四、开证行向议付行偿付
(一)决定不同偿付程序的因素
1. L/C的偿付条款;
2. 开证行与议付行的账户设立情况。
(二)五种偿付程序
1. 议付行是开证行的账户行(议付行主动借记)
L/C的偿付条款:
In reimbursement of your negotiation under this credit, we hereby authorize you to debit our account with you under your advice to us.
在本信用证项下对贵行议付的偿付中,我行谨此授权贵行借记我行在贵行账户并提供报单给我行。
BP通知书的索偿条款是:
We have debited your account with us.
偿付程序如图5.23所示。
在图5.23中,议付行并不是直接从开证行得到信用证,而是从受益人“买入”信用证,下同。
2. 议付行是开证行的账户行(议付行被动借记)
L/C的偿付条款:
Upon receipt of your negotiation advice stating that documents have been complied with, we shall authorize you to debit our account with you under your advice to us.
收到贵行的议付通知,表明单证相符,我行将授权贵行借记我行在贵行的账户并提供报单给我行。
BP通知书的索偿条款是:
Please authorize us by cable/airmail to debit your account with us.
偿付程序如图5.24所示。
图5.23 议付行主动借记的偿付程序
图5.24 议付行被动借记的偿付程序
3. 开证行是议付行的账户行
L/C的偿付条款:
In reimbursement of your payment made under this LC, we shall credit your account with us under our telex advice to you.
在偿付贵行在本信用证项下的付款时,我行将贷记贵行在我行的账户并将报单电传贵行。
BP通知书的索偿条款是:
Please credit our account with you.
偿付程序如图5.25所示。
图5.25 开证行是议付行的账户行的偿付程序
4. 开证行与议付行无账户关系
信用证的偿付条款是:
Upon receipt of your negotiation advice stating that documents have been complied with, we shall remit cover by cable/airmail to your correspondent as designated by you for credit of your account with them.
收到贵行的议付通知,表明单证相符,我行用电报/航邮将款项汇至贵行指定的账户行,贷记贵行在该行的账户。
BP通知书的索偿条款是:
Please pay/remit proceeds by TT/MT to C for credit of our account with them.
偿付程序如图5.26所示。
图5.26 开证行与议付行无账户关系的偿付程序
5. 开证行与议付行有共同账户行
信用证的偿付条款是:
Upon negotiation made by you please reimburse yourselves through C by telex/airmail certifying documents complied with and requesting them to debit our account and credit your account with the same amount.
贵行议付后,请通过银行C进行偿付,用电传/航邮证实单证相符,要求银行C将相同金额借记我行账户、贷记贵行账户。
BP通知书的索偿条款是:
We have requested C by telex/airmail to debit your account and credit our account with the same amount.
偿付程序如图5.27所示。
图5.27 开证行与议付行有共同账户行的偿付程序
Q&A 5.8 结算方式的演变(2/2)——从信用证到银行保函和备用信用证
Q:汇款、托收和信用证这三种结算方式有无共性?
A:有,这三种结算方式都针对必然事件,也就是说,在正常情况下,卖方交货的行为是必然发生的,因而,货款收付也是必然要发生的。
结算方式的第四个演变路径是,形成针对或然性事件的结算方式,也就是说,在正常情况下,款项收付很有可能不会发生。例如,对于买方支付给卖方的定金,需要有银行为卖方做出担保,万一卖方在收到定金后不履行交货义务,银行保证向买方退还定金及相应损失,这种银行担保就是银行保函和备用信用证。
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