第二十四课 还盘与反还盘
参考译文
◎背景简介
长沙外贸进出口公司和美国远东外贸公司之间的价格争议继续进行。买主布朗先生想要得到更加优惠的报盘,卖主张先生坚持他自己的价格,谈判陷入了僵局。最后双方各让一半,买卖圆满成功。
◎情景会话
1.讨价还价(1)
Z:看过报价单吗,布朗先生?
B:别着急,我马上把报价单看一遍……啊,张先生,你不是在开玩笑吧。我一看便可告诉你,你们的价格太高了,拿丝绸来说,你们的价格比日本的要高出25%,因此,按这样的价格买进,我方实难推销。
Z:布朗先生,当然我不是在开玩笑。你也许注意到了,自从上月以来,这些商品在国际市场上的价格大大上涨了,因为近来生产成本涨了许多。我们也不得不相应地调整销售价,和国际市场的价格相比,我们提供的价格还是相当合理的,有竞争力的。
B:恐怕我不同意你的看法,你们的价格比我们刚从别处得到的价格要高,比方说日本的报价就比较低。
Z:但是,你应当考虑质量,你知道中国丝绸闻名于全世界,中国的棉织品也一样,我们的产品质量高,结合质量加以考虑,我们的价格是合理的,优惠的。
B:是的,我知道你们的质量好。这就是我们为什么进口你方产品的原因。但价格不能那么高。我们也从其他国家进口同类产品,质量几乎同你们的一样。但价格通常低于你们的15%。所以我认为客户很难接受你方的价格。以这个价格我们是谈不到一块了。我们只要求你方的价格和别人的差不多。我想,这该合理吧!
2.讨价还价(2)
Z:你能还盘把你方认为合适的价格谈一下吗?
B:我希望你们减价15%,因为我们很难说服顾客以这种价格购买。
Z:我们恐怕很难接受你方的还盘。关于这种商品的行情,我相信你们是清楚的,这些是我们的畅销货。即使有些国家的同类商品正在削价抛售,目前我们的产品仍然供不应求,我们不能在价格上作过多削减。
B:如果真是这样,那就没有必要再谈下去了,整个交易就此告吹。我们的谈判就半途而废。
Z:我的意思是,我们不可能把价格减到你说的程度,距离太大了。好吧,我认为双方坚持自己的价格是不明智的。为了成交,我们很愿意做些让步。请你大概谈下要订购多少,以便我们能对价格作相应的调整。
B:我们的订货量在很大的程度上取决于价格,我们先解决价格问题吧。
3.买方要求减价
Z:好吧,如果你们订货量大,我们准备减价2%。
B:我说你方的价格太高,并不是说只高出2%~3%,和15%相比,减2%等于没减。
Z:那么你说多少,能否谈一个大概数字?你的意思是要我减价15%,对吗?
B:你方服装的单价比我方能接受的平均高出40美元,丝绸每码要高20美元,我建议各让一半。
Z:你的意思是我们的服装单价必须削减20美元,而丝绸每码削减10美元,那不可能。你怎么能期望我减那么多呢?
B:坦率地对你说,我能从另一个供应商处获得报价,价格比你们的低多了。如果你们坚持现有的价格,我只好接受另一家的报盘。如果我们各让一半,买卖就可以成功。
4.各让一半
Z:布朗先生,按照你所说的,我真不知道怎样才能把这笔买卖做成功,如果我们按照你要求的价格出售,我们就要亏本了。 我们各让一半吧,共同努力才能使我们前进一步。
B:你的意见呢?
Z:充其量我们服装的单价再减10美元,丝绸每码再减5美元,这是我们的最低价。不能再减价了。
B:好吧,为了成交,我接受你方的丝绸价格,但服装单价还有10元的差距,再各让一半吧,这样差距就会弥合,业务就会成交了。
Z:布朗先生,你真有办法把我说服了。好吧,为了友谊起见,我们可以每件再降5元。
B:非常高兴,在价格问题上我们已达成了协议,交易就按此价格敲定。
5.谈论折扣问题
B:张先生,此次,我打算大批订货,但你要给我方折扣,否则不可能成交。
Z:原则上我们是不给折扣的,因为我们在价格上做出了很大让步。
B:当我们向其他供应商订这么多货时,我们通常可以得到很大的折扣。
Z:但是我认为你很难从别处得到这样优惠的价格。
B:我们订这么多的货,折扣多少还是要给的吧。
Z:考虑到我们之间长期的贸易关系,我们给予3%的特殊折扣。
B:3%的折扣?太少了。我们从欧洲的出口商那里通常得到10%的折扣。
Z:恐怕不能给你这么高的折扣。这样的话,我们就无利可图了。好吧,布朗先生,考虑到这是一种新产品,为了开拓市场,我们也许能给你浮动折扣。
B:你能说得更具体一些吗?
Z:是这样的,假设你们的订单达到10万美元,我们给百分之三的折扣。订单超过30万美元,折扣增加到百分之五。40万美元就是百分之七,以此类推。
B:你的建议似乎是合理的。好吧,为了成交,我接受了。
◎参考答案
I.Comprehension questions on situational conversation:
1.Because Mr.Brown, the buyer wants to get the favorable offer, and Mr.Zhang, the seller thinks that the quality of his products is higher than that of others, and insists on his own prices.
2.Mr.Brown thinks that the prices of silks are much too high, almost 25% higher than those of Japan, so he can’t accept the prices of silks because it would be difficult for him to sell the goods.
3.Because the cost of production has risen a great deal recently.
4.He wants to explain to Mr.Brown that the prices of his products are reasonable, and persuade Mr.Brown to buy his products.
5.Firstly, Mr.Brown pointed out that the prices of Mr.Zhang’s goods are much too high, even almost 25% higher than those of Japanese goods.Then he emphasized the difficulty of the end users’ acceptance to the prices.Finally he asked for reduction of the prices.
6.At first, Mr.Zhang pointed out that the prices for these commodities have gone up a lot in the international market because the cost of production has risen a great deal recently.Then he emphasized the good quality of his products.He said, “The Chinese silks are famous all over the world, and so are the Chinese piece goods.Taking the quality into consideration, I think our prices are reasonable and favorable.”
7.Because he may adjust his prices according to the size of Mr.Brown’s order, that is, if the order is large enough, Mr.Zhang would reduce his prices accordingly.This is a principle of small profits but quick turnover.
8.Yes, it is.Because the price gap is too great.
9.I think the best way to put the business through is to meet each other halfway because mutual efforts would carry the buyer and the seller a step forward.
10.Giving a suitable discount may be the other term to put the business through.
II.Complete the following dialogues:
1.B:Well, it may appear a little higher, but the quality of our products is much better than that of other suppliers.You must take this into consideration.
2.B:Don’t you know the prices of raw material have risen a great deal since last month and the prices of these commodities have gone up a lot in international market?
3.B:I’m afraid it’s rather on the high side.There would be little likelihood of concluding business on basis of your quotation, which is evidently out of line.
4.B:In fact, the price we have quoted is already below that of the international market.Further reduction on our price would leave us with little or no profit.
5.B:I think so long as both of us meet each other halfway, our business will be concluded successfully.
6.B:Considering the high quality of your sugar, what about US$500 per M/T.
7.B:Well, in order to get the business, we are quite willing to make some concessions.Would you give me an idea at what price you wish to strike the deal?
8.B:I’m sorry we are still unable to agree with you.It’s still far from what we can accept.
9.B:It’s impossible.Such a big discount means that it won’t leave us anything.I think our maximum is 5%.
III.Make sentences with the following:
1.I have just gone over your quotation sheet and found your prices are much too high.
2.National income has gone up by 10 percent this year because we have practiced the policy of reforming and opening our doors to the outside world.
3.The deal was called off at the last moment.
4.The success of the launch depends on the publicity.
5.On the average, £100 worth if goods are sold every day.
6.The gap between the buyer and the seller was too big, but they have pulled the business through after mutual negotiation.
7.The buyer tried to talk the seller into making concessions in price.
8.For the sake of safety, we suggest that you should use wooden box as outer packing.
9.No matter how big the gap is between the buyer and seller, they want to pull this business through.
10.Our company adopts a sliding scale wage system.
IV.Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English, then use them to replace the italicized parts in the sentences:
1.① quotation sheet
② catalogue
③ order or indent
④ sales contract
⑤ agent agreement
⑥ English fax
2.① have risen a bit
② have soared
③ haven’t Changed much
④ have been reduced greatly
⑤ have been cut down a great deal
⑥ have been adjusted accordingly
3.① somewhat lower than you expected
② reasonable as compared with those in the international market
③ more competitive than those of similar Japanese products
④ lower than those you got from elsewhere
⑤ will make you more satisfactory
⑥ will attract more customers
4.① accept your counter-offer
② give you 10% discount
③ sell your goods at such a price
④ make a further reduction of the price
⑤ to conclude the transaction at this price
⑥ supply so many goods and make prompt shipment
5.① impossible for us to make further reduction of the prices
② difficult for us to persuade our endusers to accept your price
③ impracticable for us to reduce the price by 5%
④ necessary for each to make another concession
⑤ worthwhile for us to advertise (the products) on TV
⑥ uneasy for us to persuade our customers to buy your goods at this price
6.① settle the matter of commission at first
② discuss the matter of payment by installments
③ adjust our prices of our products
④ see your samples firstly
⑤ see the quotations on the international market
⑥ strike the deal at US$4,000 per M/T
7.① we can’t accept your offer
② we can’t set our price below the cost
③ the lowest we can do is US$40 per dozen, CIF Los Angeles and can’t go any further
④ US$30 is really not acceptable
⑤ we have to call the deal off if you still insist on your original quotation
⑥ we can only make a reduction of US$5 per M/T in the price
8.① we give you such favourable offer
② we are willing to make some concession in terms of payment
③ we may make a 2% reduction of the price
④ we have made you a firm offer at this price
⑤ we may accept your bid
⑥ we’ll meet your needs
V.Read and translate the following mini dialogues:
1.讨价还价(1)
A:价格是多少?我们很关心价格问题。
B:你会觉得我们的价格很有竞争力。每公吨伦敦到岸价3 000英镑。
A:我必须指出,这个价格太高,我不能接受。几乎比我从其他买主处所获得的价格高出百分之五十。
B:可是,你应当考虑质量问题。我们的货不是大路货。将质量加以考虑,你会觉得我们的价格是合理的。
2.讨价还价(2)
A:如果我们以这个价格买进,很难推销。
B:你是我们的老顾客啦。你知道我们不喜欢讨价还价,我们的报盘是符合国际市场行情的。
A:但是我们不能说服我们的用户接受你方的价格,因为他们和其他供应商相比觉得你方价格偏高。
B:不能离开质量来谈价格,如果货物质量好,用户是不在乎价格的。
3.调价
A:这种产品的价格是多少?
B:这种商品的价格是每公吨1 500 英镑。
A:贵方价格上升了许多,原因何在?
B:生产成本上升了许多,我们只好相应地提高销售价,事实上这个价格我们几乎无利可图。
A:但就我所知,采用新技术,可以增加生产,降低单位成本。
B:对不起,这一点我不同意你的看法。产量增加了,但消费增加得更快。
4.暂停发盘
A:请原谅我们未能对你方的询价做出更积极的反应。
B:没什么,天有不测风云,对吧?
A:事情是这样的,收到你们的询价时,世界市场正受到金融危机的冲击,使我们很难发实盘。现在,这场风暴总算过去了,起码暂时过去了。
B:当然,我理解你的处境,但现在情况好了。我们为此而感到高兴。我希望你们重新斟酌一下价格,使之与国际市场一致。
A:那么,给我宽容一些时间,我得和总公司联系一下。
B:那好。听到信息,请速告我方。
5.还盘
A:我们认为贵方的价格太高了。我们最近从别处得到一些报价,大多每吨都在1 500美元以下。
B:我认为我们的报价是合理的。从这张报价单上,你可以看出我们的报价不是漫天要价。好吧,让我听听你的还盘吧!
A:通过许多计算,为了友谊起见,我们愿意承担相当的落价风险,给你方还个价:每吨利物浦到岸1 000美元。
B:你方还盘太低了。你们应当清楚:原材料和工人的工资的价格上涨了许多。1 400美元怎么样?
A:好吧,我们接受你方的还盘,这笔买卖以利物浦到岸价每吨1 400美元成交。
B:谢谢你方在价格上做出的让步。
6.索取5%的折扣(1)
A:哟,你们所报的蝴蝶牌缝纫机比去年138号几乎要高10%,以你们这种价格,在本地市场根本销不出去。我建议给我们5%的特殊折扣,以便能继续我们的业务往来。
B:对不起,A先生。我们不能把价格降到你要求的水平。我们的价格经过了精密的计算,利润是很小的。通常,对这种商品,我们是不给折扣的。
A:我们买这么多的货,折扣多少还是要给的吧!我们从欧洲出口商那里常得到8%的折扣。
B:A先生。你真有办法说服我接受你方的条款。好吧,我们破例给你们5%的折扣。
A:谢谢,我接受2%的折扣。现在我们就5 000台蝴蝶牌缝纫机达成协议:每台旧金山到岸价120美无。收到信用证后30天装船。我们立即开出有关信用证。
B:很高兴,我们成功地达成了这次交易,但愿这是我们会后业务的一个良好的开端。
7.索取折扣(2)
A:你方的价格是合理的。但你们能否给一点折扣?你知道,像这样的商品,我们通常从欧洲供货商那儿得到百分之二到百分之三的折扣。
B:我们通常只报净价。我们的许多客户都在此基础上生意做得很好!
A:折扣或多或少能给我们一些鼓励,能使我们更加努力地推销贵方的产品。
B:你们订的数量比其他客户少多了。如果能增加一点,我们会考虑给予适当折扣。
A:作为试购,这个数量绝不算小了。一般来说,试购总应得些利润,希望你方能满足我们的要求。
B:由于我们这是第一次交易,我们同意作为特殊照顾给你百分之一的折扣。
A:百分之一?那太少了。能不能想法增加到百分之二。
B:恐怕不能办到了。我们确实已作了很大让步,无法再加了。
B:看来,这是我唯一能接受的条件了。明天我再来和你们谈谈细节。
B:好吧!明天见。
8.各让一半
A:如果你方价格优惠,我们马上订货。
B:如果你方订货量大,我们可以考虑价格问题。
A:我们能不能各做一些让步?
B:让我们各让一半,生意就可成交。
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