2006年10月31日
Advance the Constructive and Cooperative China-US Relationship
Speech at Duke University October 31，2006
场景再现
杜克大学（Duke University）成立于1838年，是一所著名的私立综合研究型大学，以“知识和信念”（Knowledge and Faith）为校训。杜克大学位于美国南方北卡罗来纳州德勒姆市，2012年，被《华尔街日报》列为全美第六名，被《美国新闻与世界报道》列为全美第十、世界第十四。杜克大学图书馆藏书量为全美大学第三，仅次于哈佛和耶鲁。杜克大学的体育，尤其是篮球十分有名，是美最佳的篮球名校。
演讲文稿
女士们、先生们：
十分感谢杜克大学邀请我和我的夫人、同事访问贵校。杜克大学是美国著名的私立综合性大学，为美国社会各界培养了无数杰出的人才。我很高兴地了解到，现在我们所在的Pratt School of Engineering有50%以上的研究生来自中国。我相信正是由于杜克大学的雄厚实力，才吸引了如此众多的中国学生不远万里来杜克大学求学。我希望杜克大学的中国同学在这里勤奋学习，日后为祖国的建设贡献力量。我也欢迎美国同学们毕业后到中国去开创你们自己的事业。
女士们、先生们：
在座的诸位对中美关系都很感兴趣。我愿借此机会谈谈对当前中美关系的看法，与大家一道探讨两国如何增进互信、加强合作，全面推进中美建设性合作关系。
Ladies and Gentlemen，
I want to begin by thanking the Duke University for the kind invitation to me，my wife and my colleagues.It is a pleasure to visit this private comprehensive university that is renowned for having trained countless talents for various social sectors of the United States.I am also pleased to know that fifty percent of the graduate students here at the Pratt School of Engineering are from China.I am sure it is the outstanding academic strength of the Duke University that has attracted so many Chinese students from the other side of the globe.I hope my young fellow countrymen will study hard and，upon completion of your studies，return to help build a better homeland.I also want to say to the American students here: when you graduate and start to build a career，think about going to China.You are all welcome.
Ladies and Gentlemen，
I understand that there is among you a great deal of interest in China-US relations.So I wish to take this opportunity to share with you my views on the current status of China-US relationship and I look forward to exploring with you ways to enhance mutual trust and strengthen cooperation between our countries in order to advance the constructive and cooperative China-US relationship in an all-round way.
美国是世界上最大的发达国家，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。没有人能否认，中美关系是世界上最重要的双边关系之一。中美关系的好坏，不仅会影响到两国和两国人民，而且对整个世界都会发生重要的影响。在中美两国领导人和两国人民的共同努力下，当前中美关系总体保持稳定并不断取得新的发展。这主要突出表现在以下六个方面（1）：
一、两国关系定位越来越清晰。2001年，江泽民主席与布什总统在上海APEC会晤期间，就中美发展建设性合作关系达成重要共识，有力地推动了近年来中美关系的发展。去年以来，“利益攸关方”屡屡被人们用来形容中美关系（2）。这一提法是美前常务副国务卿佐立克先生最先提出的，随后迅速被各界所接受。今年4月,胡锦涛主席应布什总统邀请对美国进行国事访问期间。两国元首就全面推进21世纪中美建设性合作关系达成新的重要共识，确认中美拥有广泛而重要的共同战略利益。胡主席还向布什总统指出，中美不仅是利益攸关方，而且应该是建设性合作者。布什总统表示，中国是维护世界和平的关键伙伴，美国欢迎一个和平、繁荣的中国，中美合作领域日益宽广，对世界和平发挥着日益重要的影响，赞同美中既是利益攸关方又是建设性合作者。两国领导人达成的上述共识，是对当前和未来中美关系清晰准确的定位，丰富了中美建设性合作关系的内涵，为当前和今后一个时期两国关系的健康稳定发展指明了方向，提供了强大动力。
The United States is the biggest developed country in the world and China is the biggest developing country.There is no doubt that the relationship between China and the United States is one of the most important bilateral relationships in the world.The state of this relationship not only affects our countries and peoples but also has an impact on the whole world in a significant way.Thanks to the concerted efforts of our leaders and our peoples，the current bilateral relationship on the whole is stable and continues to make new progress，as shown in the following six aspects（1）.
First，the nature of our bilateral relationship is more clearly defined.During their meeting in Shanghai on the sidelines of the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting in 2001，President Jiang Zemin and President George W.Bush reached important agreement on developing the constructive and cooperative China-US relationship，which gave a strong push to China-US ties in recent years.Over the past year，the term “stakeholders” had been frequently quoted to characterize China-US relationship（2）.First coined and made official by former Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick，this term was quickly accepted by all sides.Last April，President Hu Jintao paid a state visit to the United States at the invitation of President Bush.During the visit，the two presidents reached important new agreement on advancing the all-round growth of the constructive and cooperative China-US relationship in the 21st century.They agreed that China and the United States have broad and important strategic common interests.President Hu also told his host that China and the United States are not only stakeholders，but also constructive partners.And according to President Bush，China is a key partner in maintaining world peace and the United States welcomes a peaceful and prosperous China.The cooperation between the United States and China covers broad areas and has an increasingly important impact on world peace.President Bush agreed that our countries are both stakeholders and constructive partners.The above agreement between the presidents is a clear definition of the current status and future direction of China-US relationship.It has enriched our constructive cooperation and charted the course and provided strong impetus for the sound and steady growth of the bilateral relationship.
此外，美新任财政部长鲍尔森9月13日在财政部发表演讲时表示，中国已成为一个全球经济领袖；一个繁荣、稳定的中国对美有巨大利害关系；美应推动中国在开放的国际贸易投资体系中成为负责任的管理者。
二、两国高层保持着密切沟通与接触。除了刚才我提到的胡锦涛主席今年4月对美国进行国事访问外，两国元首今年7月在俄罗斯圣彼得堡出席八国发展中国家领导人对话会期间再次成功会晤。此外，两国元首年内还四次通电话，并通过互致信函和口信等方式就中美关系和双方共同关心的重大国际及地区问题交换意见。
两国在其他级别和领域也保持着十分密切的交往。……
三、中美经贸合作持续保持快速增长。中美经贸合作不仅给两国带来巨大实惠，而且对地区和世界经济的增长发挥着越来越重要的作用。中美经贸关系发展日趋密切，双边贸易额由建交时的24亿美元跃升至去年的2116亿美元，增长了80多倍（3）。……
In addition，the newly appointed Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson also stated in his speech at the Treasury Department on September 13 that China is already a global economic leader；that the United States has a huge stake in a prosperous and stable China；and that the United States should encourage China to accept the responsibility as a steward of an open international system of trade and investment.
Second，our two countries have maintained close communication and contacts at high level.In addition to President Hu Jintao’s state visit to the United States last April，our presidents held another successful meeting in St.Petersburg，Russia where they attended the outreach session of the G8 summit.The presidents also exchanged four telephone calls and a number of correspondence and messages in order to stay in touch with each other on China-US relations and major international and regional issues of shared interest.
China and the United States have also stayed in touch at various levels and in various areas....
Third，the economic cooperation and trade between China and the United States has continued to grow rapidly，bringing enormous and tangible benefits to our two countries and playing an increasingly important role in both regional and global economic growth.Over the years，China-US economic and trade ties have grown ever closer.Bilateral trade volume has soared from 2.4 billion US dollars in the early days of our diplomatic relations to 211.6 billion US dollars in 2005，increasing over 80 folds（3）....
据美方统计，今年1～7月，中美贸易额为1830.1亿美元，同比增长19.47%。其中，中国对美出口1521.8亿美元，同比增长16.64%；美对华出口继续保持高速增长，达308.3亿美元，同比增长35.7%（4）。
我知道大家都很关心美对华贸易存在较大逆差这个问题。造成这个问题的原因十分复杂，其中一个重要原因是美对华出口商品太过单一。今年上半年，中国自美进口最多的是集成电路，20亿美元。第二位是飞机，18亿美元。第三位是棉花，16亿美元。第四位是大豆。中国重视美方在经贸问题上的关切，愿意扩大从美国的进口，愿与美方开展一些大项目的合作，以减少美对华贸易逆差。今年4月吴仪副总理来美主持中美商贸联委会期间，随吴副总理访美的中国企业家代表团共签署108项采购合同或协议，金额逾162亿美元，涉及大豆、棉花、禽肉、软件、飞机及零部件、汽车及零部件、医疗设备、电子和机械等。应该指出的是，美方应放宽对华出口限制，不能只要求中国不停地购买飞机和农产品（5）。
US statistics show that total China-US trade from January to July this year has exceeded 183.01 billion US dollars，growing by 19.47% year on year.The US import from China totaled 152.18 billion US dollars，growing by 16.64%，and the US export to China，standing at 30.83 billion dollars，has grown by 35.7%（4）.
I know you are concerned about the relatively large US trade deficit with China.What caused the trade deficit remains complex.An important factor is that US exports to China lack variety.The biggest US export to China in the first half of this year is integrated circuits，totaling 2 billion dollars.At 1.8 and 1.6 billion dollars，aircrafts and cotton come second and third，followed by soybean.China takes US concerns over trade issue seriously and is willing to buy more from the United States in order to help bring down US trade deficit with China.Last April，while Chinese Vice Premier Wu Yi was co-chairing the annual meeting of the China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade in Washington，DC，the delegation of Chinese businessmen who traveled with the Vice Premier signed with their US counterparts 108 purchasing contracts and agreements valued at over 16.2 billion US dollars.The products involved ranged from soybean，cotton and poultry to software，aircrafts and spare parts，automobile and auto parts，medical equipment，electronics and machinery.It must be pointed out that the United States should lift its restrictions on export to China，rather than merely asking China to keep buying aircrafts and farm produce alone（5）.
四、中美在处理重大国际及地区问题、维护地区和国际安全方面保持着密切的磋商与协调。……
大家都很关心朝核问题，下面我想谈谈中国在该问题上的立场。
中国坚决反对朝鲜核试，坚持半岛无核化目标，反对核扩散，主张通过对话和谈判和平解决朝核问题，维护半岛和东北亚和平与稳定。10月15日，联合国安理会一致通过了朝鲜核试问题的第1718号决议。中方认为这是一个平衡的决议。1718号决议对联合国应采取的措施有明确的规定，中方作为联合国成员和安理会常任理事国，将认真履行安理会所通过的各项决议，严格按照决议的内容行事。
朝鲜核试后，唐家璇国务委员作为胡锦涛主席的特别代表先后访问了美国、俄罗斯和朝鲜，与有关方面深入交换了意见。赖斯国务卿也对中国进行了访问。唐国委在朝鲜访问期间，双方就朝核问题进行了深入探讨。中方认为出现了一些积极的信息。在这之后，朝鲜方面也通过其他渠道表示，朝鲜愿意重新回到六方会谈。这也是值得我们注意的积极信息。
Fourth，China and the United States have maintained close consultations and coordination on major international and regional issues and worked together to safeguard international and regional security....
In view of your interest in the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula，let me take a moment to brief you on China’s position regarding this issue.
China is firmly opposed to the nuclear test by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.We adhere to the objective of denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula，oppose nuclear proliferation and stand for peaceful solution of the nuclear issue through dialogue and negotiation so as to maintain peace and stability on the Peninsula and in the rest of Northeast Asia.On October 15，the UN Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1718 on the DPRK nuclear test.We believe that the Resolution is balanced.It has clear-cut provisions regarding what measures should be taken by the United Nations.As a UN member state and a permanent member of its Security Council，China will earnestly honor the Security Council resolutions and act in strict accordance with relevant provisions.
After the nuclear test by DPRK，China’s State Councilor Tang Jiaxuan，in the capacity of special envoy of President Hu Jintao，visited the United States，Russia and the DPRK for in-depth exchanges of views and Secretary Rice also visited China.While he was in DPRK，State Councilor Tang Jiaxuan held in-depth discussions with his counterpart on the nuclear issue.The Chinese side believed that there were positives signals in those discussions.The DPRK side later also indicated through other channels its willingness to return to the Six-Party Talks.This is a positive sign that deserves our attention.
我们认为，目前解决朝核问题的关键包括两个方面：第一，各方要继续冷静应对，避免因对抗导致局势失控、动荡；第二，当务之急是通过各方共同努力，尽快恢复六方会谈，使各方坐在一起，就下一步如何处理当前朝鲜半岛的局势、实现半岛无核化进行深入讨论，这样做符合各方的共同利益。
五、中美在应对恐怖主义、大规模杀伤性武器扩散、跨国犯罪、自然灾害、疾病传播等非传统安全威胁方面开展了广泛、积极的合作。……
六、两国议会、军队和民间交往日益密切。……
两国地方政府间已缔结了35对友好省州和126对友好城市关系，成为中美人民友谊的重要纽带。其中，北卡州与中国辽宁省早在1987年就建立了友好省州关系。北卡州的威尔明顿（Wilmington）、夏洛特（Charlotte）和杰克逊维尔（Jacksonville）三市分别与中国三座城市建立了友城关系。……
In our view，two things are crucial in seeking a solution to the DPRK nuclear issue.First，all parties concerned should respond calmly and avoid confrontation which would drive the situation out of control and toward greater instability.Second，it is urgent that all parties should work together to resume the Six-Party Talks as soon as possible so that they can sit down together and talk in great depth about how to handle the current situation and achieve denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.This is the shared interest of all parties.
Fifth，China and the United States have carried out active and extensive cooperation to counter the threats from terrorism，proliferation of weapons of mass destruction，cross-border crimes，natural disasters and spread of diseases.…
Sixth，inter-parliamentary，militaryto-military and people-to-people exchanges are increasing....
At the local level，35 sister province/ state and 126 sister city relationships serve as an important bond of friendship linking the peoples of China and the United States.Here in North Carolina，for example，you have had a sister relationship with China’s Liaoning Province since 1987，and the cities of Wilmington，Charlotte and Jacksonville have also entered into sister city ties with three Chinese cities....
女士们、先生们：
……
布什总统今年4月向来访的胡锦涛主席重申，美国政府在台湾问题上的立场没有变化，美方坚持一个中国政策，理解中方在台湾问题上的关切，不希望看到台湾当局单方面改变台海现状的行动影响中美关系。
我们希望美方恪守坚持一个中国政策、遵守中美三个联合公报、反对“台独”的承诺，与中方一道坚决反对和遏制“台独”，不与台当局进行任何官方往来，停止售台先进武器，不向“台独”分裂势力发出任何错误信号，维护两国关系大局和共同战略利益。
……
谢谢大家！
Ladies and Gentlemen，
...
Last April，President Bush reiterated to President Hu Jintao the unchanging position of the US government on the question of Taiwan，that is，the United States adheres to the one China policy，understands China’s concerns over the question of Taiwan and does not want to see China-US relations hampered by any unilateral actions on the part of the Taiwan authority to change the status quo in the Taiwan Straits.
We hope that the United States will honor in good faith its commitment to the one China policy，the three Sino-US Joint Communiqués and opposition to “Taiwan independence”，work with us to firmly oppose and curb “Taiwan independence”，have no official contact with the Taiwan authorities，stop selling advanced weapons to Taiwan，and refrain from sending any wrong signals to the secessionist forces for “Taiwan independence”，thus upholding the bilateral relations and common strategic interests of both countries.
...
Thank you!
咬文嚼字
1.在中美两国领导人和两国人民的共同努力下，当前中美关系总体保持稳定并不断取得新的发展。这主要突出表现在以下六个方面。
Thanks to the concerted efforts of our leaders and our peoples，the current bilateral relationship on the whole is stable and continues to make new progress，as shown in the following six aspects.
实用句型
在……的共同努力下，当前中美关系总体……这主要突出表现在以下……
Thanks to the concerted efforts of ...the current bilateral relationship on the whole is ...as shown in the following ...
实用词汇
幸好有了防火墙，网络管理员发现系统遭到了破坏。
Thanks to the firewall，network administrators found the system breached.
幸好他系了安全带，所以没有受伤。
Thanks to his seat belt，he walked away unharmed.
多亏你们帮忙，我们才提前完成了任务。
Thanks to your help，we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.
2.去年以来，“利益攸关方”屡屡被人们用来形容中美关系。
Over the past year，the term “stakeholders” had been frequently quoted to characterize China-US relationship.
实用句型
去年以来，“利益攸关方”屡屡被人们用来……
Over the past year，the term“stakeholders”had been frequently quoted to ...
实用词汇
你们项目的关键人员是谁？
Who are the stakeholders of your project?
他们通常是利益相关方聘请的专家，而不是利益相关方本人。
Usually，they are experts hired by stakeholders rather than stakeholders themselves.向利益相关者提供正确的数据有利于赢得公众信任。
Reporting accurate figures to stakeholders is crucial for gaining public trust.
3.中美经贸关系发展日趋密切，双边贸易额由建交时的24亿美元跃升至去年的2116亿美元，增长了80多倍。
Bilateral trade volume has soared from 2.4 billion US dollars in the early days of our diplomatic relations to 211.6 billion in 2005，increasing over 80 folds.
实用句型
双边贸易额由建交时的……跃升至……，增长了……多倍。
Bilateral trade volume has soared from ...in the early days of our diplomatic relations to ...increasing over ...folds.
实用词汇
中国是国际贸易第二大国。
China is the second largest country in terms of international trade volume.
这相当于澳大利亚整个国家的国民生产总值或是7%的世界贸易总量。
This is equivalent to the GDP （gross domestic product） of Australia or seven percent of global trade volume.
统计数字显示，该国的贸易额在5年增长了1倍。
Statistics suggest that the trade volume of the country has been doubled in five years.
4.据美方统计，今年1～7月，中美贸易额为1830.1亿美元，同比增长19.47%。其中中国对美出口1521.8亿美元，同比增长16.64%；美对华出口继续保持高速增长，达308.3亿美元，同比增长35.7%。
US statistics show that total China-US trade from January to July this year has exceeded 183.01 billion dollars，growing by 19.47% year on year.The US import from China totaled 152.18 billion，growing by 16.64%，and the US export to China，standing at 30.83 billion，has grown by 35.7%.
实用句型
据美方统计，中美贸易额为……同比增长……其中，中国对美出口……同比增长……美对华出口达……同比增长……
US statistics show that total China-US trade has exceeded ...growing by ...year on year.
The US import from China totaled ...growing by ...and the US export to China，standing at ... has grown by ...
实用词汇
不包括食物和能源的核心价格指数，环比去年下降1.3个百分点。
The core CPI （consumer price index），which excludes food and energy prices，dropped 1.3 percent year on year.
与去年同期相比，上述所有国家GDP均出现下滑，日本的降幅最大，达到6.5%。
Year on year，all nations are showing a contraction in GDP （gross domestic product），with Japan seeing the sharpest drop in output totaling 6.5 percent.
全球范围内，树木总量以及相应的有机质正逐年下降；有些地区自有记载以来，下降趋势从未停止。
Globally，the total number of trees and associated organic matter has fallen year on year，in some places for as long as records have existed.
5.应该指出的是，美方应放宽对华出口限制，不能只要求中国不停地购买飞机和农产品。
It must be pointed out that the United States should lift its restrictions on export to China，rather than merely asking China to keep buying aircrafts and farm produce alone.
实用句型
应该指出的是，美方应放宽……限制，不能只要求……
It must be pointed out that the United States should lift its restrictions on … rather than merely asking …
实用词汇
他的父母正试图补偿城市生活带给他的局限。
His parents are trying to make up to him for the restrictions of urban living.
两个目标都不能通过限制贸易来实现。
Neither goal is best served by trade restrictions.
本章将探索这些限制措施的法令和宪法含义。
This chapter will explore the statutory and constitutional implications of these restrictions.
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