第二十八课 商检与保险
参考译文
◎背景简介
商检和保险在外贸中是非常重要的,在装运前和抵达后,货物必须由公认的公证行进行检验。为了保护货物在运输途中不受损失,买方或卖方必须向保险公司申请保险。张先生今天准备和布朗先生讨论商检与保险问题。
◎情景会话
1.明确商检权力
Z:今天上午我们谈谈商检问题,好吗,布朗先生?
B:完整、严格的商品检验对保证即将购买的商品质量是不可缺少的一环。
Z:首先我们应当明确商检的权力。
B:你们进出口货的检验条款是怎样规定的?
Z:根据检验条款,在装船前,必须由双方公认的公证行进行检验。公证行出示的质量和数量证明可作为议付依据,货到后,由目的港的商检局进行复检,目的港所在的商检局提供的检验证明将作为索赔的依据。
B:那就是说,出口商在装运前先检验,进口商在货到进行复检,对吗?
Z:你讲得对,这在今天的国际贸易中是常见的。
B:很合理,买卖双方的利益都考虑到了。
2.怎样检验商品
B:张先生,请告诉我,装运前,商检怎样进行 ?由谁进行?
Z:我方出口商品将由中国商品检验局进行检验,该局以公正闻名全球。
B:检验何时进行。
Z:检验通常是在装运前五天内进行。
B:对此商品他们用什么方法进行检查和分析?
Z:他们总是按合同规定的标准和方法进行检测。
B:要是合同里没有明确规定标准和方法呢?
Z:那就用国际标准或国际上惯用的方法。
3.希望通过谈判解决分歧
Z:关于商检,我方的做法已被证实是合理的,而且被许多外国顾客所接受。
B:是的,我也认为此做法是合理的,但是复检应在什么时候进行?
Z:按照国际惯例,对该商品复检应在货物抵达后十天内进行,如有索赔,必须在三十天内提出。但我方不接受属于承运人或保险人责任的索赔。
B:如进行复检,我方可否不经贵方同意,就指派可靠的检验公证人?
Z:为顺利履约和避免不必要的争议,最好提出检验机构的名称,经双方同意,在合同中注明。
B:复检和初检结果万一有点出入怎么办?
Z:我们就召集双方的专家和检验人员来开个研讨会,鉴定哪一个正确。
B:此后,我建议我们通过友好协商解决分歧,不要诉诸仲裁了。
Z:但愿如此。
4.谈论保险类别(1)
B:张先生,我想了解一下你们的保险条款中有哪些险别?
Z:我们有平安险,水渍险和综合险三种。
B:保险责任的起止日期是多长?
Z:被保险的货物在最后卸载港卸离海轮后,保险责任以六十天为限。
B:“一切险”和“一切海运险”有什么区别?
Z:两者的区别是:以“一切海洋运输险” 投保,其损失的赔偿只限于因海上灾难和海运意外事故所引起的损失;而保“一切险”,在整个承保期内的任何时间,不论在海上或陆上所产生的意外事故,其全部损失都予以赔偿。
B:你能为我们加保破碎险吗?
Z:是的,可以。破碎险属于一种附加险,我们可以为你们加保破碎险。
B:加保破碎险的费用由谁负责?
Z:增加的费用由买方负责。
5.谈论保险类别(2)
B:我对保险还有点不清楚,根据你们惯常用的CIF价格条件,所保的是哪些险别?
Z:包括综合险和战争险,按发票金额的110%投保。
B:你的意思是:破碎险、渗漏险、偷盗提货不着险、钩损险、沾污险都包括在内吗?
Z:是的,你讲得对。
B:罢工、暴动与民变险你们也承保吗?
Z:如果你们投保,保险公司也承保。
B:顺便问一下,保险费怎么计算?
Z:只是全部货物所有价值的一个百分点,很低。
6.我该投保什么险?
B:你考虑过吗?今后的交易,你们能不能做CFR 价格条款?价格可以减去多少?
Z:中国人民保险公司收费很少,实际上对CIF价格没有多大影响。大体上讲,CIF和CFR之间的差价大约为0.3%,当然,保险费根据商品性质,投保险别以及目的港的不同而不同。
B:0.3%,听起来很合理。我还有个问题。
Z:什么问题?但愿我能帮助你。
B:如果我们采取CIF旧金山价运一批纺织品,我们该投保什么险?
Z:那样的话,你不必投保综合险。
B:为什么?
Z:你明白,纺织品不是易碎物,运输途中不易损坏,平安险足够了。
B:可是平安险不是不赔部分损失吗?
Z:也是的。那就投保水渍险吧,水渍险赔偿任何情况下的部分损失,这样,水渍险对你更适合。
B:怎样计算保险费?
Z:只是你全部货物的所有价值的一个百分比,非常低。
◎参考答案
I.Comprehension questions on situational conversation:
1.He is going to negotiate the matter of commodity inspection and insurance with Mr.Brown.
2.Because careful and proper commodity inspection is an indispensable part to ensure the quality of the goods to be purchased.
3.Yes, I do.Because insurance company will manage to protect the goods against possible losses and damage in transit.In case of losses or damage, the insurance company will be responsible for indemnification.
4.The commodity inspection bureau at the port of shipment can issue the certificate of quality and quantity to be taken as the basis for negotiation payment.
5.The certificate issued by the commodity inspection bureau at the port of destination can serve as the basis for filing a claim.
6.Our exports will usually be inspected by China commodity Inspection Bureau, which enjoys international reputation for impartiality.
7.The reinspection should be conducted within 10 days upon the arrival of the goods according to the international practice.
8.No, he can’t.In order to carry out the contract smoothly and avoid unnecessary disputes, it’s best to name the inspection agency which shall be approved by both sides and be stipulated in the contract.
9.A seminar of technical specialists including the surveyors from both sides will be held to clarify which result is correct.
10.No, it’s not so high.That’s a percentage of the total value of the goods to be covered.
II.Complete the following dialogues:
1.B:Yes, we did.The goods will be inspected by state Administration for the Inspection of Import & export Commodities.It will then issue a certificate of quality and a certificate of weight.These certificates will be taken as final basis and binding.
2.B:I can assure you that is not likely to happen.Our goods must be up to export standards before the Inspection Bureau let them pass.
3.B:In that case I don’t think the responsibility should rest with us.The goods must be spoiled, or weight gets short during transit.We are not responsible for any damage which happens during transit.A claim would then be lodged with the insurance company.
4.B:None whatsoever.The quality and performance of our computers can stand every possible test.We agree to your terms and conditions.
5.B:Mr.A, our Inspection Bureau will issue a Veterinary Inspection certificate to show that the shipment is in conformity with export standard.
6.B:Your request is understandable.Well, I’ll get in touch with the inspection bureau and see what they have to say.
7.B:It covers all risks and war risks at 110% invoice value, also including risks of Breakage, leakage, TPND, hook and contamination damage.
8.B:We’ll only issue W.P.A.
9.B:Risk of breakage is classified under extraneous risks.We can cover the risk of breakage for you, but the additional premium is for your count.
10.B:The premium is calculated according to the premium rate or rates for risks to be covered.
III.Make sentences with the following:
1.The negotiation has gone down to the problem of shipment.
2.You should take these facts into account.
3.I’ll apply to the bank for an L/C to be opened as soon as I get home.
4.This point is laid down in plain terms in the contract.
5.The plan should be carried out immediately.
6.We have noticed that you intend to develop business with us in this line, which coincides with our desire.
7.The secretary submitted a report of the next meeting to the general manager.
8.We wish to cover the goods With Particular Average.
9.They have taken 50% off all goods in that boutique.
10.Sound export packing is necessary to protect the goods against (from) the strain of long ocean voyage.
IV.Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English, then use them to replace the italicized words or phrases in the sentences:
1.① the results between the first inspection and reinspection do not coincide with each other
② there is shortweight or disqualification
③ you couldn’t meet our delivery dates
④ we couldn’t agree on the prevailing world market prices
⑤ for one reason or another, we weren’t able to buy as many as we wrote down in the contract for one year or you couldn’t supply us with as many as in the contract
2.① on what basis you sell the goods
② at what port the transshipment will be made
③ when the reinspection will be conducted
④ by whom the goods will be covered; How do you calculate the premium
⑤ how do you calculate the premium
3.① what types of coverage your insurance company usually underwrite
② what’s the difference between WPA and FPA
③ what is the scope of these two basic cover
④ what we shall do if there is shortweight or disqualification
⑤ when is the first time for this lot of the goods
4.① you would like to make sure whether the sanitary condition is suitable for the international standard
② the inspection standard shows that the goods are in conformity with export standard
③ you’ll get in touch with the Inspection Bureau and see what they have to say
④ you are going to give us a 5% discount if we increase our order by 5,000 sets
⑤ An appropriate price should be around 500 euros per ton, CIF Marseilles
5.① should the L/C be valued
② does it take you to make delivery
③ is the period from your opening L/C to the date your clients pay to you
④ will this lot of goods arrive in San Francisco
⑤ will the time draft be sent to us for our acceptance
V.Read and translate the following mini dialogues:
1.销售货物的标准
A:B先生,你以什么标准来销售你方的货物?
B:我们已经指明,我们总是以长沙商检局出示的质量和重量说明书为准来销售货物的,这些证明书是最后的依据,并对双方有约束力。
A:如果货物抵达时,发现短重或质量和数量不合格怎么办?
B:我向你保证不会发生这种情况,我们的货物只有在合乎标准后商检局才能放行的。
A:我知道贵方产品声誉很好,但万一发生短重和质量不合格怎么办?
B:在那种情况下,责任不在我方,货物一定是在运输途中受到损坏,以致重量减少,那就应该向保险公司提出索赔。
2.要求开出动物检疫证
A:还有一件事,B先生。由于我们这笔买卖是冻肉,我们想要弄清楚,卫生标准是否合乎美国政府的要求。
B:A先生,我方商检局将出示动物检疫证以证明货物符合出口标准。
A:你们能否给我方再出示一个证明书,证明货物没受放射线的污染。你知道,我们的有些顾客对这一点很敏感。
B:贵方的要求可以理解,好吧,我们将和商检局联系,听听他们的意见。
3.怎样解决索赔问题
A:关于商检和索赔,还有什么问题?
B:什么问题也没有。我们的货物经得起一切可能的测试。我们同意你方的条款。
A:你也同意这么一条——所有争论,如果解决不了,就提交中国国际贸易促进委员会的仲裁委员会去解决?
B:当然可以。不过我相信根本没有必要进行仲裁。
4.谈论商检机构
A:最后一点,商检应由湖南商检局进行,其检验结果是最后依据,对双方有约束力。
B:是的,我们同意这一点,我们对你方的商检机构很信任。通过多年与贵方交往,我们深信贵方的商业信誉。
A:谢谢,你大可放心好了。我们将尽一切可能防止低劣商品流入国外,然而,如果有什么争论,我们希望通过友好会谈来解决。
B:难怪大家都说你们的商业信誉是有口皆碑的。
5.提出索赔
A:我们很想谈谈关于300箱干蘑菇的质量问题。医药卫生部对这些货物已发出了“停售通知”,我们对质量不合格提出索赔。
B:你们有什么证据吗?希望你们提供卫生检疫所签发的证书。
A:这是我国一家著名的公正行发出的。这可以作证吧!
B:这批货在装船前是由中国商品检验局进行检验的。不应当有什么质量问题。这批货的损坏是不是在运输途中造成的?
A:也许吧。这批货的损坏也许是在运输途中发生的。你方应负赔偿责任。
B:我们的买卖是以FOB 条款成交的,运输途中发生任何损失,要求索赔,我方不予受理。
6.谈论保险率
A:我想将这批货物按发票金额的30%来投保,你认为可以吗?
B:我想可以,但请注意,我们的保险范围只是发票金额的 110%。如果要求投保更高的险别,那么,130%和 110%之间的差额所引起的额外保险费该由买方负责。
A:现在,我明白了。那么,请你按发票金额的 130%向中国人民保险公司投保水渍险和战争险。
B:我会照办的,一旦货物发出,我立即投保,这点请你放心。
7.我保什么险更好
A:如果我们以上海到岸价运一批机床,我们该保什么险?
B:那样的话,你不必投保一切险。
A:为什么?
B:因为机床不是易碎货物,在途中不易损坏。平安险足够了。
8.应由买方保险
A:请为我们这批货物保破碎险。
B:你们这批货物是以FOB价成交的,应由你方自己负责投保。
A:我想向中国人民保险公司投保综合险,目的港是旧金山。保险费率是多少?
B:中国人民保险公司的保险费合理,只是货价的一个百分比,很低。
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