【导读】
萧伯纳(George Bernard Shaw,1856—1950)爱尔兰剧作家,是英国现代杰出的现实主义戏剧作家,是世界著名的擅长幽默与讽刺的语言大师。1925年,因其作品具有理想主义和人道主义而获诺贝尔文学奖。萧伯纳的一生,是和社会主义运动发生密切关系的一生,他认真研读过《资本论》,公开声言他“是一个普通的无产者”,“一个社会主义者”。然而,由于世界观上的局限性,他没能成为无产阶级战士,而终生是一个资产阶级改良主义者。本文是萧伯纳于1926年在七十寿辰宴会上的讲话。
【箴言】
社会主义理论是明白无误的,它指出需要关注的事情是分配制度。
我们认为,如果分配出了问题,那么宗教、道德、政府,一切都会跟着出问题。
我在年轻时,思想转变,加入了工党,现在我确信,从每一方面来说,我的转变都是正确的。
【正文】
我们批判资本主义时说道:你们的制度自从公布以来,就从来没有一天实践过你们的诺言。我们的生产是荒唐的,我们本该建造很多房子,却去生产八十四匹马力的汽车。孩子们就要饿死了,我们却生产最浪费的奢侈品。你们把生产本末倒置了。你们不首先生产国民最需要的东西,却反其道而行之。……
我们反对这种资本主义理论。社会主义理论是明白无误的,它指出需要关注的事情是分配制度。我们必须从这个问题入手。如果私有财产阻碍了公正的分配,那么就要废除私有财产。……
我们认为,如果分配出了问题,那么宗教、道德、政府,一切都会跟着出问题。因此我们说,必须从分配着手,并采取一切必要措施,这就是我们的社会主义理论的全部意义。
我认为,这一点我们要时刻记着,因为处理好世界财富的分配是我们的主要任务。我过去告诉过你们,现在还要告诉你们,在我们四千七百万人口中,没有两个人,可能连一个人也没有,会赞同现存的财富分配制度。我甚至可以说,在整个文明世界中也找不出一个人赞同现存的财富分配制度。这个分配制度已经毫无意义,荒谬绝伦了。……
我在年轻时,思想转变,加入了工党,现在我确信,从每一方面来说,我的转变都是正确的。
原文鉴赏
We say in criticism of capitalism: Your system has never kept its promises for one single day since it was promulgated. Our production is ridiculous. We are producing eighty horse-power motor cars when many more houses should be built. We are producing most extravagant luxuries while children starve. You have stood production on its head. Instead of beginning with the things the nation needs most, you are beginning at just the opposite end….
We are opposed to that theory. Socialism, which is perfectly clear and unmistakable, says the thing you have got to take care of is your distribution. We have to begin with that, and private property, if it stands in the way of good distribution, has got to go…
We say that if distribution goes wrong, everything else goes wrong—religion, morals, government. And we say, therefore (this is the whole meaning of our socialism), we must begin with distribution and take all the necessary steps.
I think we are keeping it in our minds because our business is to take care of the distribution of wealth in the world: and I tell you, as I have told you before, that I don’t think there are two men, or perhaps one man, in our 47,000,000 who approves of the existing distribution of wealth. I will go even further and say that you will not find a single person in the whole of the civilized world agrees with the existing system of the distributi0n of wealth. It has been reduced to blank absurdity……
I know now that when I was a young man and took the turning that led me into the labor Party, I took the right turning in every sense.
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