鲁宾逊漂流记

今日关键语导读 Today’s Key Points

《鲁宾逊漂流记》是18世纪英国作家达尼尔·笛福的代表作品，也是一部具有广泛世界性影响的作品。小说讲述了1704年一名苏格兰水手亚历山大·薛里基洛克航海遇险，漂流在一个荒岛上，并且单独留居了四年才被救回。小说的主人公鲁宾逊是一名青年，性喜冒险。他不顾父亲的劝阻，决心要进行航海。开始几次的航海颇为顺利，但有一次为土耳其海盗所俘，幸而不久后逃脱至巴西经营蔗糖厂。四年后，他因获暴利又前往非洲贩卖黑奴，却在大海中遇险，船上全部船员葬身鱼腹，仅鲁宾逊一人脱难，漂流至一荒岛上。从此，他孤独一人在岛上生活，直到二十八年后一艘英国船航经荒岛，他才有机会搭船回国。

障碍词先听为快 Words and Expressions

vicissitude [viˈsisitjuːd]　n. 变迁

extravagance [ikˈstrævəɡəns]　n. 挥霍，奢侈品，夸大其词，奢华

handmaid [ˈhændmeid]　n. 女仆，起辅助作用的人或事

harass [ˈhærəs]　vt. 不断骚扰，烦扰，恐吓

enrage [inˈreidʒ]　vt.激怒

precipitate [priˈsipiteit]　vt. 引发，加速，抛下，抛出，沉淀

venture [ˈventʃə]　n. 企业，探索，冒险旅行

hereafter [hiərˈɑːftə]　n. 死后的生活　adv. 此后

好英文娓娓动听 Beautiful stories

He bade me observe it, and I should always find that the calamities of life were shared among the upper and lower part of mankind, but that the middle station had the fewest disasters, and was not exposed to so many vicissitudes as the higher or lower part of mankind; nay, they were not subjected to so many distempers and uneasinesses, either of body or mind, as those were who, by vicious living, luxury, and extravagances on the one hand, or by hard labour, want of necessaries, and mean or insufficient diet on the other hand, bring distemper upon themselves by the natural consequences of their way of living; that the middle station of life was calculated for all kind of virtue and all kind of enjoyments; that peace and plenty were the handmaids of a middle fortune; that temperance, moderation, quietness, health, society, all agreeable diversions, and all desirable pleasures, were the blessings attending the middle station of life; that this way men went silently and smoothly through the world, and comfortably out of it, not embarrassed with the labours of the hands or of the head, not sold to a life of slavery for daily bread, nor harassed with perplexed circumstances, which rob the soul of peace and the body of rest,nor enraged with the passion of envy, or the secret burning lust of ambition for great things; but, in easy circumstances, sliding gently through the world, and sensibly tasting the sweets of living,without the bitter; feeling that they are happy, and learning by every day’s experience to know it more sensibly.

After this he pressed me earnestly, and in the most affectionate manner, not to play the young man, nor to precipitate myself into miseries which nature, and the station of life I was born in, seemed to have provided against; that I was under no necessity of seeking my bread; that he would do well for me, and endeavour to enter me fairly into the station of life which he had just been recommending to me; and that if I was not very easy and happy in the world, it must be my mere fate or fault that must hinder it; and that he should have nothing to answer for, having thus discharged his duty in warning me against measures which he knew would be to my hurt; in a word, that as he would do very kind things for me if I would stay and settle at home as he directed, so he would not have so much hand in my misfortunes as to give me any encouragement to go away; and to close all, he told me I had my elder brother for an example, to whom he had used the same earnest persuasions to keep him from going into the Low County wars, but could not prevail, his young desires prompting him to run into the army, where he was killed; and though he said he would not cease to pray for me, yet he would venture to stay to me, that if I did take this follish step, God would not bless me, and I should have leisure hereafter to reflect upon having neglected his counsel when there might be none to assit in my recovery.

长难句解析

Nay, they were not subjected to so many distempers and uneasinesses, either of body or mind, as those were who, byvicious living, luxury, and extravagances on the one hand, or by hard labour, want of necessaries, and mean or insufficient diet on the other hand, bring distemper upon themselves by the natural consequences of their way of living.

不仅如此，他们并没有遭受到那么多的病痛与不安，无论是身体上还是思想上。因为那些人一方面体验过凶狠的生活方式并且挥霍过奢侈品，生活铺张浪费；另一方面要么通过苦力，得到自己想要的生活必需品，三餐要么刚好满足温饱，要么吃了上顿没有下顿。他们这种生活方式因受到自然的影响而将瘟热病带入了他们的生活。

be subjected to 意为“遭遇、遭受”；either or 意为“要么……要么……”；as后面引导原因状语从句；on the one hand，“一方面”；on the other hand“另一方面”。

That this way men went silently and smoothly through the world, and comfortably out of it, not embarrassed with the labours of the hands or of the head, not sold to a life of slavery for daily bread, nor harassed with perplexed circumstances, which rod the soul of peace and the body of rest, nor enraged with the passion of envy, or the secret burning lust of ambition for great things.

那么，以这种生活方式的人将默默无闻地并且平淡的度过一生，最后安逸地离开这个世界。因为他们不会因为是从事体力工作或者脑力工作而感到羞耻；不会为了一日三餐而成为生活的奴隶；也不会因为陷入那打破了内心的宁静和身体上的安逸的困境而自扰；更不会因为强烈的嫉妒而生气；也不会因为一些小想法而放弃自己的伟大理想。

not后面接的是省略主语和谓语动词的并列状语从句；which引导非限定性定语从句；be embarrassed with对……感到羞耻。

And that he should have nothing to answer for, having thus discharged his duty in warning me against measures which he knew would be my hurt.

而且他不用对任何事负责，因此也就无需警告我关于那些会对我造成伤害的举措。

that引导主语从句；which引导定语从句。