掌握特殊句型

Ⅳ.掌握特殊句型

1)倒装句型

(1)用在存在句型中，在there后谓语动词(be除外)是:stand，exist，seem，lie，remain，appear等。

(2)在虚拟语气的条件句中，were，had，should要倒装(if被省略时)。

(3)副词here，there，now，then，thus等用在句首时，且谓语动词是come，go或be时，需要倒装。

(4)表示祝愿的句子，用倒装。如:May you succeed!

(5)大多数的疑问句和表示让步状语从句，用倒装。

(6)在neither，nor，so，as开头的句子，要倒装。

(7)在频度副词often，always，once，now and then，many a time，every other day和程度副词such，so，thus等开头的句子中，用倒装。

(8)away，down，on，up，out置于句首时，句子倒装。

(9)形容词置于不定代词之后，用倒装。如:Anything new?

2)强调结构用法

(1)It is(was)+状语+that+句子(主语从句，宾语从句)。

(2)It is(was)+代词(名词+形容词)+that(who，whom，whose，whose，which)+句子。

(3)What…is(was)+that句型，强调is(was)后面的部分。

3)否定句型用法:一般否定，特指否定，全部否定

(1)一般否定:I do not agree with you.

(2)特指否定:Not every man can do it.

(3)全部否定:None of my friends smoke.

　　　　　　Neither of these answers is right.

　　　　　　All people here are not kind.

4)反意疑问句的用法

(1)在有些动词(think，believe，suppose，expect，figure，fancy，assume，imagine，reckon，seem，feel)等构成的句子中，反意疑问句的形式要依据后半部分而定。如:I think you can finish the work，can＇t you?

(2)当句子主语用不定代词(anything，everything，nothing，something等)替代物时，主语用it;当句子中的主语是替代人的不定代词(everyone，nobody，anyone，no one，somebody，anybody，everybody等)时，主语用they。如:

Everything is all right，isn＇t it?

No one wants to go，do they?

(3)陈述句主语为such时，反意疑问句中的主语单数用it，复数用they。如:

Such is his trick，isn＇t it?

Such are your excuses，aren＇t they?

(4)在I wish句子结构中，反意疑问句用may I结构表示。如:

I wish to realize my dream，may I?

(5)在I am…句子结构，如是否定句，用am I，如是肯定式，就用aren＇t I。如:

I am not a doctor，am I?

I am a teacher，aren＇t I?

(6)在含有情态动词的句子中，反意疑问句有不同的用法。

①在need，dare用作情态动词时，各有不同形式。如:

You needn＇t hand in your paper，need you?

He dare do it，daren＇t he?

②在含有must，may的句子结构中，must后动词的类属和时态不同，反意疑问句也不同。may可用mightn＇t or can＇t or will(偶尔用)，如:

Judging by the smell，the food must be good，isn＇t it?

She must have arrived by air，hasn＇t she?

I may come and borrow the book tomorrow，mayn＇t I?

You might bring me some paper，will you?(请求)

(7)当陈述句谓语部分含有used to时，疑问部分常有三种形式:

a.反意疑问句用didn＇t+主语;

b.疑问句直接用usedn＇t+主语;

c.“存在”句子结构中如含有used to be，反意疑问句用used there to be或wasn＇t(weren＇t)there?如:

He used to get up early，didn＇t he?Or he used to get up early，usedn＇t he?

There used to be peach tree in the garden，wasn＇t there?

(8)在let＇s引导的祈使句中，反意疑问句中一般用shall we。如:

Let＇s have a meeting，shall we?

注:如不是let＇s，而是let us，一般用will you。

(9)当陈述句的助动词为ought to时，其形式有两种:ought you(oughtn＇t you)或should you(shouldn＇t you)。

(10)none的反意疑问句:none of结构作主语时，其谓语动词的数和人称要与前面的陈述部分一致。如:

None of his friends is interested，is he?(不可用are they?)

None of his friends are interested，are they?(不可用is he?)

None of his friends has come，has he?(不可用have they?)

(11)neither…nor的反意疑问句，由于本身表意为否定，故反意疑问句用肯定式。如:

The book is neither in Chinese nor in English，is it?

He can neither read nor write，can he?

5)插入语的用法

(1)单词插入语:通常是副词，位于句中或句尾。如:

It is，indeed，a great pity.

He is you，he knows a lot about the world，though.

(2)短语插入语:大多数为介词短语，也可以是不定式短语或分词短语，to be∥the fruth，of cause，in addition，after all，by any chance，by no means，to begin with，roughly speaking，to a certain extent，to be exact等。如:

His words，to a certain extent，are right.

(3)and+副词等用作插入语。

and+副词、介词、句子或what从句用作插入语。如:

He is a good writer，(and)what is better，a great statesman.