(颐和园)

Summer Palace(颐和园)

Ladies and Gentlemen，

Good morning! Now we are at the Summer Palace.Welcome here and I sincerely hope that all of you will have a good time here.

Long Corridor and Marble Boat

This is the famous Long Corridor.You can see that there are hundreds of buildings on the Longevity Hill.However，they are in a very good order.Why? One of the main reasons is that the Long Corridor has connected the hill with the water，linking all the buildings together and making them into a complete whole.

The Long Corridor was built in 1750 during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.It was destroyed in 1860 and rebuilt during Emperor Guangxu's reign.In the building of Chinese palaces，the corridor is a subordinate building which links up all the major buildings.It is also a place for taking a rest which protects people from wind，rain or sunshine.The corridor in front of Longevity Hill is728meters long.If you take the space between two pillars as one room，there are 273 rooms along the corridor.It is famous for its unique architectural style and colorful paintings.It is called the Long Corridor.It has already been listed into the Guinness Book of Records as the longest corridor in the world.You can imagine what a landscape and how pleasant it is when you take a walk along the corridor during the rain with the green hill in the north and blue water in the south.

With the Hall of Dispersing Clouds as the center，the corridor winds its way from the Gate of Inviting Moon in the east to the Shizhang Pavilion in the west.When you walk into the corridor from the Gate of Inviting Moon，you will see at once a corridor without end.In some sections，it is very straight，while in others，it winds and twists.There are four pavilions along the Corridor which symbolize spring，summer，autumn and winter.There is an opened veranda in the eastern and western part of the corridor respectively.The base and body of the corridor goes up and down following the terrain of the southern foot of the Longevity Hill.Four octagonal pavilions are the connecting points of the high and low terrain as well as at changes of direction.Because of its unique design and utilization of the scenery along the two sides to divert people's attention，you can hardly feel the ups and downs and its twisting trend.The Long Corridor is really a magnificent masterpiece in the ancient Chinese palaces and gardens.

This is the Marble Boat.Built in 1755，the whole boat was made of marble stone.It is36meters long.Emperor Qianlong had very clear intentions when he ordered this boat to be built.He adopted the words used by Prime Minister Wei Zheng of the Tang Dynasty when he told the Tang Dynasty Emperor to work hard.The words read“water can carry the boat and the boat can also be overturned by water.”The building of the boat symbolized at the same time that the reign of Emperor Qianlong was as stable as the Marble Boat and it could never be overturned nomatter how strong the wind and waves were.However，the corrupt rule of the Qing Dynasty could not exist as long as the Marble Boat.This was the only“boat”left after the Northern Navy was defeated.It never moved.

The cabin of the Marble Boat was first built in the Chinese style.After it was burned in 1860，it was rebuilt in Western style in 1893.In 1903，one floor of western style and wooden structure was added by Empress Dowager Cixi with windows glassed in five colors.Big mirrors were placed both downstairs and upstairs which could reflect ripples on the lake surface.If visitors sit in front of the mirror，you would feel like floating on the lake.Hence the Empress Dowager Cixi very much liked to sit there to drink tea and enjoy the scenery.

There are four dragon heads in the body of the boat stretching outward.When it rains，the water on top of the cabin would fall into the dragon mouth through the four-cornered hollow pillar.Architects call this kind of drainage design an internal drainage in architecture.

This was originally a platform where captive animals were set free in the Yuan Dynasty.After it was changed into the shape of a boat，on April 8^th each year in lunar calendar，Emperor Qianlong would accompany his mother to set captive animals free here.

Garden of Harmonious Interest

Ladies and gentlemen，we are now going to visit the next place，the Garden of Harmonious Interest.The Garden of Harmonious Interest is located in the northeastern part of the Summer Palace at the foot of the east side of the back hill.Built in 1751，itwas originally called the Garden of Huishan.It is not only a garden within the Summer Place，but also takes in all the beauty and uniqueness of the gardens in southern China.Therefore，it is called the Real Garden of Harmonious Interest.

When Emperor Qianlong toured south China for the first time in 1751，he visited the Jichang Garden in the city of Wuxi.His grandfather Emperor Kangxi also paid a visit there during his trip to the south.The name of the Jichang Garden was autographed by his grandfather.Emperor Qianlong liked the Garden very much.He asked somebody to make a painting of it and bring it back to Beijing.He had an identical garden built in the Summer Palace and named it the Garden of Huishan.Emperor Qianlong wrote a poem which read“One pavilion one road，one step one scene.The scene changes with step moves.Uniqueness and interests are found everywhere.”The Garden was rebuilt in 1811 and the name was changed into the Garden of Harmonious Interest.It was burned down by the British and French Allied Forces in 1860 and rebuilt in 1893.

There are altogether 13 pavilions，terraces and rooms connected by 100 verandas and 5 bridges in different designs.In the center of the garden lies a pond skirted by a ring of halls and pavilions.In the northwest part of the garden，there is a mountain spring falling down in the shade of bamboo grove.The spring is formed by the water in the back lake，which falls down because of the natural terrain.This special scene has revitalized the scenery of gardens in south China.The main building in the garden is the Hall of Hanyuan，which was built with sandalwood.It was the place for Empress Dowager Cixi to relax when she was going sightseeing and angling in the Garden.She usually took a nap here in the hall after she enjoyed a performance at the Grand Stage.There is a stone bridge at southeast corner.It is the famous“Know-the-Fish Bridge”.The bridge is quite low and close to the water surface.It is an ideal place for people to enjoy fish and go angling.

Some people believe that there are eight interests in the Garden of Harmonious Interest.They are interest of seasons，interest of water，interest of bridges，interest of books，interest of building，interest of paintings，interest of verandas，and interest of imitation.

The interest of seasons refers to the garden's different scenes during different seasons.In spring breezes blowing over willows create ripples on the lake's surface.In summer lotus flowers bloom and their fragrance is wafted through the garden.In autumn the blowing willows are reflected in water.And in winter snow covers the pavilions and verandas like a thin silk cloth.

The interest of water refers to the water from a mountain spring that pours into the lotus pond.The source of the spring comes from the east end of Kunming Lake's back end.The main reason the garden is built on such a low terrain is to create this mountain spring，so as to form a drop of 1 to 2 meters between the water surface of the garden and water surface of the lake.With the 1 to 2 meters water drop and the piling-up of mountain stones，it is divided into9 levels which make the water sound like playing a musical instrument.This is why visitors can find a huge stone lying by the spring on which there are three engraved words“Jade Zither Gorge”.

The in terest of bridges refers to the garden's five bridges which were designed in different styles.Some of the bridges are connected with the road on one end and with the veranda on the other end.Some face the water on one end and lean against the veranda on the other end.The most famous bridge is the“Know-the-Fish Bridge”.It was told that there were two ancient philosophers of different schools Zhuang Zi and Hui Zi who were one day watching the fish together.Zhuang Zi said:“The fish are swimming happily”.Then，Hui Zi said:“You are not fish，how do you know that they are happy?”Zhuang Zi replied:“You are notme，how do you know that I do not know the fish are happy?”In those years，Empress Dowager Cixi liked angling in the Garden of Harmonious Interest.The pavilion on the water was the place for her to go angling.It is said that when Empress Dowager Cixi went angling here，in order to please her，the eunuch would dive into the water with fish alive.When she put down the hook，the eunuch would hang the fish onto the hook.Therefore，her fishing rod could never be empty.

The interest of books refers to the calligraphy in the Garden.

The interest of building refers to the building in the Garden.If visitors look at the building's interior，they will see that it has two stories.If visitors look at it from outside，it has only one story.

The interest of paintings refers to the colored paintings of Su style in the verandas of the Garden.And the beauty of the paintings could match that of the Long Corridor.There are more than 100 paintings on the buildings of the Garden.There are paintings of mountains and rivers as well as paintings of figures.

The interest of verandas refers to the four pavilions along the pond which have been linked up as a whole by the twisted corridor.The buildings，pavilions and verandas are linked up together by the twisted corridor.Compared with the Long Corridor，it is also very charming and interesting.

The interest of imitation refers to the Garden of Harmonious Interest is a garden within the garden of the Summer Palace.It was built in a very unique style as it imitated the Jichang Private Garden.In addition to being magnificent and dignified，it is very peaceful and elegant.

This is the end of our visit to the Garden of Harmonious Interest.Thank you for your cooperation.

各位游客大家好!

现在我们所在的地方就是颐和园。欢迎大家来颐和园游玩，我真诚地希望您在这里玩得开心。

长廊和石舫

我们现在看到的就是著名的长廊。不知大家注意到没有，在北侧的万寿山上有一百多处建筑，但却无杂乱之感。为什么呢?其中一个主要原因是因有长廊这条彩带，既衔接了山水，又把各处建筑物有机地串联起来，构成了一个整体。

长廊始建于乾隆十五年，也就是1750年，1860年被毁，光绪时重建。在中国的庭园建筑中，走廊是联系各主要建筑物的一种附属建筑，有挡风雨蔽日晒和装饰的作用。由于万寿山前的这条走廊特别长，有728米，如果把两根柱子之间的一块地方称为一间的话，这条走廊共有273间。因此人们都称之为“长廊”。长廊已列入“吉尼斯世界纪录大全”，称为世界最长的长廊。大家可以想象，北为青山，南为绿水，细雨霏霏之时，游走于长廊之间该多么惬意呀。

长廊以排云殿为中心。向东、西延伸，东起邀月门，西止石丈亭。当人们走进长廊东端的邀月门就进入了一个一眼看不到尽头的走廊。有的地段直得像一条线，有时又曲折回转，宛如画境。从东往西，其间点缀着留佳、寄澜、秋水、滑迢四个亭子，象征春、夏、秋、冬四季。长廊的东西两部，各有一座临水敞轩，它们是对鸥舫和鱼藻轩。长廊的地基和廊身随万寿山南麓的地势高低起伏，四座八角亭是高低和变向的连接点。由于处理巧妙，利用左右的借景而转移了人们的视线。所以游长廊时并不感觉到地势不平、走向曲折。长廊不愧是我国古典园林建筑中的艺术杰作。

［在石舫］现在大家看到的这个大船就是石舫，公元1755年建，船体全部用大理石制作，通长36米。乾隆对建造这座石舫是有用意的。他引用唐朝魏征告诫唐太宗“水能载舟，亦能覆舟”的典故，勉励自己励精图治，同时也象征他的统治像石舫一样坚固，任凭风吹浪打，而无覆舟之虞。但是清王朝的腐朽统治不可能与这石舫共存。这也是北洋水师作战失利后留下的唯一一条“船”，一条不动的船。

石舫原有中式舱楼，1860年被烧毁后，又于光绪十九年(公元1893年)改建成洋式舱楼，并在船体两侧加上两个机轮。取“河清海晏”之意，名清晏舫。1903年，慈禧又加盖了一层洋式层楼(木质结构)，窗上嵌着五色琉璃，上下楼各有大镜子一块，可以反射湖里的波纹，坐在镜子前面有在湖中飘荡之感。慈禧时常在上边饮茶作乐，观赏湖山景色。

石舫船体上有四个龙头突出在外，下雨时，舱楼顶部的雨水通过四角空心栓流进龙口吐出水来，这种排水设计在建筑上称内排水。

此处原是明代圆静寺的放生台，乾隆时改为船形后，每年四月初八浴佛日，乾隆皇帝陪其生母孝圣皇太后在此放生。

谐趣园(园中园)

朋友们，现在我们去参观下一个景点--谐趣园。谐趣园在颐和园东北端，后山东侧山脚之下，建于乾隆十六年(公元1751年)，原名惠山园。谐趣园是颐和园的园中之园，它内涵了江南园林的全部秀美特色，故又被称为“谐趣真园”。

乾隆皇帝1751年第一次下江南时，曾到无锡寄畅园游览。乾隆的祖父康熙皇帝南巡时，也曾去那里游览过，并且用御笔题写了“寄畅园”三字。乾隆非常喜欢这所庭园，就命人绘了图样带回北京，在清漪园(颐和园前身)照样仿建，并命名为惠山园。根据乾隆诗序:“一亭一径、一步一景、景随步移、步步皆奇趣”，嘉庆十六年(公元1811年)该园重修，改名谐趣园。咸丰十年(公元1860年)该园被英法联军烧毁，光绪十八年(公元1892年)重建。

谐趣园内共有亭、台、堂、榭13处，并用百间游廊和5座形式不同的桥相沟通。园中所有建筑都围绕中间的水池展开，循廊前进，一步一景。

园内西北角的玉琴峡，利用天然地势形成的落差，引来后湖之水，造就一道山泉，泻出于绿竹之间。这种小桥流水的景致，再现了江南园林的特色。园内主体建筑涵远堂，所用木材全部是檀香木，是慈禧太后在谐趣园内的便殿，供她游览、钓鱼时休息之用。慈禧在大戏台看戏后，就在此午睡。东南角有一座石桥，桥头石舫上写着“知鱼桥”，最负盛名。桥面低平近水，是观鱼、垂钓的好地方。

谐趣园的特色有人概括为八趣，即时趣、水趣、桥趣、书趣、楼趣、画趣、廊趣、仿趣。

时趣是指谐趣园在四季中的不同景色。春天，微风吹柳，水波粼粼;夏天，荷花开放，满园飘香;秋天，水榭杨柳，倒映水中;冬天，雪盖廊亭，银装素裹。

水趣是因为有山泉注入荷池，这道山泉的水源，来自昆明湖的后湖东端。谐趣园取如此低洼的地势，主要就是为了形成这道山泉，使谐趣园的水面与湖的水面形成一二米的落差，而在一二米的落差中，又运用山石的堆叠，分成九个层次，使川流不息的水声高低扬抑，犹如琴韵，所以横卧在泉边的一块巨石上，刻有“玉琴峡”三个字，是为水趣。

桥趣是因为园中有桥五座，风格各异，有的一端连路一端连廊，有的一侧临水一侧靠廊，有的一侧有桥栏望柱，而一侧荡然水上……其中最著名的为“知鱼桥”。桥名取《秋水·濠上》中庄子和惠子相互辩论的故事。相传这两位不同哲学学派的代表人物，在水边共同观鱼。庄子说:“鱼儿在水中游得很快乐。”惠子说:“你不是鱼，怎么知道鱼快乐。”庄子反问说:“你不是我，怎么知道我不知道鱼快乐?”当年，慈禧喜欢在谐趣园中钓鱼。凌驾在水上的绿水榭，便是慈禧最爱下钩之处，传说，每逢她来这里钓鱼，太监为了讨她的欢喜，便带着活鱼先行潜入水中，慈禧一下钩，太监便将鱼挂在钓上，于是她总是提竿不空。

书趣是因为园中书法墨宝随处可见。

楼趣是指园内西部有一座瞩新楼，这座楼从园内侧看是两层，若从外侧看，却只有一层。

画趣是因为园中游廊的苏式彩画可与长廊媲美。园内建筑上有百余幅绘画，有山水画和人物画等。

廊趣是因曲折的走廊将沿池的四座名亭连为一体，楼堂亭榭以曲廊相连，三步一回，五步一折，与长廊相比，另有情趣。

仿趣是因为谐趣园是颐和园的园中之园，应是典型的皇家园林。但该园的造园手法别具一格，仿造的是寄畅园私家园林，在金碧辉煌、端庄肃穆中，独显其静雅清幽。

今天谐趣园就游览到此，谢谢大家。