推断题。原文中的推断依据是全文的第一、二句话。可以看出女司机是同情这位搭车的老妇人。

2.D.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。根据题干关键词“Andrea afraid”找到原文中的出处——第五段第二句。“blood froze”就是恐惧的表现。但答案在前面的问句中。

3.C.因果推断题。可以从原文中第五段至第七段对Andrea一连串行为的描述，可以推断那时出于恐惧，Andrea急中生智，想到办法来摆脱这一可怕的乘客。

4.D.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。根据题干关键词“looked in the passenger’s bag”找到原文中的出处——倒数第三段最后一句。

5.B.推断题。Andrea因为发现乘客遗留在她车上的包里带有血迹的斧头而尖叫，据此可以做的合理推断就是B。

Passage Two

［短文大意］本文是一篇典型的说明文，介绍了荷兰在水上建造住房、商店道路的计划。文章解释了荷兰准备启动这一计划的客观原因：荷兰的严重缺乏陆地空间，经常面临洪水的威胁；并介绍了这一计划的具体设想。

1.B.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。根据题干关键词“The Netherlands plans to...on water”找到原文中的出处——全文的第一句，然后去掉和题干表述相同的地方，该句所剩的“desperately short of living space and dangerously prone to flooding”就是答案。指出了两点原因：严重缺乏陆地空间，经常面临洪水的威胁。正确答案B针对的是后一个原因。“dangerously prone to flooding”和“constantly threatened by”是同义表述。

2.A.推断题。“每个人都在问我们为什么没有早做这件事？”引用这一稍嫌夸张的说法作者想体现人们对这一计划的认可赞同。

3.D.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。本题在原文中的出处是第四段第一句，主要是考查对长句的理解。A选项修饰的是“flat-bottomed boats”，而非“floating houses”，所以正确答案是D。

4.A.推断题。通过对文章第七段的分析，可以看出设计者们之所以会有建造这一水上温室的想法，是因为这句话中独立结构做的原因状语所表达的荷兰有很多地方转向“market gardening”和“intensive cultivation of flowers and vegetables”，所以可以推断他们的设计一定可以迎合这种趋势。

5.D.句意理解题。主要是理解词组“in the pipeline”就是“在计划中，即将开始”。

Passage Three

［短文大意］本文是一篇介绍个人求职经历的记叙文。作者介绍了他的一次失败了的求职经历，并谈到了他当时的感受和之后的领悟：他失败的原因就是他缺乏从事地铁保安工作和邮递员工作等所要求的责任意识。

1.A.原因细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。本题在原文中的出处是全文第一句，主要是要清楚指代关系。

2.D.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。根据题干关键词“overqualified”找到原文中的出处——第一段的最后一句，但答案在之前的一句中，作者想象的“I could see myself being cheerful，useful，a good man in a crisis”就是答案。

3.B.演绎推断题。推断的概括性前提是第二段倒数第三句“Obviously the long interviews were the more successful ones”说明面试时间长的是成功的面试，他的面试时间仅为一分半钟，所以只能是失败的。

4.B.主观态度推断题。根据关键词“psychologist”找到其在原文中的出处——第三段倒数第二句。关键是要抓住定语从句的修饰作用，并能辨认“lack of sensitivity”是答案选项B中的“unsympathetic”的同义词。

5.D.归纳推断题。从文章最后一段的作者的反思中可以归纳出当时他并不具备那些工作所要求的基本素质。注意：“least qualified”和“unsuitable”是意思相近的表述。

Passage Four

［短文大意］本文是一篇问题分析型的论说文。文章开头首先提出问题：最近汽车盗窃的犯罪率不断上升，然后分析了导致这一社会问题的原因，最后提供了解决问题的办法，告诫司机什么行为是应该避免的。

1.D.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。根据题干关键词“credit card”找到原文中的出处——第三段的最后一句，然后去掉和题干表述相同的地方，该句所剩的“providing the car thief with a golden opportunity”就是答案。“providing the car thief with a golden opportunity”和“aids a car thief in away”是同义的表述。

2.D.归纳推断题。可按照答案选项逐一回原文中定位。本题在原文中的出处是第一段和第二段最后一句。根据第一段可将A、B和C选项排除。

3.A.细节题中的NOT TRUE或EXCEPT题型，可按照答案选项逐一回原文中定位。本题在原文中的出处是倒数第二段，属于分散列举。只有A是文中没有提到过的方式。

4.B.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。本题在原文中的出处——第五段第一句。注意：“whenever you leave the car-and for however short a period”和“at any time”是同义的表述。

5.D.猜测词义题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中对该词的解释。最后一段第一句是其在原文中的出处。需通过归纳该段后面的具体解释来了解“safe parking”指的就是“park in places with people around”。

Passage Five

［短文大意］本文是一篇典型的驳斥性论说文。作者通过分析网络、MTV、运动服装和软饮料等经济全球化的标志性事物给我们生活带来的便利，表明了自己对全球化趋势的认可。

1.B.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。根据题干关键词“people feel sad about globalization”找到原文中的出处——全文第一句，然后去掉和题干表述相同的地方，该句所剩的“the rich pattern of local life is being undermined”就是答案。注意：“diversified”和“rich”是同义词。

2.A.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。根据题干关键词“Internet was originally designed”找到原文中的出处——第二段的第二句，主要是考对长句的理解。“the sector for which it was originally designed”是“education”的同位语。

3.B.主观态度推断题。可以套用公式主观态度≈主旨+阐述主旨的用词。从作者谈到“globalization”的用词，都是褒义词，谈到的都是好处、便利，因此可以归纳出作者对“globalization”是持支持赞同的态度。

4.D.暗指题。据题干关键词“Nike and Coca-cola”找到原文中的出处——第四段的第一句和第二句。真正考查的是能否理解“Sportswear and soft drinks are harm less products when compared to the many other things that have been globally available for a longer period of time-heroin and cocaine，for example”这个长句。该句的意思是：“当和已经长期存在的有些东西，例如：海洛因和可卡因相比，‘Nike and Coca-cola’是非常无害的东西，因此不需引起如此严重的关注。”

5.C.主旨题。可套用公式主旨≈全文主题句。全文主题句出现在第一段段末，意思是：我们应当想想全球化给我们生活带来的便利，让我们坦然面对全球化的到来。这一主旨在文章的最后一段再次得到重申。

2002年

Passage One

［短文大意］本文是一篇传记类文章。主要记叙了美国一位知名作家Grisham职业生涯、个人经历在写作和其他方面取得的成就。

1.A.推断题。结合排除法做题。这个题属于职业确定的题，全文都涉及Grisham所做的事情的介绍，这个题基本贯穿全文，做贯穿全文的题不用读全文，主要依靠首末段来判断。末段谈到Grisham梦想成为一个“professional baseball player”显然是陷阱，起混淆作用，所以答案应该在第一段，应当特别注意过去时间点的表述和过去时的使用，因此正确答案只能是A。

2.B.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。他的第一篇小说是“A Time to Kill”答案在第二段前两句话里。第二段讲得很清楚，因为一桩强奸案，他要写小说。

3.C.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。根据题干关键词“A Time to Kill”答案在其前面的一句话里。第二段讲得很清楚，因为一桩强奸案，他要写小说，设想如果女孩的父亲要报仇，会发生怎样的故事。

4.D.细节题中的NOT TRUE或EXCEPT题型，可套用公式正确答案≠原文中某一句话的表达。D选项的意思是“纽约时报连载了这部小说”和原文中第二段倒数第二句的表述“该小说蝉联纽约时报畅销书排行榜47周”不符。

5.A.推断题。答案在全文第二句话里，去掉该句中和题干意思相同的表述，所剩的就是答案。所以答案应该是A。文章最后谈到他为了实现少年时代的梦想，用自己的钱建了棒球场，这样很多年轻人可以打棒球。

Passage Two

［短文大意］本文是一篇在世界范围内普及全民素质教育的论说文。文章在第一段首先说明了素质教育的重大意义，然后谈到到2015年时要在世界范围内实现让所有的孩子都能接受小学教学的计划，并分析指出实现这一计划的困难和应采取的必要措施。

1.B.归纳推断题。第一段谈到素质教育能够使人们摆脱贫困，改善自身的生活，促进社会进步。通过归纳这些素质教育带来的好处，可以判断答案应该是B。

2.A.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。根据题干中数字关键词回原文中定位，其在原文中的出处是第二段的第一句话。将该句中与题干重复的信息，所剩的就是答案，即人们理想的目标是要所有的儿童能够接受小学教育。答案应该是A。

3.B.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。文中说如果按基本的标准来评价，则59个国家都不能实现教育的目标。

4.D.细节题中的NOT TRUE或EXCEPT题型，可按照答案选项逐一回原文中定位。第三段中对选项A，B和C都谈到，而D选项没有谈到，所以答案是D。

5.A.推断题。根据题干关键词找到其在原文中的出处——全文最后一段的两句话。分析可以看出，这两句话都提到了能否有效利用国外的援助，需满足一些必要的条件，很大程度上取决于政策、机构和管理等因素。因此，A是正确答案。

Passage Three

［短文大意］本文是一篇介绍亚洲狮子保护问题的说明文。文章主要介绍了印度亚洲狮子自然保护区的现状和面临的困难，并介绍了生活其中的狮子的生存状态。

1.B.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。根据题干关键词“Asian lions”找到其在原文中的出处——第一段最后一句。该句中的定语从句“that spit from African lions”就是答案，所以正确答案选项应该是B。注意：B选项中的“descend from”是原句中“spit from”的同义词。

2.A.归纳推断题。作者在观察狮子时发现狮子不像老虎那样躲藏着，而是“curious”和“unafraid”，并允许作者靠近仔细观察，因此最为合适的选项应该是A。

3.B.句意理解题。关键是理解“frantic affair”在上下文中的意思，这可以通过分析其后所举的具体例子来判断，特别是“there is no need to fight for a cut of the kill”，所以答案应该是B。

4.A.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。可以根据题干关键词“vulnerable to disease”找到其在原文中的出处——第二段倒数第三句话，然后去掉该句中与题干重复的表述，所剩部分就是答案。狮子容易得病的原因是过于近亲繁殖，所以答案应该是A。

5.A.细节题。可套用上述公式。可以根据题干关键词“India is creating a secondary sanctuary”找到其在原文中的出处——第二段倒数第六句话，但该句仅是题干的内容，而真正的答案在其上下文中。根据文中说道“Gir has as many lions as it can hold-too many，in fact.”，这句话表明狮子的数量已经太多超出了Gir所能容纳的范围，所以印度要开辟第二个保护区。选A。

Passage Four

［短文大意］本文是一篇介绍个人经历的记叙文。作者介绍了他退休后为岛上的穷人开办免费诊所的经历，表达了他要为他人做点什么的想法，而这一想法是受到了他父亲在他小时候经常对他们说的话的启发。

1.D.主旨题。可以通过排除法做题，答案应该是D，文章最后一段用转折的形式强调了父亲的话的重要性。

2.A.细节题。文章一开始就说作者是一个“medical”，后面谈到它招募了很多资源的医疗工作者，包括内科医生、护士和牙科医生来充实自己建立的诊所。

3.B.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。可以根据题干关键词“Volunteers in Medicine”找到其在原文中的出处——第三段第三句话，据此可以判断答案应该是B，为需要的人提供免费医疗。

4.D.细节题。文中第三段最后一句谈到作者费了很大的工夫帮助退休的医生拿到特殊的营业执照，所以答案应该是D。

5.B.推断题。说明我父亲的话在McNeil那儿得到验证。答案应该选B。

Passage Five

［短文大意］本文是一篇探讨成功和诚实之间的关系的论说文。文章首段通过举一位畅销作家被揭穿编造个人经历的事例，指出现在有些名人、成功人士人格与名声不符，会有对公众撒谎、剽窃别人作品等诚信方面的问题。

1.C.归纳推断题。这个题的答案应该是C，根据四个答案选项可以回到原文中逐一定位，四个选项全部出在文章的第一段。与原文表述一致的只有C。

2.B.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。可以根据题干关键词“served in the army”找到其在原文中的出处——第二段第一句话，然后去掉该句中与题干重复的表述，所剩部分就是答案。答案是B，因为该句明确说在参战时，他没有到森林中参加战斗而是在西点军校教课。

3.D.细节题中的列举题型。这个题的答案应该是D，因为前面几个选项都是Ellis没有真实报道的，都可以在原文中找到出处。

4.A.猜测词义题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中对该词的解释。第二段最后一句是其在原文中的出处。但是，上下文对该词的解释却出现在其前一句中。通过分析，可以看出这两句话表达的意思是：一些著名人士往往是在成名后开始说谎来美化自己的过去，因此不太可能是为了成功或出名。“to climb the ladder”意味着想取得更大的成功。

5.B.细节题。可套用公式正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话-题干关键词。其在原文中的出处是在全文最后一句。最后一段明确说出成功人士往往在别人看来丝毫不脆弱，但是内心特别脆弱。所以答案只能是B。关键词组“anything but”的意思是“only”；答案选项中的“weak”是原文中的同义词“fragile”。