中国的发展与中美关系

2008年10月27日，费城

China’s Development and China-US Relations

Speech at University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia，October 27，2008

场景再现

宾夕法尼亚大学（University of Pennsylvania）位于宾夕法尼亚州的费城，是美国一所著名的私立研究型大学，八所常青藤盟校之一。学校创建于1740年，是美第四古老的高等教育机构，以及美国第一所现代意义上的大学。《独立宣言》的9位签字者和美国宪法的11位签字者与该校有关，本杰明·富兰克林总统是学校的创建人。

建筑学家梁思成、林徽因，物理学家林兰英均毕业于宾大。

艾美·古特曼女士（Amy Gutmann）于2004年成为宾大的第二位女校长，她亲自主持了我的报告会。古特曼校长上任时提出了一个发展宾大的宏伟计划《宾大合约》，其中心目标是不断吸引最优秀的学生而不考虑其经济背景，选聘和留任各学科最好的教师队伍，加大在费城地区、美国和世界范围内的各种影响力。几年来，古特曼校长一直是全美高校“按需获得奖学金”的倡导者。

我在讲话中重点讲了中国2008年经历的两件大事，一是5月发生的四川汶川地震及灾后重建；二是8月北京奥运会的盛况。

演讲文稿

尊敬的艾美·古特曼校长，罗纳德·丹尼尔斯教务长，女士们、先生们：

亲临世界著名的常青藤盟校、美国第一所现代意义上的大学——宾夕法尼亚大学，我感到非常高兴（1）。在此谨向为我造访宾大提供协助的严正博士和其他各位朋友表示感谢。

我愿意借此机会向大家介绍中国的发展和中美关系情况。

今年对于中国来说，是一个极其不平凡的年份。

5月12日，四川省汶川县发生了一场强烈地震，造成了重大人员伤亡，直接经济损失高达8450亿元人民币。在中国政府的坚强领导下，中国人民紧密团结、克服困难、积极抗震救灾。受灾群众得到了妥善安置，恢复重建工作正在有条不紊地展开。

美国政府和各界人士，包括宾大的朋友们，在中国遭受地震灾害之后立即纷纷向我们表示同情，并提供了宝贵援助。在此，我向大家表示诚挚的谢意！

Honorable President Amy Gutmann，Provost Ronald Daniels，Ladies and Gentlemen，

It is a great pleasure to visit Penn，the world-renowned Ivy League school，which is also America’s first modern University（1）.I wish to thank Dr.Cheng Yan Davis and other friends who have helped bring me here.

I would like to take this opportunity to talk about China’s development and China-US relations.

For China，this year is eventful and special.

On May 12，a massive earthquake jolted Wenchuan county of Sichuan Province，leaving behind major casualties and direct economic loss of over 845 billion RMB yuan.Under the strong leadership of the Chinese government，the Chinese people showed great solidarity，overcame the hardship and prevailed in the relief efforts.The victims are properly relocated，and the recovery and reconstruction operations are well underway.

A friend in need is a friend indeed.The US government and general public，including friends from Penn，reached out to us in the wake of the disaster with words of sympathy and much needed assistance.Here，I wish to express heartfelt appreciation to all of you.

另一件大事就是今年8月，中国有史以来首次在北京举办奥林匹克运动会。举办奥运圆了中国人民百年梦想。本届北京奥运会取得了圆满成功。全世界运动员齐聚中国，在世界上最好的运动场上相互竞技，一展风采。北京奥运将世界带到中国，也向世界展示了中国。中美两国健儿在北京奥运均有杰出表现。在奥运奖牌榜上美国保持了榜首地位，迈克尔·菲尔普斯以八枚金牌的成绩创造了历史，世人瞩目。

女士们、先生们：

今年是中国改革开放30周年。

1978年，在中国已故领导人邓小平领导下，中国实施改革开放政策，抓住了经济全球化的机遇。其结果就是中国成功实现了从计划经济体制到社会主义市场经济体制的历史转折，成功实现了从封闭半封闭到全方位开放的历史转折，经济和社会发展大幅提升。从1978年到2007年，中国的GDP从约2165亿美元提高到3.28万亿美元，年平均增幅达9.8%。中国已经成为全球第四大经济体。农村贫困人口数量从2.5亿人下降到约1000万人，人均寿命从64岁提升到72岁。人民生活水平显著提高。

Another major event was the Olympic Games in Beijing last August，the firstever in the history of China.Hosting the Olympic Games is a hundred-year dream come true for the people of China.The Games was a huge success.It brought athletes from around the world to China to compete on some of the world’s best sports fields and display their true sportsmanship.It brought the world to China，and showcased China to the world.The athletes from China and the United States all did very well at the Games.The United States continued to top the Olympic medal count，and Michael Phelps made history with his eight gold medals and dominated the headlines.

Ladies and Gentlemen，

This year is also the 30th anniversary of China’s reform and opening up.

In 1978，at the initiative of late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping，China introduced the reform and opening-up policy and seized the opportunity of economic globalization.The result is that China achieved a successful and historic transition from a planned economic system to a socialist market economic system，from a closed or semi-closed society to one that is fully open to the outside world.Economic and social progress has been enormous.Between 1978 and 2007，China’s GDP increased from the equivalent of 216.5 billion US dollars to 3.28 trillion dollars，with an annual average growth rate of 9.8%.China has become the fourth biggest economy in the world.The rural population in poverty dropped from 250 million to just over 10 million，and the average life expectancy increased from 64 to 72 years.There has been a noticeable improvement in people’s living standard.

中国的发展不只有利于中国人民。中国已经成为世界经济和贸易增长的强大引擎。世界银行的统计数据显示，从2003年到2005年中国对全球GDP增长的贡献率达13.8%，2007年的贡献率约为16%（2）。中国对国际贸易增长的贡献率已逾12%。

中国虽然取得了举世瞩目的成就，但我们也非常清楚地认识到摆在眼前的问题。中国总人口为13亿人，虽然经济总量在全球位居前列，但人均GDP却排在100名之后。城乡差异和地区不平衡仍然是重大的发展问题，农村特别是西部地区农村还很落后，还有1000万人生活在贫困线以下。这些基本数据表明，中国还是一个发展中国家，实现现代化的道路还很漫长，任务还很繁重。

今年以来，中国积极应对国际经济环境复杂变化和自然界严峻挑战。中国经济的基本态势没有改变，并实现了相对较快发展。头三个季度GDP增幅达9.9%，CPI增速小幅回落。

China’s development is not only a blessing for the Chinese people.It is also a powerful engine for world economic and trade growth.According to World Bank statistics，China contributed to 13.8% of global GDP growth from 2003 to 2005，and roughly 16% in 2007（2）.China’s contribution to the growth of international trade is over 12%.

Despite the remarkable achievement，we are clearly aware of the difficulties that lie ahead.China’s total population is 1.3 billion.Although we are among the front-runners in the world in economic aggregate，our per capita GDP still trails behind the 100th place.Urbanrural discrepancy and regional imbalance are serious developmental issues，and underdevelopment remains the reality in many rural areas，especially in western China.Over 10 million people still live below the poverty line.These basic facts define China as a developing country.We are still a long way from modernization and our tasks are arduous.

Since the beginning of this year，China has taken robust measures to cope with the complex changes in the global economy and meet the grave challenges from nature.The fundamentals of the Chinese economy have not changed，and we have achieved relatively fast economic growth.The GDP grew by 9.9% in the first three quarters，and the CPI rise slowed down gradually.

与此同时，美国金融危机和全球金融动荡明显导致中国经济发展的不确定和不稳定因素增多，并给中国带来诸多困难和挑战。我们注意到美国政府采取了稳定国内金融市场的举措，也希望这些措施能够尽快见效，有助于重振投资者信心，防止危机蔓延到实体经济领域。为应对金融危机的影响，中国政府也采取了一系列重要措施。我们将继续本着负责任的态度，与国际社会共同努力，维护全球经济和金融稳定。我国领导人将于下月赴华盛顿特区出席金融市场和世界经济峰会。

中国经济同世界经济的联系日益紧密。中国保持良好发展势头本身就是对全球金融市场稳定和世界经济发展的重要贡献。这就是为什么我们首先要把国内的事情办好的原因。我们将根据国内和国际经济形势变化，加强宏观调控的预见性、针对性、有效性，及时调整政策，着力扩大国内需求，特别是消费需求，保持经济稳定、金融稳定、资本市场而稳定，继续推动经济社会又好又快发展（3）。

At the same time，the US financial crisis and global financial turbulence has noticeably given rise to uncertainties and destabilizing factors in China’s economic development.As a result，China is confronted with many difficulties and challenges.We have noticed the US government’s efforts to stabilize the financial market at home and hope the relevant measures will soon pay off and help restore investor confidence and prevent the crisis from spreading to real economic sectors.The Chinese government has also adopted a range of important measures to manage the impacts of the financial crisis.We will continue to work closely with the international community，with a sense of responsibility，to safeguard global economic and financial stability.The Chinese leader will attend the summit on financial markets and world economy to be held in Washington，DC next month.

The Chinese economy is increasingly interconnected with the global economy.China’s sound economic growth is，in itself，a major contribution to global financial stability and economic growth.That is why we must，first and foremost，keep our own house in order.In the light of the changing domestic and international economic situation，we will make our macro-economic measures more proactive，focused and effective，and make timely adjustments to our policies whenever necessary.We will vigorously expand domestic demand，especially consumer demand，maintain economic and financial stability and the stability of the capital market，and continue to promote sound and fast economic and social development（3）.

我明白各界人士都非常关心中国在举办北京奥运会后将会向何处去。中国的温家宝总理在上个月联合国大会上发言时给出了一个明确的答案（4）。他表示，中国将继续坚定不移地走和平发展道路，继续坚持改革开放不动摇，继续贯彻独立自主的和平外交政策（5）。我们将抓住机遇，迎接挑战，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展。这就是中国政府和中国人民的理念和行动。

……

女士们、先生们：

在过去的30年中，中国发生了天翻地覆的变化，中美关系也取得了重大进展。我们完全有理由相信，在当前的全球形势下，中国将会持续发展，中美关系的发展还有很大空间。交流、对话与合作是我们两国在今后发展道路上的明智选择。

我希望强调一点，那就是无论谁当选下一任美国总统，中国都愿意与美国保持和发展建设性的合作关系。我们愿意与美国政府和包括今天在座各位在内的美国人民一道，继往开来，共创中美关系的美好明天，造福于中美两国人民和全世界人民。

谢谢大家！

I know there is a high level of interest in where China is going in the wake of the Beijing Olympic Games.China’s Premier Wen Jiabao gave a clear-cut answer to this question while addressing the United Nations General Assembly last month（4）.He said that China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development，unswervingly pursue reform and opening-up，and continue to adhere to the independent foreign policy of peace（5）.We will seize the opportunities before us，rise up to challenges and focus on development.This is what the Chinese government and people have been thinking and doing.

...

Ladies and Gentlemen，

In the past thirty years，China went through a sea change and China-US relations made tremendous progress.We have every reason to believe that given the current global situation and as China continues to develop，there will be greater room for China-US relationship to grow even stronger.Communication，dialogue and cooperation are sensible choices for our two countries as we move forward.

Here I want to emphasize one point，that is，whoever the next US president is，China hopes to maintain and develop constructive and cooperative relations with the United States.We are ready to work together with the government and people of the United States，including everyone present here today，to build on what has been achieved and create a better future for China-US relationship，for the Chinese and American people and for the people of the whole world.

Thank you！

咬文嚼字

1.亲临世界著名的常青藤盟校、美国第一所现代意义上的大学——宾夕法尼亚大学，我感到非常高兴。

It is a great pleasure to visit Penn，the world-renowned Ivy League school，which is also America’s first modern University.

实用句型

亲临世界著名的常青藤盟校、美国第一所现代意义上的大学……我感到非常高兴。

It is a great pleasure to visit ...the world-renowned Ivy League school，which is also America’s first modern University.

实用词汇

这极具常青藤联盟派头，很独特。

It’s very Ivy League，very exclusive.

事实说明，很多大公司的首席执行官并没有上过名牌大学。

As it turns out，most CEOs at the biggest corporations didn’t attend Ivy League schools.

在常青藤联盟学校里，校友子女的入学率是其他申请人的两倍之多。

In Ivy League colleges，alumni children are admitted at twice the rate of other applicants.

2.世界银行的统计数据显示，从2003年到2005年中国对全球GDP增长的贡献率达13.8%，2007年的贡献率约为16%。

According to World Bank statistics，China contributed to 13.8% of global GDP growth from 2003 to 2005，and roughly 16% in 2007.

实用句型

世界银行的统计数据显示，从……到……中国对全球GDP增长的贡献率达……，……的贡献率约为16%。

According to World Bank statistics，China contributed to ...of global GDP growth from ...to ...and roughly 16% in ...

实用词汇

多种因素导致他下台。

Various factors contributed to his downfall.

大量的油是造成大火的原因之一。

A large quantity of oil contributed to the blaze.

动物研究对人类医学的发展做出了重大的贡献。

Animal research has contributed a lot to the human medical development.

3.我们将根据国内和国际经济形势变化，加强宏观调控的预见性、针对性、有效性，及时调整政策，着力扩大国内需求，特别是消费需求，保持经济稳定、金融稳定、资本市场稳定，继续推动经济社会又好又快发展。

In the light of the changing domestic and international economic situation，we will make our macro-economic measures more proactive，focused and effective，and make timely adjustments to our policies whenever necessary.We will vigorously expand domestic demand，especially consumer demand，maintain economic and financial stability and the stability of the capital market，and continue to promote sound and fast economic and social development.

实用句型

我们将根据……，加强……的预见性、针对性、有效性，及时调整……着力扩大……特别是……保持……继续推动……

In the light of the ...，we will make...more proactive，focused and effective，and make timely adjustments to...

We will vigorously expand ...especially ...maintain ...and continue to promote...

实用词汇

我们将继续推行积极的财政政策。

We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.

我们应该积极地迎接职场中的挑战。

We need to be proactive and confront challenges in our career.

你须拥有很强的人际沟通技巧，并保持积极正向的态度。

You should possess strong interpersonal skills and have a proactive and can-do attitude.

4.中国的温家宝总理在上个月联合国大会上发言时给出了一个明确的答案。

China’s Premier Wen Jiabao gave a clear-cut answer to this question while addressing the United Nations General Assembly last month.

实用句型

中国的……总理在……联合国大会上发言时给出了一个明确的答案。

China’s Premier ...gave a clear-cut answer to this question while addressing the United Nations General Assembly ...

实用词汇

联合国大会一年召开一次。

The United Nations General Assembly is held annually.

这些外交技巧使得她被任命为联合国大会的主席。

These diplomatic skills led to her appointment as president of the United Nations General Assembly.

这一问题也可以解释联合国大会几乎完全被边缘化的原因。

This problem also explains the near-total irrelevance of the United Nations General Assembly.

5.他表示，中国将继续坚定不移地走和平发展道路，继续坚持改革开放不动摇，继续贯彻独立自主的和平外交政策。

He said that China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development，unswervingly pursue reform and opening-up，and continue to adhere to the independent foreign policy of peace.

实用句型

他表示，中国将继续坚定不移地走……继续坚持……不动摇，继续贯彻……

He said that China will remain committed to the path of ...，unswervingly pursue ...，and continue to adhere to ...

实用词汇

他已决心献身教育事业。

He has committed himself to the cause of education.

美国联邦调查局查明这个参议员有受贿行为。

FBI found out that the senator committed bribery.

英国政府已承诺致力于改善国民医疗保健体系。

The British government has committed itself to improving the National Health Service.