(滕王阁)

Tengwang Pavilion(滕王阁)

Ladies and Gentlemen，

This is the Tengwang Pavilion，one of Jiangxi's best-known scenic spots.It has been ranked the“No.1 Pavilion in the West River”and also ranked first among the three famous pavilions located south of the Yangtze River.It has been experienced a lot of history over the past 1300 years and was rebuilt 28 times.This magnificent pavilion standing before us is the result of the latest 29^th rebuilding effort and was designed by the famous architect Liang Sicheng，who imitated the Song-Dynasty style.The pavilion is 57.5 meters high and covers an area of53 hectares.Its construction area is called“The 9^th Level Heaven”.The Tengwang Pavilion，with all of its primitive magnificence，is taking on a remarkable and wonderful look.

The Tengwang Pavilion was first built in 653 by Li Yuanying，Li Shimin's younger brother and the 22^nd son of the emperor Li Yuan.He didn't achieve his political ambition in his life，but nurtured in a literary imperial family，he was very interested in music，dance and painting.He was well-known as the King of Lechers.When he was the commanderin-chief of Hongzhou(the former Nanchang City)，he always indulged himself in pleasure and made merry among music and dances in his mansion.Then，he got tired of the life in his mansion and decided to build a pavilion for amusement.It has been given his name，“Tengwang”.It is located at the confluence between the Gan River and the Fuhe River.Not only was this a good place to enjoy music and dances，but also the best site to enjoy the beautiful view of the Gan River and the distant stretch of mountains.The pavilion was destroyed and rebuilt 28 times.It has been renowned because of Wang Bo's“Preface to Tengwang Pavilion”.This literary masterpiece made the pavilion famous.

When approaching the pavilion，we may see that the 12-meter 2-storey basement symbolizes the ancient city wall.In the front of the basementare the foundation stone and Han Yu's notes on the rebuilding of the pavilion.The 89 steps signify that the Pavilion was last rebuilt，for the 29^th time，in 1989.After the steps，we see the first floor.The couplet，“The single wild duck is flying along with the setting sun; one can not tell the color of the autumn waters from that of the sky”is written on the front pillars of the white marble relief sculpture.It tells the story about Wang Bo and his“Preface to Tengwang Pavilion”.It is said that in 675，Wang Bo was on his way to visit his father.At Madang his ship was blocked by a great head wind.He stopped to visit the place.In front of a temple，he encountered an old man who was the Water God of the Central Plains.He said to him:“Tomorrow will be the Double Ninth Festival.There will be a get-together in the Tengwang Pavilion of Hongzhou.If you go there and write a composition，you will surely be crowned with eternalglory.”Wang Bo asked:“How can Iget there in a night since I am 350 kilometers away from Hongzhou?”The god answered，“I'll help you with a favorable wind and you will get there in time”.In response to the old man's advice，he got on board.Suddenly，the wind changed its direction and sent him to Hongzhou in one night.In Hongzhou，the commander-in-chief was holding a celebration to mark the completion of the Tengwang Pavilion.At the celebration banquet，Wang Bo created the outstanding“Preface to Tengwang Pavilion”.The relief sculpture depicts the meeting between the Water God and Wang Bo.

Now，let's visit the“Outstanding Figures'Hall”on the 2^nd floor.The front horizontal inscribed board says:“Talented Figures Com-ing Forth in Large Numbers.”Throughout its early history，Jiangxi has had more than its share of talented figures.The hall mural portrays 80 of Jiangxi's major figures from the early Qin Dynasty to the late Ming Dynasty.Some of them were not from Jiangxi，but they nonetheless served as officials in the province.The first portrait is of Zhang Daoling，from Zhangshu，who established a Taoist sect on the Dragon and Tiger Mountain.The next portrait is of the pastoral poet，Tao Yuanming.We can then gaze at Wang Anshi，Ouyang Xiu and Zeng Gong.They are among the 8 great men of letters in the Tang and the Song Dynasties.Then comes Tang Xianzu，“the Oriental Shakespeare”，and the national hero，Wen Tianxiang.

The hall on the 3^rd floor is the ancient banquet hall.It is said that after Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang defeated Chen Youliang at Poyang Lake，he held a greatbanquet here to celebrate his victory.In the hall，we may see the mural“Tang Xianzu is Dreaming of Performing the Peony Palace”.It tells the story about Du Liniang and Liu Mengmei.They battled the feudal conventions and sought their true love.The characters in the painting close their eyes with the blue background，which means they are in the dream.On the back of the mural，there is a bronze relief sculpture，“Tang Kabuki Performance”，reflecting the thriving culture in the Tang Dynasty.

Well，this is the“Rich Land Hall”on the 4^th floor.It displays Jiangxi's rich landscape and history.The largemural in the hall is entitled“The Rich Land”，and it describes the province's beautiful mountains and streams.From left to right，the mountains include Duyu Mountain，which has Mei Pass，the first pass leading to Guangdong Province，grand Sanqing Mountain，magn-ificent Guifeng Mountain，picturesque Poyang Lake，and the Stone Bell Hill.Besides being the birthplace of the Taoism，the Dragon and TigerMountain is famous for its monstrous hills and rocks，precipitous cliffs and valleys.Both the Dragon and Tiger Mountain and Sanqing Mountain were put on the list of nationallevel scenic spots in 1988.The Jinggang Mountain，the cradle of the Chinese Revolution，consists of several different mountains with dense trees，bamboo and plants，as well as magnificent waterfalls，streams and springs.Mt.Lushan is famous not only for its beautiful scenery，but also for the famous poems written by many famous men about it.Li Bai wrote the famous poem:“Down the waterfall cascades a sheer three thousand feet; As if the Silver River were falling from Heaven!”Poyang Lake is China's largest freshwater lake and covers an area of 4000 square kilometers.And Stone Bell Hill is famed for the celebrated poem written by Su Shi about it.Its precipitous cliffs also made it become an important ancient military defense post.

Now，we are on the 5^th floor.From this hall we can look far and wide.In the front of the hall，there is the model of the whole Tengwang Pavilion.If we have a bird's-eye view at it from this angle，it looks like a big rock flying westward.On the front wall there are 16 bronze boards recording Wang Bo's“Preface to Tengwang Pavilion”.It covers three parts.The first part describes the geographical features and scenic spots in Yuzhang，the second part the banquet and the guests and host，and the last part is his complaint about the bad luck encountered in his official career.Many of its epigrams were collected in the nation's language treasure storehouse and became idioms.There are many ornaments in the composition with outstanding diction.Its back is the lacquer painting“One Hundred Flowers and One Hundred Butterflies”done to honor the memory of Li Yuanying.Though he was a King of Lechers，he was good at painting butterflies and established the“Teng School of Butterfly Painting”.This is an imitation of his work of“Butterflies”.

Here we are on the 9^th floor.We may enjoy the performance in the style of the ancients by Nanchang Song and Dance Troupe here.The dragon wall and the phoenix wall on both sides，together with the dance and music，show the prosperous look of the Tang Dynasty.

Well，you may go and enjoy it yourselves.Thank you for your cooperation.

各位朋友:大家好!我们现在所在的就是江西省著名的旅游风景点--滕王阁。滕王阁被誉为“西江第一楼”，也是江南三大名楼之首。它历尽一千三百多年沧桑，曾遭废兴28次。矗立在我们眼前的这座四重飞檐、雕梁画栋、碧瓦丹柱的楼阁是第29次重建的，是由我国著名建筑学家梁思成先生仿宋代滕王阁设计的。它高57.5米，占地53公顷，建筑面积15 000平方米，属明三暗七格局，再加上两层基座共有九层，所以滕王阁的最高层次又称为“九重天”。滕王阁背城临江，坐落在赣江和抚河交汇口上。整个建筑华丽而古朴，呈现出一种“瑰玮绝特”的气势。

滕王阁始建于唐永徽四年(公元653年)，建造者李元婴是唐高祖李渊的第22个儿子，也是唐太宗李世民的弟弟。他在政治上一生都不得志，但生长在帝王之家的他从小受到宫廷艺术的熏陶，酷爱音乐、舞蹈、绘画，是个出名的花花太岁。在他被调任洪州都督时，带一班歌舞乐伎，终日在都督府中吹弹歌舞，寻欢作乐。后来他腻烦了在都督府中听歌赏舞，于是在南昌城西赣江与抚河交汇口上，建一楼阁作为听歌赏舞的别居，并且以他的封号“滕王”命名。滕王阁背城临江，地方开阔，风景优美，不仅是一处观歌赏舞的好地方，更是览山峰秀色的好去处。滕王阁因初唐四杰之一的王勃所作的《滕王阁序》而声名远扬，可以说是“文以阁名，阁以文传”。

走进滕王阁，我们可以看到在它的下面有两层台基，高12米，象征古城墙，基座正面有奠基石和韩愈为重修滕王阁做的标记。在基座上有89级登阁台阶，这是为纪念1989年第29次重建而设计的。上完台阶我们来到的便是滕王阁的第一层，第一层正面柱上用不锈钢制的，“落霞”“秋水”联为毛泽东手迹，送给儿媳邵华的。好，我们现在进到第一层序厅，迎面看到大厅里名为“时来风送滕王阁”的汉白玉浮雕，描绘的是王勃当年遇中原水神和他写《滕王阁序》的一段神话故事。传说675年，王勃往交趾看望其父，经过马当，船遇逆风三日不得行。于是泊船登岸游览。在一座庙宇前见一老者(中原水神)，老者对他说:“明日重阳，洪州滕王阁有庙会。若你前去参加，并写篇文章，一定能名垂千古。”王勃说:“这里距洪州六七百里，一夜怎么能赶得到?”中原水神说:“我助你一帆顺风，你只管上路就是了。”果然王勃登船后，风向改变，帆如展翅，一夜工夫，王勃就到了洪州，赶上了洪州都督为重修滕王阁的落成之宴。并在宴会上留下了千古名篇《滕王阁序》。这幅浮雕表现的就是中原水神与王勃会面的场景。

好，我们现在来到的是二楼“人杰厅”。正面匾额为“俊彩星驰”。江西历史上人才辈出，在厅中的这幅壁画中描绘了从先秦到明末江西的八十位名人。这80位名人中并不是每位都出生于江西，有些是在江西为官的。首先我们看到的是张道陵，他是江西樟树人。东汉末年在龙虎山炼丹修道，创“五斗米”道教，人们尊他为张天师。此处还有东晋田园诗人陶渊明，唐宋八大家中的王安石，欧阳修，曾巩以及有“东方莎士比亚”之称的汤显祖，民族英雄文天祥等。

来到三楼，这个大厅叫古宴会厅，相传明太祖朱元璋在鄱阳湖打败陈友谅后在此大摆酒席庆功。在大厅里我们看到的这幅壁画叫《汤显祖梦演牡丹亭》。它所描绘的是杜丽娘与柳梦梅反抗封建礼教，追求爱情自由的故事。大家可以仔细看一下，在这幅画中人物的眼睛都是闭着的，整个画面也呈蓝色的冷色调，这些都表现了一种梦的意境。在壁画的反面墙壁上是一幅铜板浮雕《唐伎乐图》表现盛唐文化艺术的繁荣景象。

现在我们来到了四楼的地灵厅，这个厅与二楼的人杰厅相呼应，表现江西物华天宝，人杰地灵。在厅里的这幅大型壁画叫《地灵图》，它所描绘的是江西省“钟灵毓秀”的山川景色，从左至右分为--大庾岭梅关，被誉为“岭南第一关”。这里山势峻险，峰峦对峙，为历代兵家必争之地。逾关而过的梅岭古道为古代中原通往岭南交通要冲。雄奇的三清山，它有玉京、玉虚、玉华三峰，峻峭挺拔，如道教所尊玉清、上清、太清三神列座其巅而得名。呈丹霞地貌的弋阳圭峰和贵溪龙虎山，圭峰瑰丽多姿引人入胜，千姿百态犹如天然盘景。龙虎山是道教发源地，整个景区奇形怪石，峰谷旋回，景色十分优美。它和三清山1988年同被列为国家重点风景名胜区。井冈山，革命摇篮，峰峦峻拔挺美，飞瀑流泉，茂林修竹。庐山，景色奇美，是一座神仙之庐，历代文人墨客在这里留下了名篇绝句，使庐山增色不少。如在庐山山南秀峰的瀑前，李白就写了“飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天”的名句。再过来就是我国第一大淡水湖--鄱阳湖。鄱阳湖古称“彭泽”，面积有4000平方千米。再过来就是因苏轼《石钟山记》而闻名的石钟山，全山分上下两部分，山虽不高，却悬崖峻拔，有江湖锁钥之势，古往今来均为兵家必争之地。

现在我们登上了五楼纵览厅。这一层是纵目远眺的最佳层次，也是登高抒怀的好去处。厅的前部是滕王阁的整个景区的模型，在这里大家可以俯瞰一下滕王阁，看它像不像一支展翅西飞的鲲鹏呢?在厅正面墙壁上，这十六块铜碑就是王勃的《滕王阁序》，是按《晚香堂帖》中所刻小行书放大制作的。整个序分三部分，第一部分写豫章地理、风光;第二部分写宴会场面和宾主;第三部分感叹自己怀才不遇，报国无门。文中的很多佳句已收进民族语文宝库，成为成语，如“老当益壮，穷且益坚”，“萍水相逢，高朋满座”等。全序辞藻华美，对仗工整，首尾照应。反面是磨漆画“百花百蝶图”，是为纪念艺术家李元婴而制作的。李元婴虽是位花花太岁，但却擅长画蝴蝶，被画界奉为“滕派蝶画”，这幅画是仿其《蝴蝶图》而作。

现在我们来到了滕王阁的最高层九重天古戏台，在这里我们可以观赏到南昌歌舞团仿古展演。在这一层两旁墙壁上的龙墙和凤壁，以《霓裳羽衣舞》和《破阵乐》为主题表现出大唐盛世歌舞升平、国泰民安的繁荣景象。

好，有关滕王阁的讲解就告此一段落，接下来大家可以自由参观。谢谢大家合作!