中美关系的现在与未来

2008年4月3日，华盛顿

China-US Relations：Present and Future

Speech at the Panel Discussion on China-US Relations by Smithsonian Associates Washington，D.C.，April 3，2008

场景再现

史密森学会（Smithsonian Institution）是唯一由美国政府资助、半官方性质的博物馆机构。该学会由英国科学家史密森遗赠50万美元捐款并由美国国会立法，于1846年创建于美国首都华盛顿。学会下设19所博物馆和1所公立动物园。

史密森学会下属博物馆多次举办过不同内容的中国历史、文化展览，但同我驻美使馆联合举办中美关系研讨会尚属首次。2012年5月15日，中国文化部与美国史密森学会签署合作备忘录，确认中国将于2014年首次以国家名义参加第48届史密森民俗文化节。

巴舍夫斯基（Charlene Barshefsky）是美国克林顿政府贸易谈判代表。

芮效俭（Stapleton Roy）是美前驻中国大使。

演讲文稿

尊敬的Charlene Barshefsky大使，尊敬的Stapleton Roy大使，女士们、先生们：

晚上好！我很高兴出席史密森学会与中国驻美国使馆合作举办的这次活动。

我认为今天的讨论会选了一个非常好的主题：“US-China Relations：Looking Ahead”。回顾过去，总结经验，规划未来，对促进中美关系发展是十分有益的（1）。

在我迄今38年的外交生涯中，一多半时间是参与处理美国事务，亲身见证了两国关系正常化以来的发展进程。1978年12月16日中美发表《建交公报》时，我正在中国驻美国联络处工作。回顾过去，展望未来，感慨良多，我愿与大家分享以下几点看法。

Ambassador Charlene Barshefsky，Ambassador Stapleton Roy，Ladies and Gentlemen，

Good evening!

It is a great pleasure for me to join such a distinguished group at this panel discussion sponsored by the Smithsonian Associates in cooperation with the Chinese Embassy.

I believe that the theme for our discussion – US-China Relations：Looking Ahead – is quite befitting.Reviewing the past experiences and planning for the future will be very helpful for the growth of China-US relations（1）.

When our two countries issued the Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations on December 16，1978，I was working at the Chinese Liaison Office in Washington，D.C.Since then，I have spent more than half of my 38 years of diplomatic career on China-US relationship，and I have had the privilege to witness how this relationship has been growing over the years since normalization.In that context，and as I envision the future for this relationship，I would like to share with you some of my thoughts.

第一，中美关系是不断发展的。1979年1月1日，中美两国正式建立外交关系。建交29年多来，两国关系历经风风雨雨，总的看是不断向前发展，合作是两国关系的主流。近年来，在双方共同努力下，两国建设性合作关系保持稳定发展的积极势头，成为当今世界最重要的国与国关系之一。

第二，发展中美关系符合两国人民的根本利益。特别是，中美经贸合作给两国人民带来实实在在的好处。2007年，中美双边贸易额达到创纪录的3020.8亿美元，同比增长15%，是1979年的120多倍。现在，中美互为第二大贸易伙伴，中国连续6年是美国增长最快的主要出口市场。

据摩根士丹利测算，美国400万至800万个就业机会与中美贸易密切相关。中国向美国出口价廉物美的商品，使美消费者节省了大量开支。过去10年，中国出口产品为美消费者节省了6000多亿美元。中国不断开放的市场和日趋完善的投资环境给美国企业提供了巨大商机。

两国教育、文化、科技等领域的交流合作持续扩大，促进了相互理解，丰富了两国人民的生活。

First，China-US relationship has been growing steadily.In the past 29 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations on January 1，1979，China-US relationship on the whole has been moving forward in spite of the twists and turns.Cooperation has been its defining feature.Thanks to the joint efforts of both sides，the constructive and cooperative relationship has grown steadily and maintained a positive momentum in recent years.It has become one of the most important bilateral relations in today’s world.

Second，a better China-US relationship serves the fundamental interests of both peoples.It is particularly noteworthy that business cooperation delivers tangible benefits to the Chinese and American peoples.In 2007，bilateral trade reached a record high of 302.08 billion US dollars，representing an increase of 15% over the previous year or 120 times more than that of 1979.At present，China and the United States are each other’s second largest trading partners.And China has been a major and the fastest growing export market for the United States for six consecutive years.

According to the estimates of Morgan Stanley，four to eight million jobs in America are closely associated with China-US trade.The quality yet inexpensive products from China saved American consumers over 600 billion dollars in the past decade.With its market opening further and investment environment improving，China provides tremendous opportunities to the American business community.

Exchanges and cooperation in education，culture，science and technology are expanding steadily，helping to increase mutual understanding and enrich the life of our two peoples.

第三，中美关系日益具有重要战略意义和全球影响。近年来，中美在全球范围内日益频繁地互动，在反恐、防扩散、应对地区热点、打击跨国犯罪等传统、非传统安全问题以及能源安全、气候变化、疾病防控、减灾救灾等全球性问题上的利益交汇点多，合作面广。双方在朝核、伊朗核、苏丹达尔富尔、缅甸、巴基斯坦、中东等国际地区问题上保持密切沟通与协调，有力地维护和促进了亚太地区和世界的和平、稳定与繁荣。

第四，中美关系发展的机制化基础不断增强。近年来，中美各层次对话磋商机制日益完善（2）。中美战略经济对话和战略对话是两国在政治和经济层面进行深层次、战略性沟通的重要平台，迄今已分别举行三次和五次对话，对双方扩大共识、增进互信、促进合作发挥了重要作用。两国还通过60多个各类双边工作机制保持着密切沟通。

Third，China-US relationship is assuming greater strategic and global significance.Recent years have seen increasingly frequent interactions between China and the United States across the world.We have more rallying points in tackling traditional and non-traditional security issues such as counter-terrorism，non-proliferation，regional hot spots and transnational crimes.We also have growing common interests in handling global issues such as energy security，climate change，epidemic control and disaster mitigation and relief.Our cooperation is indeed all-encompassing.In addition，we stay in close consultation and coordination on the nuclear issue of the Korean Peninsula，the Iranian nuclear issue，Darfur，Myanmar，Pakistan，the Middle East and other international and regional issues.This has greatly helped maintain and promote peace，stability and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region and the world as a whole.

Fourth，bilateral mechanisms constitute a more solid foundation for the development of China-US relations.Dialogue and consultation mechanisms at various levels improved steadily in recent years（2）.The Strategic Economic Dialogue and the Strategic Dialogue，after three and five rounds respectively，provide important platforms for in-depth，strategic communications in economic and political areas.They have been instrumental in expanding common ground，building up mutual trust and promoting cooperation.In addition，China and the United States stay in close contact through more than 60 working mechanisms.

第五，中美双方应坚持通过对话协商妥善处理分歧和两国关系中的问题。由于历史、文化、社会制度不同，中美两国难免存在一些分歧和摩擦。关键是双方要相互尊重、平等相待、求同存异，坚持从战略高度审视和处理两国关系。双方需恪守中美三个联合公报的原则，尊重和照顾彼此关切，避免两国关系为一时一事所左右。

大家都很关注贸易不平衡、知识产权保护、产品安全等问题。中方一直重视并采取积极措施解决美方有关关切。需要指出的是，互利共赢是中美经贸关系的鲜明特征。双方应充分发挥中美战略经济对话以及商贸、经济和科技合作联委会等机制的作用，照顾彼此关切，通过平等对话和友好协商妥善处理经贸问题，而不是动辄搞贸易保护主义，甚至把经贸问题政治化。

Fifth，it is important that China and the United States handle their differences and issues in bilateral relations properly through dialogues and consultation.Due to the differences in history，culture，and social system，it is inevitable that China and the United States have some differences and even frictions.What is important is that our two sides should respect each other，treat each other as equals，seek common ground while reserving differences，and always view and handle the bilateral relations from a strategic perspective.We must strictly observe the principles of the three Joint Communiqués，respect and accommodate each other’s concerns，and ensure that our relationship is not hijacked by any temporary or single issues.

Trade，IPR protection and product safety have attracted much attention these days.China always takes US concerns seriously and has taken important measures to address them.It should be pointed out that China-US business relationship is distinctively winwin and mutually beneficial.Our two sides should bring into full play such mechanisms as the Strategic Economic Dialogue，the Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade，the Joint Economic Committee and the Joint Commission on Scientific and Technological Cooperation.We should accommodate each other’s concerns and seek proper settlement to economic and trade issues through dialogues on an equal footing and friendly consultation，rather than through willfully resorting to protectionism or even politicizing business issues.

还需指出的是，台湾问题是中方的核心关切，始终是中美关系中最重要、最敏感的问题。希望美方恪守坚持一个中国政策、遵守中美三个联合公报、反对“台独”的承诺，谨慎妥善处理台湾问题，与中方一道阻断“台独”之路，维护台海和平稳定和中美共同利益（3）。

女士们、先生们：

当前，国际形势正经历复杂深刻的变化，局部冲突和热点问题此起彼伏，全球经济失衡加剧，传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁相互交织，世界和平与发展面临诸多难题和挑战，需要各国合力应对。

I must stress that the Taiwan issue is the core concern of the Chinese side.In fact，it is always the most important and sensitive issue in China-US relations.China hopes that the US side will strictly honor its commitment that it adheres to the one China policy，abides by the three Joint Communiqués，and opposes “Taiwan independence”.We hope that the US side will handle the Taiwan issue prudently and properly and work together with the Chinese side to block the road to “Taiwan independence” so as to safeguard peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the common interests of China and the United States（3）.

Ladies and Gentlemen，

The world today is undergoing complex and profound changes.Local conflicts and hot spots keep flaring up.Imbalances in the world economy are worsening.Traditional and non-traditional threats to security are intertwined.All this poses difficulties and challenges to world peace and development and calls for joint response of all countries.

在新的国际形势下，中美关系的重要性不是降低了而是提高了，两国的共同战略利益不是减少了而是增加了，两国的合作领域不是变窄了而是更宽了（4）。一个稳定、不断发展的中美关系，不仅造福两国人民，也有利于世界人民的和平、幸福与安宁。

2006年4月胡锦涛主席成功访美，与布什总统就中美不仅是利益攸关方而且是建设性合作者达成重要共识（5）。这是对当前和未来中美关系的清晰定位，为两国关系发展指明了方向。

我相信，只要中美双方坚持从战略高度处理两国关系，坚定落实两国领导人重要共识，加强高层交往、战略对话和各领域合作，妥善处理分歧和敏感问题，就一定能够推动中美建设性合作关系不断向前发展。

谢谢！

In the new international landscape，the importance of China-US relationship is rising rather than falling.Our common strategic interests are increasing rather than decreasing.The areas for our cooperation are expanding rather than narrowing（4）.A stable and steadily growing China-US relationship will not only benefit our two peoples but also help ensure a peaceful，prosperous and tranquil life for people across the world.

As you know，President Hu Jintao paid a successful visit to the United States in April 2006 and reached important agreement with President Bush that the two countries are not only stakeholders but also constructive partners（5）.This clearly defines our bilateral relationship and charts the course for its future development.

I believe that as long as our two countries always handle the bilateral relations from a strategic perspective，steadily carry out the important agreement by our leaders，increase high-level exchanges，enhance strategic dialogues，deepen cooperation in various areas and properly address the differences and sensitive issues，our constructive and cooperative relations will surely continue to move forward.

Thank you！

咬文嚼字

1.我认为今天的讨论会选了一个非常好的主题：“US-China Relations： Looking Ahead”。回顾过去，总结经验，规划未来，对促进中美关系发展是十分有益的。

I believe that the theme for our discussion – US-China Relations： Looking Ahead – is quite befitting.Reviewing the past experiences and planning for the future will be very helpful for the growth of China-US relations.

实用句型

我认为今天的讨论会选了一个非常好的主题：……回顾过去，总结经验，规划未来，对……是十分有益的。

I believe that the theme for our discussion ...is quite befitting.

Reviewing the past experiences and planning for the future will be very helpful for...

实用词汇

毋庸讳言，这一盛大的开幕式配得上同等盛大的场合。

Needless to say，it was a grand opening befitting an equally grand occasion.

应当举行一个与国家领导人身份相符的纪念仪式。

A memorial service befitting a national leader should be held.

这是向您表达感谢之情的最佳时刻。

It is the most befitting time to show you our gratitude.

2.近年来，中美各层次对话磋商机制日益完善。

Dialogue and consultation mechanisms at various levels improved steadily in recent years.

实用句型

近年来，……对话磋商机制日益完善。

Dialogue and consultation mechanisms ...improved steadily in recent years.

实用词汇

这些回避痛苦的机制既存在于意识层面，也存在于潜意识之中。

These pain avoidance mechanisms exist at both conscious and subconscious levels.

关于这些机理的细节，研究者仍各持己见。

The details of these mechanisms are still being debated by researchers.这两个物种的自我修复机能可能各不相同。

The repair mechanisms in the two species may be different.

3.希望美方恪守坚持一个中国政策、遵守中美三个联合公报、反对“台独”的承诺，谨慎妥善处理台湾问题，与中方一道阻断“台独”之路，维护台海和平稳定和中美共同利益。

China hopes that the US side will strictly honor its commitment that it adheres to the one China policy，abides by the three Joint Communiqués，and opposes “Taiwan independence”.We hope that the US side will handle the Taiwan issue prudently and properly and work together with the Chinese side to block the road to “Taiwan independence” so as to safeguard peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the common interests of China and the United States.

实用句型

希望美方恪守坚持……遵守……反对……谨慎妥善处理……与……一道阻断……之路，维护……

China hopes that the US side will strictly honor its commitment that it adheres to ...，observes ...，and opposes ...

We hope that the US side will handle ...prudently and properly，and work together with ...to block the road to ...，so as to safeguard ...

实用词汇

我们希望贵国履行承诺，尽早了结此案，将嫌疑犯遣返中国。

We hope you will honor your commitment，close this case as soon as possible and repatriate the suspect to China.

希望贵国认识到台湾问题的高度敏感性，恪守承诺，慎重处理这一问题。

It is hoped that you will appreciate the highly sensitive nature of the Taiwan issue，honor your commitment and handle this issue prudently.

该措施的出台意味着中国正式兑现了这方面的承诺。

The promulgation of the measures shows that China has taken official action to honor its commitment in this field.

4.在新的国际形势下，中美关系的重要性不是降低了而是提高了，两国的共同战略利益不是减少了而是增加了，两国的合作领域不是变窄了而是拓宽了。

In the new international landscape，the importance of China-US relationship is rising rather than falling.Our common strategic interests are increasing rather than decreasing.The areas for our cooperation are expanding rather than narrowing.

实用句型

在新的国际形势下，中美关系的……不是……而是……，两国的共同战略利益不是……而是增加了，两国的合作领域不是……而是拓宽了。

In the new international landscape，the importance of China-US relationship is rising rather than ...Our common strategic interests are increasing rather than...

The areas for our cooperation are expanding rather than...

实用词汇

我们需要确定共同的战略利益。

We need to identify common strategic interests.

作为国际社会中的利益相关者，我们两个国家有着很多共同的战略利益。

As stakeholders in the international system，our two nations share many strategic interests.

各大国都重视参与各种国际组织的活动，在多极世界中谋求更多合作，实现各自的战略利益。

Every big power gives priority to taking part in the activities of international institutions，seeks more cooperation in the multi-polar world and fulfills its own strategic interests.

5.2006年4月胡锦涛主席成功访美，与布什总统就中美不仅是利益攸关方而且是建设性合作者达成重要共识。

As you know，President Hu Jintao paid a successful visit to the United States in April 2006 and reached important agreement with President Bush that the two countries are not only stakeholders but also constructive partners.

实用句型

2006年4月……成功访美，与……就……不仅是利益攸关方而且是建设性合作者达成重要共识。

...paid a successful visit to ...in April 2006 and reached important agreement with ...that ...are not only stakeholders but also constructive partners.

实用词汇

我们最终达成了协议。

Finally we reached an agreement.

双方早有默契。

The two parties reached a secret agreement long ago.

你一旦达成正式协议，就应该和对方签订合同。

Once you have reached formal agreement，you should enter into a contract with the other party.