2008年3月25日，美国新闻俱乐部
Adhere to the Basic State Policy of Conserving Resources and Protecting the Environment to Enhance the Capacity of Sustainable Development
Speech at World Environment Center Sponsored Lecture National Press Club，March 25，2008
场景再现
世界环境中心（WEC）成立于1974年，是一个全球性非营利组织，总部设在华盛顿。其宗旨是与政府、非政府机构和其他利益相关者建立伙伴关系，推动可持续发展战略。在中国，世界环境中心与通用汽车中国公司及其合资企业开展的绿色供应链项目卓有成效。
世界环境中心邀请我到美全国新闻俱乐部介绍中国的环境保护情况，这给了我一个全面介绍我国节约资源和保护环境基本国策的机会。
演讲文稿
主席先生，女士们、先生们：
我很高兴应世界环境中心的邀请，向在座的美国朋友介绍中国在可持续发展方面取得的进展，也非常欢迎美国政府和人民继续支持中国在节约资源、保护环境方面做出的努力（1）。
建设生态文明、实现可持续发展是中国努力和奋斗的方向。中国国家主席胡锦涛在前不久召开的中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会上发表重要讲话，阐述了今后一个时期中国全面建设小康社会、建设现代化社会主义国家的基本战略和指导思想。胡主席特别强调，要坚持全面协调可持续发展，使人民在良好生态环境中生产生活，实现经济社会永续发展。胡主席还郑重宣布，到2020年中国全面建设小康社会目标实现之时，我们这个历史悠久的文明古国和发展中国家，将成为人民富裕程度普遍提高、生活质量明显改善、生态环境良好的国家。这是中国领导人对全体人民的庄严承诺，也是对世界的庄严承诺。
Mr.President，Ladies and Gentlemen，
It is a pleasure to come here at the invitation of World Environment Center to brief you on the latest progress that China has made in striving for sustainable development.And I welcome continued support from the US government and people for China’s efforts in conserving resources and protecting the environment（1）.
Developing a conservation culture and realizing sustainable development are the objectives of China.In the important report to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China not long ago，President Hu Jintao outlined the strategy and guiding principles for building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and achieving socialist modernization in the coming period of time.The President stressed in particular the need for comprehensive，balanced and sustainable development to ensure a sound eco-environment for the people and continuous economic and social progress.President Hu also announced that when the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way is attained by 2020，China，a developing country with an ancient civilization，will become a country whose people are better off and enjoy markedly improved quality of life and sound eco-environment.This is the solemn commitment of the Chinese leadership to the Chinese people and the whole world.
节约资源、保护环境是中国的一项基本国策。中国政府把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会放在工业化、现代化发展战略的突出位置，确立了“十一五”期间单位GDP能耗降低20%左右，主要污染物排放总量减少10%的目标。近年来中国政府持续加大宏观调控力度，加快产业升级步伐，努力使产业结构、增长方式、消费模式向有利于节约能源资源和保护生态环境方向调整。
建设生态文明是全体中国人民的共识和自觉行动。中国文化中“天人合一”的思想源远流长，强调人与自然的和谐统一、人的行为与自然的协调、道德理性和自然理性的一致（2）。中国有一句古语“不涸泽而渔，不焚林而猎”（《淮南子》），体现的就是这个思想。中国人民本着对社会、对自然负责任的态度，以勤俭节约的精神合理利用资源能源，保护生态环境，以辛勤劳动改变贫困面貌，不断提高生活质量。
Conserving resources and protecting the environment is a basic state policy of China.Highlighting the building of a resources-conserving and environmentalfriendly society in our industrialization and modernization strategy，the Chinese government sets relevant goals for the 11th Five-Year Plan period，namely reducing energy consumption per unit GDP by 20% and cutting total emission of major pollutants by 10%.In recent years，the Chinese government has enhanced macro control and stepped up industrial upgrading in an effort to adapt the industrial structure，growth model and consumption pattern to the need for conserving resources and protecting the environment.
Building a conservation culture is the consensus and conscientious action of the Chinese people.The “unity of heaven and man” has been a traditional philosophy in China since ancient times.It advocates the harmony between man and nature，the balance between human behavior and nature，and the agreement between moral reason and natural law（2）.It is well reflected in an ancient Chinese saying，“One shall not drain the pond to catch fish，nor burn up the whole tracts of forests to hunt animals”（Writings of Prince Huainan）.With a sense of responsibility for human society and nature，the Chinese people will use natural resources in the spirit of frugality so as to protect the ecoenvironment，and，at the same time，will work hard to reverse poverty and improve the quality of life.
近一个时期以来，美国社会各界十分关注中国的环境保护和可持续发展问题。这一方面反映了中美两国的经济社会联系正在进一步加深；另一方面也是美国重视全球气候变化问题的一个具体体现。在此，我愿意客观地向大家提供中国在这方面的基本情况和最新进展。
应该看到，当前中国工业化、城镇化进程正在加快，经济处于新一轮上升期。在过去五年里，中国的GDP年均增长在10%以上。同时，中国经济也存在不少影响稳定发展和可持续发展的问题，比如流动性过剩、外贸顺差大、投资率偏高、商品价格涨幅较大等，其中比较突出的是经济社会发展与资源环境的矛盾。以水环境保护为例，2007年中国的太湖、巢湖、滇池大规模爆发蓝藻，一些重要的饮用水源相继受到影响，从一个侧面反映了中国的可持续发展问题面临严峻挑战。中国政府对此高度重视，正在采取有力措施加以解决。
Recently，people from different sectors in the United States have shown a great interest in China’s environmental protection and sustainable development.On the one hand，such interest reflects the growing economic and social bond between China and the United States.On the other hand，it indicates that the United States takes global climate change seriously.Here，I would like to share with you，in an objective way，some basic facts and the latest progress in China in this regard.
It should be noted that industrialization and urbanization in China is gaining momentum.The economy is in another round of growth.The past five years witnessed an annual GDP growth rate of over 10% on average.Meanwhile，there are also problems in the Chinese economy that could hamper its steady and sustainable development.These include： excessive liquidity，large trade surplus，high investment-to-GDP ratio and rapid price rise.Among others，a major problem is the conflict between economic and social development on one side and resources and the environment on the other.Take water protection for example.In 2007，large-scale spirulina pollution plagued China’s Taihu Lake，Chaohu Lake and Dianchi Lake，where important drinking water sources were affected.This from one angle shows how severe the challenges are for China to achieve sustainable development.The Chinese government attaches great importance to this issue and has been taking effective measures to address it.
首先，中国实施了节能减排重大举措。2007年，国务院成立了以温家宝总理为组长的节能减排工作领导小组，发布了节能减排综合性工作方案，明确了一系列重大政策措施，并进行了全国性动员和部署。经过各个方面的共同努力，污染减排工作成效开始显现。在燃煤电厂脱硫方面，2006年全国新增燃煤电厂烟气脱硫机组装机容量达到1.04亿千瓦，超过前10年总和的两倍；2007年前三季度又有7412万千瓦燃煤机组安装了脱硫设施，装备脱硫设施的燃煤机组装机容量占全部火电装机容量的比例提高到45%。2007年前三季度，中国在GDP增长11.5%的同时，单位GDP能耗在2006年基础上继续下降，同比降低3%；二氧化硫（SO2）和化学需氧量（COD）排放总量由升转降，同比分别减少1.81%和0.28%。这一重大转折，标志着中国在节约资源和环境保护方面取得了历史性进展。
First，China has taken significant measures to conserve energy and reduce emission.In 2007，the State Council set up a leading group on energy conservation and emission reduction headed by Premier Wen Jiabao，announced a comprehensive working plan for conserving energy and cutting emission，and decided on and rolled out across the country a series of important policy measures.The measures have shown initial effect in reducing pollution and emission thanks to the joint efforts of relevant agencies and sectors.In 2006，flue gas desulphurization units were installed on coal-fired power generators with a total capacity of 104 million kilowatts.That more than doubled the total installation in the previous decade.In the first three quarters of 2007，another 74.12 million kilowatts of power generators were equipped with the facilities.Thus，coal-fired generators that have completed this installation accounted for 45% of total thermal power generator capacity in China.In the same period of time，China’s GDP increased by 11.5% while energy intensity dropped by 3% year on year.Emissions of sulphur dioxide and COD began to decrease，dropping by 1.81% and 0.28% year on year respectively.This is an important turning point that marks China’s historical progress in resources conservation and environmental protection.
第二，中国加快了产业结构调整步伐。通过完善产业政策，从节约、环保等方面提高市场准入门槛，遏制高耗能、高排放、高污染的行业，加大淘汰落后产能的力度，特别是加大了钢铁、水泥、电力、造纸等13个行业落后产能的淘汰力度，从源头上遏制了污染排放势头（3）。2007年前三季度，全国关停并淘汰落后水泥产能2500万吨、电石40万吨、机焦1100万吨、小炼铁969万吨、小炼钢873万吨、小造纸170万吨、酒精35万吨。全年关停小火电机组1000万千瓦的目标提前两月实现。在淘汰落后产能的同时，鼓励新上技术水平高、规模大的项目。2007年1～10月，有365个大型工业项目通过环评审批，这些项目建成投产的同时，将淘汰相应规模的落后产能，预计每年减少二氧化硫排放量达31万吨，每年减少化学需氧量达7300吨。
Second，China has accelerated its industrial structural adjustment process.Through improving the industrial policies and raising the energy and environmental thresholds for market access，we have been working to contain the expansion of industries with high energy consumption，emission and pollution，and step up our efforts to eliminate outdated production capacity，especially in thirteen industries including iron and steel，cement，power generation and paper making（3）.These efforts are meant to contain pollution at the source.In the first three quarters of 2007，we shut down outdated production facilities in various sectors，which included，in terms of production capacity，25 million tons of cement，400,000 tons of calcium carbide，11 million tons of coke，350,000 tons of alcohol and 9.69 million tons of iron，8.73 million tons of steel and 1.7 million tons of paper by substandard mini mills.We hit the yearly target of closing down 10 million kilowatts of small thermal power generators two months ahead of schedule.At the same time，we are encouraging hi-tech，large-scale projects.During the first ten months of 2007，365 large-scale industrial projects passed the environmental assessment.When finished and put into operation，these projects will replace the equivalent outdated production capacities and help reduce annual emission of sulphur dioxide and COD by an estimated 310,000 tons and 7,300 tons respectively.
第三，中国加大了生态环境建设力度。在城市和部分农村，建设了一大批污水处理厂和垃圾处理场。在2006年全国新增1156万吨/日的城市污水处理能力的基础上，2007年前三季度又建成污水处理能力近900万吨/日，目前全国城镇污水处理率提高到近60%。加快了燃煤火电机组脱硫设施建设，2006年和2007年全国新增脱硫机组2亿千瓦左右。五年来还累计安排退耕还林1.4亿亩，退牧还草4.4亿亩。这些大规模的环境工程建设，使一些地区的环境状况得到改善。
第四，中国加强了执法监督工作。通过制定修改一系列环境法律法规，强化了环境执法监管，开展了环境隐患排查（4）。今年，中国开展了打击环境违法行为、维护群众健康环保专项行动，共检查企业86万家次，对其中620家不能稳定达标的造纸企业实行停产整治，对403家造纸企业要求限期完善治污设施，通过强化造纸企业治污设施管理，预计每年可减排化学需氧量30万吨。同时，追究涉嫌违法排污责任人545名，严厉打击了企业违法排污行为。
Third，China has stepped up its efforts to improve the eco-environment.We have built a large number of wastewater treatment plants and solid wastes treatment facilities in cities and some rural areas.After increasing the urban wastewater treatment capacity by 11.56 million tons per day in 2006，we put in place new facilities in the first three quarters of 2007 that could handle 9 million tons of wastewater per day.Thus，the ratio of urban wastewater treatment has increased to nearly 60%.We have accelerated the installation of desulphurization facilities in thermal power plants，with 200 million kilowatts of generator groups equipped with desulphurization units in 2006 and 2007.Over the last five years，China has reverted over 9.3 million hectares of farmland to forests and over 29.3 million hectares of grazing land to grassland.These large-scale projects have improved the local environment.
Fourth，China has strengthened law enforcement and supervision.Through enacting and amending a series of laws and regulations on the environment，China has strengthened environmental law enforcement and supervision，and launched investigations on potential environmental problems（4）.In this year’s “special campaign for good environment and health”，a total of 860,000 inspections on business operations were conducted，620 paper-making companies that failed to steadily meet relevant criteria were ordered to suspend their production and 403 paper-making companies were asked to improve their pollution treatment facilities within a time limit.Better management of waste treatment by paper-making businesses is expected to reduce the COD emission by an estimate of 300,000 tons every year.In addition，we held 545 people accountable for suspected illegal emissions，dealing a heavy blow on corporate pollution.
第五，中国继续完善节能环保经济政策。中国政府加大了对节能环保的投入力度，调整了矿产品的资源税，提高了原油、成品油价格，实行了限制高耗能企业发展、鼓励电厂脱硫和可再生能源发展的电价政策，完善了生活污水和垃圾处理收费制度，建立起治污设施市场化运营机制，对防治环境污染起到了较好的杠杆调节作用。
第六，中国高度重视气候变化问题。在过去的26年，中国单位GDP能耗下降了64.5%，造林护林规模不断扩大，为控制温室气体发挥了重要作用。前不久，中国制定了应对气候变化国家方案，成立了温家宝总理为组长的应对气候变化领导小组。中国将全力落实国家方案，根据《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》，本着“共同但有区别的责任”原则，承担应有的国际责任和义务，推进完成降低能耗、增加可再生能源、提高森林覆盖率、发展低碳经济等应对气候变化的具体目标和任务（5）。
Fifth，China has been improving its economic policies relating to energy and environmental conservation.The Chinese government has increased input into energy conservation and environmental protection，adjusted the taxes on mineral resources，raised the prices of crude and refined oil products，and adopted a policy of electricity rates that limits the expansion of businesses with high energy consumption and encourages desulphurization and development of renewable energy.We have also improved the system of treatment fees for domestic wastewater and solid wastes，and set up a market-based operating mechanism for pollution-control facilities.All these have served as an effective leverage in pollution prevention and control.
Sixth，China attaches great importance to climate change.The 64.5% drop in China’s energy consumption per unit GDP and the expansion of forest plantations and protected forest areas over the past 26 years have played an important role in controlling greenhouse gas emission.Not long ago，China issued its national plan for tackling climate change and formed a leading group headed by Premier Wen Jiabao.China will do its best to carry out the national plan.We will，in accordance with the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol and based on the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”，honor our due international responsibilities and obligations，and make progress in cutting energy consumption，expanding the use of renewable energy，increasing forest coverage and developing a low-carbon economy so as to hit the specific targets and accomplish our tasks（5）.
总之，中国作为一个拥有13亿人口的国家，解决自身的资源环境与可持续发展问题是一项具有挑战性的重大课题，也是一项对人类可持续发展具有重要意义的事业。中国政府和人民充分认识到自己的使命和责任，正在为之不懈努力和奋斗。
女士们、先生们：
面向未来，人类社会实现共同的、可持续发展的任务仍然十分艰巨，这需要世界各国携起手来，共同面对问题和挑战。当前，全球气候变化是国际社会关注的焦点。当前，世界各国应肩负起自己的责任，采取实际行动解决这一问题。已实现工业化的发达国家应该正视自己的历史责任和当前人均排放水平仍然居高的现实，严格履行减排目标，并在资金投入、技术转让、人员培训和机制建设等方面，给发展中国家提供更多的帮助。各国只有坦诚务实，合作应对气候变化，人类的可持续发展才能取得实质性进展。
All in all，for China，a country with 1.3 billion people，addressing its own issues of resources，environment and sustainable development is not only a challenging job but also a meaningful cause of great significance to the sustainable development of mankind.The Chinese government and people are fully aware of their mission and responsibility，and they are making unremitting efforts to that end.
Ladies and Gentlemen，
Achieving mankind’s goal of common and sustainable development remains an arduous task.It calls for joint efforts of all countries to stand up to the problems and challenges.At present，climate change is a central concern of the international community.Every country needs to assume its due responsibility and take real actions to address this issue.Developed countries，which have already accomplished their industrialization，should recognize their historical responsibilities and the fact that their per capita emission remains high.They should therefore meet their emission reduction targets.And they should provide more help to developing countries in capital investment，technology transfer，training and institution building.Only when countries of the world engage in candid and practical cooperation to tackled climate change can there be substantial progress in the sustainable development of mankind.
保护好中国的环境，解决好中国的能源问题，不仅是对中国可持续发展的贡献，也是对世界的贡献。中国政府对此责无旁贷，同时我们也需要国际上的支持与合作。我希望美国的媒体能够客观报道中国发展中存在的环境和资源能源问题，希望少一些炒作与指责，多一些理解与支持。我们欢迎美国政府、企业、科研机构进一步加强同中方的交流与合作，参与中国的环保和能源工程建设，开展资源环境和能源领域的科技合作，深化人才培训合作，鼓励帮助中国引入先进的环保和能源装备、技术、人才、管理经验以及相关投资，增强中国的节能环保和可持续发展能力。
最后，感谢在座各位对中国发展的关心和支持。
谢谢大家!
Protecting China’s environment and resolving its energy issue effectively is a contribution to the sustainable development of not only China but also the world as a whole.The Chinese government takes this as its unshirkable responsibility.At the same time，we also need international support and cooperation.I hope that the media in the United States will take an objective perspective when covering stories concerning the environment，resources and energy that are part of the growing pain as China seeks to develop itself.We hope to see less hype-ups and accusations，and more understanding and support.We also hope that the US government，business community and scientific research institutions will further strengthen exchanges and cooperation with their Chinese counterparts，and we welcome their participation in China’s environmental protection and energy projects.We look forward to cooperating with them on resources，environment and energy science and technology，and deepening collaborations on human resources training.And we encourage them to help bring advanced environmental protection and energy efficiency facilities，technologies，talent，managerial expertise and relevant investment to China.This will help us strengthen China’s capacity of conserving energy and the environment and achieving sustainable development.
To conclude，I would like to express my appreciation to all of you for your care and support for China’s development.
Thank you!
咬文嚼字
1.我很高兴应世界环境中心的邀请，向在座的美国朋友介绍中国在可持续发展方面取得的进展，也非常欢迎美国政府和人民继续支持中国在节约资源、保护环境方面做出的努力。
It is a pleasure to come here at the invitation of World Environment Center to brief you on the latest progress that China has made in striving for sustainable development.And I welcome continued support from the US government and people for China’s efforts in conserving resources and protecting the environment.
实用句型
我很高兴应……的邀请，向在座……介绍……取得的进展，也非常欢迎美国政府和人民继续支持……
It is a pleasure to come here at the invitation of ...to brief you on the latest progress ...
I welcome continued support from the US government and people for ...
实用词汇
循环经济的可持续发展是个必然选择。
Sustainable development of circular economy is an inevitable choice.
城市化与可持续发展并不相悖。
There is no conflict between urbanization and sustainable development.
当今，可持续发展的战略思想已成为国际社会的共识。
Nowadays，the sustainable development strategy has become the consensus of the international community.
2.中国文化中“天人合一”的思想源远流长，强调人与自然的和谐统一、人的行为与自然的协调、道德理性和自然理性的一致。
The “unity of heaven and man” has been a traditional philosophy in China since ancient times.It advocates the harmony between man and nature，the balance between human behavior and nature，and the agreement between moral reason and natural law.
实用句型
中国文化中……的思想源远流长，强调……的和谐统一、……的协调、……的一致。
The ...has been a traditional philosophy in China since ancient times.
It advocates the harmony between ...，the balance between ...，and the agreement between ...
实用词汇
政通人和。
The government functions well and the people live in harmony.
和谐是儒学的核心思想。
Harmony is the core idea of Confucianism.
作为一个政治哲学家，柏拉图希望达到和谐和效率。
As a political philosopher，Plato desired to achieve harmony and efficiency.
3.通过完善产业政策，从节约、环保等方面提高市场准入门槛，遏制高耗能、高排放、高污染的行业，加大淘汰落后产能的力度，特别是加大了钢铁、水泥、电力、造纸等13个行业落后产能的淘汰力度，从源头上遏制了污染排放势头。
Through improving the industrial policies and raising the energy and environmental thresholds for market access，we have been working to contain the expansion of industries with high energy consumption，emission and pollution，and step up our efforts to eliminate outdated production capacity，especially in thirteen industries including iron and steel，cement，power generation and paper making.
实用句型
通过完善……提高市场准入门槛，遏制……特别是加大了……13个行业落后产能的淘汰力度，……
Through improving ...and raising ...for market access，we have been working to contain ...and step up our efforts to eliminate outdated production capacity，especially in thirteen industries including ...
实用词汇
这种饮食据称具有排除体内毒素的作用。
This diet claims to eliminate toxins from the body.
我们必须剔除不必要的开支。
We must eliminate unnecessary expenses.
消除贫困是全人类不能回避的问题。
How to eliminate poverty is an inescapable question for mankind.
4.通过制定修改一系列环境法律法规，强化了环境执法监管，开展了环境隐患排查。
Through enacting and amending a series of laws and regulations on the environment，China has strengthened environmental law enforcement and supervision，and launched investigations on potential environmental problems.
实用句型
通过制定修改一系列……强化了……开展了……
Through enacting and amending a series of ...，China has strengthened ...，and launched ...
实用词汇
本世纪人们对环境的破坏史无前例。
This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale.
这种做法对环境造成了深远的影响。
The practice had far-reaching environmental consequences.
这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。
Environmental awareness has increased over the years.
5.中国将全力落实国家方案，根据《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》，本着“共同但有区别的责任”原则，承担应有的国际责任和义务，推进完成降低能耗、增加可再生能源、提高森林覆盖率、发展低碳经济等应对气候变化的具体目标和任务。
We will，in accordance with the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol and based on the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”，honor our due international responsibilities and obligations，and make progress in cutting energy consumption，expanding the use of renewable energy，increasing forest coverage and developing a low-carbon economy so as to hit the specific targets and accomplish our tasks.
实用句型
中国将根据……本着……原则，承担应有的……推进完成……的具体目标和任务。
We will，in accordance with ...and based on the principle of ...，honor our due ...，and make progress in ...so as to hit the specific targets and accomplish our tasks.
实用词汇
我们遵守日内瓦公约规定的程序。
We follow the Geneva Convention procedures.
他要是能参加此次会议，是最好不过的了。
It is most desirable that he should attend the convention.
按照惯例，领导人的副职总是由女性担任。
By convention，the deputy leader is always a woman.
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