章怀太子墓

The Tomb of Crown Prince Zhanghuai

章怀太子墓位于乾陵东南约3千米处，是乾陵17座陪葬墓之一。

章怀太子名李贤，是唐高宗与武则天的第二个儿子，也是高宗子女中比较有才华的一个，深为高宗所喜爱，曾被立为太子。他曾召集全国的著名学者注释过《后汉书》。书中谈到汉高祖刘邦死后，其妻吕后大量起用吕家的人，排挤朝廷大臣，篡夺汉室刘姓天下的史实。武则天认为这是在含沙射影地将她比做吕后，嫉恨在心，于是千方百计地加害李贤。为了保护自己，李贤不得已在他居住的东宫马坊里暗藏武器，以防不测。武则天发现后便以私藏武器，图谋不轨为借口，将李贤废为庶人，流放到巴州（今四川巴中县）。公元684年，李贤在巴州神秘地死去，年仅31岁。对于李贤之死，众说纷纭，但多数人认为是武则天怕李贤东山再起而派人害死的。唐中宗复位后，于公元706年，即武则天死后的第二年，将李贤遗骨迁到乾陵陪葬。公元711年，唐睿宗追封李贤为“章怀太子”。

1971年7月至1972年2月对章怀太子墓进行了发掘。考古发掘结果证实：章怀太子墓的地面形式和内部结构与永泰公主墓基本相同，只是规模小一些。墓由长斜坡形墓道、4个天井、4个过洞、6个便房、砖砌甬道和前后墓室组成。墓道全长71米、宽3.3米，深7米。该墓虽然被盗，但仍出土了高达1米以上的文臣俑、武士俑和彩绘镇墓兽，造型极为生动。墓中壁画共50多幅，计400平方米，保存基本完好。其中《迎宾图》、《狩猎出行图》、《打马球图》和《观鸟捕蝉图》等壁画中的人物，都比例匀称、和谐、准确，造型逼真，技巧圆熟，显示了唐代绘画艺术的高超水平。

墓道西壁的《打马球图》，画有骑马人物20多个，前面5个手执球杖，正在驱马抢球。其中一人作反身击球状，姿态矫健，得心应手。这幅壁画形象地再现了唐代马球比赛紧张惊险的夺球场面。唐代马球从波斯（今伊朗）传入中国，风行于宫廷。当时宫廷中上至皇帝，下至文武百官，甚至妇女都爱打马球。唐代的宫城和禁苑里多半筑有马球场，有的贵族官僚还有自己的马球场。唐代以后，马球运动开始全国流行，直到明朝末年才逐渐失传。

墓道中部东壁的《迎宾图》形象地再现了唐代官员接待外国使臣的场面。前面两个是热情的唐朝官员，后面3个是外国使臣。经考证，外国使臣中第一个是东罗马帝国人，第二个是朝鲜人，第三个是我国古代的少数民族突厥人。这幅壁画反映了唐王朝活跃的外交及唐王朝与我国其他少数民族友好往来的实况。

今天的旅程就在这里结束了。大家都辛苦了，回去好好休息吧。

The Tomb of Crown Prince Zhanghuai is one of the 17satellite tombs of the Qianling Mausoleum.It lies three kilometers southeast of the Qianling Mausoleum.

Crown Prince Zhanghuai was called Li Xian and was the second son of Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu Zetian.He was comparatively talented among Gaozong's children.Gaozong was fond of him and made him the crown prince.Li Xian once summoned famous scho－lars from all over the country to anno tate The Historical Records of the Later Han Dynas ty.The book referred to the historical fact that Lühou，wife of Emperor Gaozu，founder of the Han Dynasty，put many people from her family in impor tant positions.She pushed out many courtiers and usurped the supreme power of the country which was held by the Liu Family after her husband's death.Wu Zetian thought that she was attacked by insinuation and compared to Lühou.She felt angry about this. So she tried every means to bring harm to Li Xian. To protect himself，Li Xian hid some weapons in the stable at the Eastern Palace where he lived.When Wu Zetian discovered this，she deprived him of the title of crown prince and made him a commoner. She exiled him to Bazhou（pre－sent－day Bazhong County，in Sichuan Province）on the pretext that he had hidden weapons secretly and was plotting an armed rebellion.In 684 AD，Li Xian died mysteri ously in Bazhou.He was only 31 years old.There are various explanations as to the cause of his death. Most people believed that Wu Zetian was afraid that he would stage a return，so she had him murdered. After Emperor Zhongzong returned to the throne，he had Li Xian's remains buried near the Qianling.In 706 AD，after Wu Zetian's death，Emperor Rui zong posthumously awarded him the title of Crown Prince Zhanghuai.

The excavation of the Tomb of Crown Prince Zhanghuai was carried out from July 1971 to Febru ary 1972.The grounds and the interior structure of the tomb are basically the same as those of Princess Yongtai，but it is a bit smaller in scale.The tomb consists of a long，sloping tomb passage，four sky lights，four passages，six niches，a brick corridor，an ante－chamber and a burial chamber.The tomb passage is 71 meters long，3.3 meters wide and 7 meters deep.Although the tomb was once robbed，over 600 articles were unearthed.They included various ceramic figurines，tri－colored cera－mic figu rines，articles for daily use and other bu－rial objects. The figures of civil officials and warriors are vivid and life－like.They are over one meter tall.To gether with guardians，they are worth special atten tion.There are more than 50 murals in the tomb，which occupies 400square meters，and remains ba sically intact.Of these paintings，Courtiers and Foreign Envoys，Hunting Procession，Polo Game and Watching Birds and Catching Cicadas are all true to life and skillfully drawn.These murals demon strate the superb artistic skills of the Tang Dynasty.

On the western wall of the tomb passage there is a fresco entitled Polo Game，which depicts 20 figures on horse back.With mallets in hand，the five at the head are trying to chase the ball.One of them has hit the ball dexte－rously behind his back. He looks strong and vigorous.This painting conjures up a thrilling spectacle of players trying to chase the ball at a polo match in the Tang Dynasty.Polo was introduced to China from Persia（present－day Iran）during the Tang Dynasty.It was very popular at the royal court.All the people of the court，from the emperor to civil and military officials and even women，liked playing polo.There were polo grounds in most of the imperial palaces and hunting reserves.Some noblemen had their own polo grounds.After the Tang Dynasty，polo became popular throughout the country.It gradually dimin ished towards the end of the Ming Dynasty.

The painting entitled Courtiers and Foreign Envoys is found on the eastern wall in the middle of the tomb passage.It vividly reproduces the scene of Tang officials greeting foreign envoys.In front are two enthusiastic Tang officials，and behind them are three foreign envoys.Research confirms that the first envoy came from the Eastern Roman Empire，the se－cond from Korea，the third from the Tujue tribe，an ethnic minority tribe in ancient China.This mural reflects the active exchange of friendly and diplomatic visits between China and foreign countries during the Tang Dynasty.

Our trip today is complete here.Let's go back now and you can have a good rest.

快乐旅途

不是的，先生

No，Sir

一天，有位新到的经理来到办公室问候他的属下们。他站在办公室前面说道：“你们当中有谁认为自己笨的请站起来？”

几分钟没有人说话，突然，一位年轻人站了起来。

“好，你好呀！看来你确实认为你是一个笨蛋？”经理问道。

年轻人回答道：“不是的，先生。我只是不想让您一个人站在前面。”

One day a new manager was greeting his office colleagues.He stood up in front of the office and said，“Would anyone who thinks he or she is stupid please stand up？”

After a minute or so of silence，ayoung man stood up.

“Well，good morning.So，you actually think you're a moron？”the manager said.

The young man replied，“No sir，I just didn't want to see you standing there all by yourself.”