中美贸易对中美两国的影响

2009年2月10日，波士顿

China-US Relations in the New Era

Speech at Massachusetts Institute of Technology Boston，February 10，2009

场景再现

麻省理工学院（MIT）位于美东北部马萨诸塞州的波士顿，无论是在美国还是全世界都有非常重要的影响力，培养了众多对世界产生重大影响力的科技、工程人才，是全球高科技和高等研究的先驱领导大学。麻省理工学院于2009年年初邀请我赴该校演讲，我欣然应邀，苏珊·霍克菲尔德校长亲自主持演讲会。我在讲话中从战胜全球金融危机要靠信心、合作和责任讲起，强调各国的命运紧紧联系在一起，只有加强协调、密切合作，共同应对危机，才能有效应对危机。我在演讲中还敦促刚就任的奥巴马政府认清新形势下中美关系的战略性和全球意义，与中方一起共创中美关系的美好未来。

演讲文稿

尊敬的苏珊·霍克菲尔德校长，女士们、先生们、朋友们：

今天，我想给大家谈谈中美关系。我要强调的是，当前中美关系进入了一个新时期， 并处在一个新的起点上。

女士们、先生们：

众所周知，经济全球化是当今世界的突出特征之一。尽管人们对全球化发端于何时有不同意见，但都承认，经济全球化已成为不可阻挡的客观历史潮流，任何国家都无法回避（1）。

经济全球化促进了生产要素在全球范围的流动和合理配置，提高了世界生产力的总体水平，给各国发展带来了新的机遇和有利条件，促进了全球共同发展和普遍繁荣。过去20年，国际贸易总量增长了4倍，国际贸易年平均增速约为世界经济平均增速的两倍，国际投资实现了跨越式发展。

President Susan Hockfield，Ladies and Gentlemen，Dear Friends，

Today，I am going to talk about China-US relations.Before going into details，I want to stress that a new era has now begun for China-US relationship.This relationship has come to a new starting point.

Ladies and Gentlemen，

As we all know，economic globalization is a prominent feature of our times.Despite the debate on when globalization began，it is a consensus that economic globalization has become an irresistible historical trend that no country can opt out（1）.

Economic globalization has increased the mobility and facilitated the allocation of the factors of production，raised the overall level of productivity throughout the world，brought new opportunities and favorable conditions of development to all the countries，and promoted common development and universal prosperity.International trade increased by four times in the past two decades，growing roughly twice as fast as the world economy.International investment developed by leaps and bounds.

同时，经济全球化也充满风险和挑战。随着经济全球化的深入发展，世界经济失衡加剧，经济和金融安全风险增加，能源资源压力加大，贸易保护主义上升，南北差距进一步拉大，一些发展中国家被边缘化（2）。

最新的情况就是，当前的国际金融危机仍在扩散和蔓延，给世界各国经济发展和人民生活带来严重影响。

正如温家宝总理在达沃斯世界经济论坛致词时指出的，当前的金融危机是一场全球性的挑战，战胜这场危机要靠信心、合作和责任。国际社会和各国的当务之急，是继续采取一切必要的措施，尽快恢复市场信心。国际社会只有加强合作，携手努力，同舟共济，才能有效应对危机。当前，应当抓紧落实20国集团领导人金融市场和世界经济峰会以来达成的广泛共识，不仅要采取更加积极有效的措施渡过当前难关，而且应对国际货币金融体系进行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的国际金融新秩序，努力营造有利于全球经济发展的制度环境。

Meanwhile，globalization is not without risks and challenges，such as aggravated economic imbalance，increased economic and financial risks，growing pressure on energy and resources，rising trade protectionist tendency，widening north-south disparity and marginalization of some developing countries（2）.

The latest challenge is the spreading and deepening of the current global financial crisis，which has seriously hampered the economic development and affected people’s lives in countries all over the world.

As Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao pointed out at the World Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting in Davos，Switzerland，the current financial crisis is a global challenge.Confidence，cooperation and a responsible attitude are key to winning the battle against this crisis.The pressing task for the international community and individual countries is to take further measures to restore market confidence as soon as possible.Only with closer cooperation and mutual help，can we successfully manage the crisis.It is imperative that we implement the broad agreement reached since the G20 Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy in Washington，DC.We should not only take more forceful and effective steps to tide over the current difficulties but also undertake necessary reform of the international monetary and financial system.The objectives should be establishing a new international financial order that is fair，just，inclusive and orderly and fostering an institutional environment conducive to sound global economic development.

除了经济金融领域的挑战外，我们还面临恐怖主义、大规模杀伤性武器扩散、地区冲突等传统、非传统安全问题以及能源、环境和气候变化、疾病防控、减灾救灾等全球性问题。

毫无疑问，我们生活的世界正日益成为一个“地球村”，各国同在一条船上，大家的命运紧紧联系在一起，相互依存，一荣俱荣，一损俱损（3）。任何一国都难独善其身。在新形势下，世界各国须加强协调，密切合作，共同把握机遇、应对挑战。

女士们、先生们：

当今的中国也处于一个新时期。经过30年改革开放，中国的面貌已焕然一新……人民生活实现了从温饱不足到总体小康的历史性跨越。

……

当前的金融危机对中国经济也造成较大冲击。从去年第三季度以来，中国出口大幅下滑，经济增速放缓，就业压力加大。中国经济面临着严峻的局面。

In addition to economic and financial challenges，there are also other challenges that call for our attention.These include traditional and nontraditional security issues such as terrorism，proliferation of WMD，regional conflicts and other global issues such as energy，environment，climate change，diseases prevention and control and disasters mitigation and relief.

There is no doubt that we are living in a global village.Everybody is on board the same boat.In the world of shared destiny and interdependence，the glory or defeat of one is the glory or defeat of all（3）.No country is immune from a global malady.Faced with such a new reality，countries of the world must strengthen dialogue and cooperation in order to seize the opportunities when they come up and meet the challenges together.

Ladies and Gentlemen，

A new era has also begun for China.

Thirty years of reform and opening up has resulted in a sea change.… In this historical transformation，China made the leap from mere subsistence to overall moderate prosperity.

…

The current financial crisis has had a rather big impact on China’s economy.Since the third quarter of last year，our export has declined sharply，economic growth has slowed down，and unemployment pressure has been rising.

面对危机，中国政府采取了积极负责的态度，及时调整宏观经济政策取向，果断实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，迅速出台扩大国内需求的十项措施，陆续制定和实施一系列政策，形成了系统完整的促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划，主要包括：

一是中国政府推出总额达4万亿元的两年计划，主要投向保障性安居工程、农村民生工程、铁路交通等基础设施、社会事业、生态环保建设和地震灾后恢复重建。我们还推出大规模减税计划，一年可减轻企业和居民负担约5000亿元。

二是全面推进产业结构调整和优化升级，制定汽车、钢铁等十个重点产业的调整和振兴规划，大力推进节能减排。

三是加快实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划，特别是核心电子器件、核能开发利用、高档数控机床等16个重大专项，为中国经济在更高水平上实现可持续发展提供科技支撑。

In face of the grim situation，the Chinese government has acted in an active and responsible way.We have taken timely，prompt and decisive actions，including macro-economic policy adjustments，a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately relaxed monetary policy.We have also rolled out ten measures to shore up domestic demand and sustain economic growth，and a series of related policies.Together they make up a systematic and comprehensive package aimed at promoting steady and relatively fast economic growth.The main contents are：

FirstFirst，the Chinese government has announced a 4-trillion yuan，two-year investment program.The fund will mainly go to low-income housing，rural subsistence projects，the construction of railway and other infrastructure，social development programs，environmental protection and post-earthquake rehabilitation and reconstruction.A massive tax-cut program has been introduced，which will save businesses and individuals about 500 billion yuan each year.

Secondecond，we are pushing for industrial restructuring and upgrading across the board，formulating plans for the restructuring and revitalization of ten key industries including automobile and steel，and boosting energy conservation and emission reduction.

ThirdThird，we are stepping up the implementation of the National Program for Medium- and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development，with special emphasis on 16 major projects including core electronic devices，nuclear energy and advanced numerically controlled machine tools.This will provide scientific and technological support for China’s sustainable economic growth at a higher level.

四是继续提高企业退休人员基本养老金，提高失业保险金和工伤保险金标准，提高城乡低保、农村五保等保障水平，积极推进医药卫生体制改革，实施更加积极的就业政策，重点解决高校毕业生和农民工就业问题。

中国政府采取的上述措施，把扩大国内需求、调整振兴产业、加强科技支撑、强化社会保障结合起来，把拉动经济增长和改善民生、增加就业结合起来，把克服当前困难和促进长远发展结合起来。这样做，有利于中国的发展，也将给包括美国在内的世界各国企业带来巨大商机。

Fourthourth，we will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees，raise the standard of insurance for unemployment and work-related injuries，and increase subsistence allowances for both urban and rural residents and welfare allowances for rural residents without family support.The reform of the medical and health care system will continue，and a more active employment policy has been introduced，with special emphasis on helping college graduates and migrant workers find jobs.

The aforementioned measures will boost domestic demand，readjust and reinvigorate industries，elevate science and technology，and strengthen social security.They will therefore allow us to drive economic growth while improving people’s livelihood and creating more jobs，and tide over the current difficulties while improving the long-term economic prospects.They will not only benefit China’s development，but also bring enormous business opportunities to other countries，the United States included.

当前，中国经济形势总体上是好的，2008年中国经济保持平稳较快发展，国内生产总值增长9%，居民消费价格基本稳定；城镇新增就业1113万人，城乡居民收入持续增加；金融体系稳健运行，银行体系流动性和信贷资产质量保持在较好水平。作为一个发展中大国，中国把自己的事情办好，有利于提振对世界经济增长的信心，有利于减缓国际金融危机扩散蔓延趋势，有利于增加中国的进口和对外投资，拉动世界经济增长，给其他国家提供更多发展机遇和就业机会。中国经济保持平稳较快发展，对维护国际金融稳定和促进世界经济增长做出了重要贡献。

正如中国领导人多次强调的，中国始终不渝走和平发展道路，谋求和平的发展、开放的发展、合作的发展。中国愿意继续与国际社会一道，积极维护国际金融稳定、促进世界经济发展，积极应对各种全球性风险和挑战，为实现世界的和谐与可持续发展贡献力量。

China’s economy is in good shape on the whole.We managed to maintain steady and relatively fast economic growth in 2008.Our GDP grew by 9% and the CPI was basically stable.Over 11 million urban new jobs were created.Household income of both urban and rural families continued to rise.The financial system functioned well and banks maintained sound liquidity level and credit asset quality.

When a large developing country like China keeps its economic house in order，it helps restore confidence in global economic growth and curb the spread of the international financial crisis.It also helps increase China’s imports and overseas investment，which in turn boost world economic growth and create more development and job opportunities for other countries.Steady and fast growth in China is a significant contribution to global financial stability and economic growth.

The Chinese leaders have stressed on many occasions that China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development.We pursue development in peace and through opening-up and cooperation.China is ready to continue its close cooperation with the international community in maintaining global financial stability，boosting world economic growth and responding to various global risks and challenges so as to contribute to the harmony and sustainable development in the world.

女士们、先生们：

当今的中美关系也处于一个新时期。

我还记得，我们两国于1979年1月1日正式建立了大使级外交关系。如今，中美关系已走过30个寒来暑往，历经风雨和阳光而不断前行。中美两国从昔日的相互隔绝对立，发展成现在的利益攸关方和建设性合作者，中美关系成为当今世界最富生机活力、最具重要影响的双边关系之一，这大大超出许多人当年的想象（4）。

特别是近年来，中美关系取得长足发展：

——中美两国元首每年多次会晤，并经常通电话、通信。胡锦涛主席和奥巴马总统今年已进行两次电话交谈，就中美关系和重大国际地区问题保持沟通。两国元首还商定今年4月在伦敦二十国集团金融峰会期间会晤。

——中美之间建有60多个对话和磋商机制，特别是中美战略经济对话和战略对话机制，是两国在经济和政治层面进行深层次、战略性沟通的重要平台。

Ladies and Gentlemen，

China-US relationship is also entering a new era.

While my memory is still fresh of January 1, 1979，the day when our two countries established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level，China-US relationship has already covered a journey of thirty years.

Today，after three decades and through rain and shine，China-US relationship has evolved from mutual estrangement and antagonism to responsible stakeholders and constructive partners.It has become one of the most dynamic and influential bilateral relationships in the world.This was certainly beyond the wildest imagination of most people thirty years ago（4）.

The progress of the bilateral relationship in recent years is especially impressive.

— Our presidents met several times a year and talked over the phone and exchanged letters frequently.President Hu Jintao and President Obama have already held two telephone conferences.They have stayed in touch on bilateral relations and major international and regional issues.They have also agreed to meet in April alongside the G20 London Summit on financial markets and the world economy.

— Our communication is facilitated by more than 60 bilateral dialogue and consultation mechanisms.Among them，the Strategic Economic Dialogue and the Strategic Dialogue provide important platforms for in-depth exchange of views between China and the United States on strategic economic and political thinking.

——中美经贸合作发展迅速，现两国互为第二大贸易伙伴，2008年中美双边贸易额达3337.4亿美元，同比增长10.5%，是1979年建交时的130多倍，2000年至2007年，美对外商品出口总体增长44%，对华出口增长301%。美数百万个工作岗位与中美贸易密切相关。

——中美人民之间的交往和友谊不断深化。中美已建立35对友好省州、144对友好城市。2008年两国人员往来超过250多万人次。目前在美的中国学生学者有9万多人，美在华留学生也有1.5万人。52所孔子学院已在美建立。

——中美在反恐、防扩散、应对地区热点、打击跨国犯罪等传统、非传统安全领域以及国际金融危机、能源安全、气候变化、疾病防控、减灾救灾等全球性问题上保持合作。在朝核、伊朗核、苏丹达尔富尔、缅甸、巴基斯坦、中东等国际地区热点问题上，两国保持密切沟通与协调。中美关系具有日益重要的战略内涵和全球影响。

— Our economic cooperation and trade expand rapidly.With two-way trade growing 130 times in three decades at an average annual rate of 10.5% and reaching over 333 billion in 2008，China and the United States are now each other’s second largest trading partners.From 2000 to 2007，US total goods export increased by 44%.Its export to China alone grew by 301% in the same period.Millions of American jobs are closely linked with China-US trade.

— Our people-to-people exchanges and friendship continue to deepen.There are 35 pairs of sister provinces and states，and 144 pairs of sister cities between China and the United States.In 2008，over two and a half million visits were made between China and the United States.Right now，there are over 90,000 Chinese students and visiting scholars in the United States and over 15,000 American students in China.A total of 52 Confucius Institutes have been established in American campuses.

— Our two countries cooperate with each other in areas from traditional and nontraditional security such as counter-terrorism，non-proliferation，regional hot spots and cross-border crimes to other global issues such as financial crisis，energy security，climate change，disease control and prevention，and disaster mitigation and relief.On the nuclear issue of the Korean Peninsula，the Iranian nuclear issue，the Darfur issue of Sudan，Myanmar，Pakistan and the Middle East，we stay in touch and engage in dialogues.Such cooperation has given China-US relationship an increasingly strategic significance and global implication.

事实充分证明，中美是合作伙伴而不是战略对手，中美关系是互利共赢关系而不是零和竞争关系。中美合作有利于两国，有利于亚太，有利于世界。

女士们、先生们：

当前，中美关系正站在新的起点上。确保中美关系在未来几年甚至更长时期健康稳定发展，是两国人民的共同心声和根本利益所在。上月底胡锦涛主席与奥巴马总统通电话时，一致同意两国加强建设性对话与合作，共同努力发展中美关系。

要推动中美关系持续稳定发展，切实把握以下几条原则至关重要：

第一，坚持从战略高度和长远角度看待和把握中美关系。在21世纪国际形势复杂多变的新形势下，中美作为世界上最大的发展中国家和最大的发达国家，同为联合国安理会常任理事国，面临的共同挑战和肩负的共同责任不断增加，一个健康稳定、不断发展的中美关系比以往任何时候都更加重要。中美合则两利共赢，斗则俱伤共损。

Past experience tells us that China and the United States are partners in cooperation，not strategic rivals.China-US relationship is a mutually beneficial and win-win relationship rather than a zero-sum game.China and the United States must cooperate because it is good for China，it is good for the United States，and it is also good for the Asia-Pacific region and the rest of the world.

Ladies and Gentlemen，

China-US relationship is now at a new starting point.It is the common aspiration of the Chinese and American people，and it serves our fundamental interests to ensure healthy and steady development of this bilateral relationship in the coming years and beyond.

When President Hu Jintao and President Obama exchanged views over the phone last month，they agreed that China and the United States should strengthen constructive dialogue and cooperation，and join hands to make further progress in the bilateral relations.

To ensure continued and steady development of China-US relations，it is crucial that we observe the following principles.

First，we should always approach and manage China-US relations from a strategic and longterm perspective.

At a time of increased complexity and volatility in the international situation，China and the United States，as the biggest developing country and the biggest developed country respectively，and as permanent members of the United Nations Security Council，face increasing common challenges and share greater responsibilities.It is more important than ever to ensure a healthy，stable and continuously growing China-US relationship.China and the United States will both gain from cooperation and lose if they fall into conflict with each other.

第二，不断拓展两国共同利益，推进各领域互利合作。我们要进一步推进两国在经贸、反恐、防扩散、执法、两军、科教文卫、青年等广泛领域的交流与合作，加强双方在朝核、伊朗核等国际地区热点问题以及联合国事务的磋商与协调。同时要顺应形势变化，花大力气扩大共同利益汇合点，不断拓展合作空间。除加强能源、环境和气候变化等领域的合作外，中美尤其应进一步加强宏观经济政策的沟通和协调，共同推动伦敦二十国集团金融峰会取得积极成果，促进世界经济金融健康稳定发展。

第三，恪守中美三个联合公报原则，尊重和照顾彼此核心利益。中美三个联合公报构成中美关系的政治基础，是指导两国关系发展的纲领性文件。中美三个联合公报最核心的内容，就是确立了一个中国的原则。历史经验表明，要实现中美关系顺利发展，最重要的就是要恪守中美三个联合公报原则，处理好涉及对方核心利益的问题，特别是台湾和涉藏问题，不让其干扰两国关系大局。

Second，we should continue too promote our common interests and mutually beneficial cooperation.

We should further enhance bilateral exchanges and cooperation in the fields of economy，trade，counter-terrorism，law enforcement，military-to-military relations，science and technology，education，culture，health and youth.We should also continue to step up consultation and coordination on international and regional hot spot issues，such as North Korea and Iran，and on the United Nations affairs.

At the same time，China and the United States need to adapt to the changes，work hard to increase our common interests and continue to expand the areas for our cooperation.In addition to working more closely together on energy，environment and climate change，China and the United States should make special efforts to enhance dialogue and coordination on macro-economic policy and work hand in hand to push for positive outcomes at the G20 London Summit so as to facilitate healthy and steady development of the world economy and financial market.

Third，we should adhere to the principles of the three Sino-US Joint Communiqués ，and respect and accommodate each other’’s core interests.

The three Sino-US Joint Communiqués form the political basis of China-US relationship and provide the guideline to its development.At the center of the three Joint Communiqués is the one China principle.Past experience has shown that to ensure smooth development of China-US relations，we must abide by the principles of the three Joint Communiqués so as to handle the questions that bear on each other’s core interests appropriately，such as the Taiwan question and Tibet-related matters，and prevent them from disrupting the overall relationship.

第四，要相互尊重，平等相待。中美由于社会制度、历史文化、发展阶段不同，在某些问题上存在一些分歧是正常的。关键是双方要坚持相互尊重、平等相待的原则，本着平等协商、求同存异的精神，妥善处理存在的分歧和问题。

女士们、先生们：

新时期的中美关系，面临前所未有的机遇，也面临不少挑战（5）。我们愿同美国新一届政府和各界人士一道，在中美关系正常化30年来的发展的基础上，继往开来，牢牢把握两国关系发展的大方向，加强对话，增进互信，扩大合作，尊重和照顾彼此核心利益，共同应对各种全球性挑战，推动两国关系长期健康稳定深入向前发展。

谢谢！

Fourthourth，we should respect each other and treat each other as equals.

China and the United States differ in social system，historical and cultural background，and level of development.It is only natural that we do not see eye to eye on certain issues.The key to handling our difference and problems appropriately lies in abiding by the principles of equality and mutual respect，having consultations on an equal footing and seeking common grounds.

Ladies and Gentlemen，

The new era offers unprecedented opportunities for China-US relations.It also brings challenges at the same time（5）.China is ready to work with the new US administration and American friends from all walks of life to build on and carry forward what have been achieved over the past three decades since normalization of relations and keep the overall bilateral relations firmly on track，strengthen dialogue，enhance mutual trust，expand cooperation and respect and accommodate each other’s core interests.Together，we will meet various global challenges and push for the long-term，healthy，steady and in-depth development of China-US relations.

Thank you！

咬文嚼字

1.尽管人们对全球化发端于何时有不同意见，但都承认，经济全球化已成为一种不可阻挡的客观历史潮流，任何国家都无法回避。

Despite the debate on when globalization began，it is a consensus that economic globalization has become an irresistible historical trend that no country can opt out.

实用句型

尽管……有不同意见，但都承认……已成为一种不可阻挡的客观历史潮流，任何……都无法回避。

Despite the debate on ...it is a consensus that ...has become an irresistible historical trend that ...can opt out.

实用词汇

您可以随时选择取消此项电子邮件订阅。

You can always opt out of this email subscription at any time.

谷歌允许网络用户选择不加入其跟踪机制。

Google lets users opt out of its tracking mechanism.

人们很难指责那些决定不要孩子的夫妇。

It is hard to condemn those couples who opt out of parenthood.

2.同时，经济全球化也充满风险和挑战。随着经济全球化的深入发展，世界经济失衡加剧，经济和金融安全风险增加，能源资源压力加大，贸易保护主义上升，南北差距进一步拉大，一些发展中国家被边缘化。

Meanwhile，globalization is not without risks and challenges，such as aggravated economic imbalance，increased economic and financial risks，growing pressure on energy and resources，rising trade protectionist tendency，widening north-south disparity and marginalization of some developing countries.

实用句型

同时，经济全球化也充满风险和挑战。……加剧，……增加，……压力加大，……上升，……差距进一步拉大，……被边缘化。

Meanwhile，globalization is not without ...，such as aggravated ...，increased ...，growing pressure on ...，rising ...，widening ...and marginalization of ...

实用词汇

两队的力量相差很大。

There is a great disparity in strength between the two teams.

富人和穷人居住在一起，但居住条件极为悬殊。

Rich and poor live side by side but in conditions of extraordinary disparity.

经济发展和环境保护之间的矛盾越来越突出。

The disparity between economic development and environmental protection is becoming increasingly acute.

3.毫无疑问，我们生活的世界正日益成为一个“地球村”，各国同在一条船上，大家的命运紧紧联系在一起，相互依存，一荣俱荣，一损俱损。

There is no doubt that we are living in a global village.Everybody is on board the same boat.In the world of shared destiny and interdependence，the glory or defeat of one is the glory or defeat of all.

实用句型

毫无疑问，我们生活的世界……各国同在一条船上，大家的命运紧紧联系在一起，相互依存，一荣俱……一损俱……

There is no doubt that we are living in a ...

Everybody is on board the same boat.

In the world of shared destiny and interdependence，the glory or defeat of one is ...of all.

实用词汇

他们的命运与我们的命运是紧密相连的。

Their destiny is tied up with our destiny.

置身于这个时代，我们的命运息息相关，实力消长不再是零和游戏。

In an era when our destiny is shared，power is no longer a zero-sum game.

人类命运的问题中，没有人类解决不了的。

No problem of human destiny is beyond human beings.

4.如今，中美关系已走过30个寒来暑往，历经风雨和阳光而不断前行。中美两国从昔日的相互隔绝对立，发展成现在的利益攸关方和建设性合作者，中美关系成为当今世界最富生机活力、最具重要影响的双边关系之一，这大大超出许多人当年的想象。

Today，after three decades and through rain and shine，China-US relationship has evolved from mutual estrangement and antagonism to responsible stakeholders and constructive partners.It has become one of the most dynamic and influential bilateral relationships in the world.This was certainly beyond the wildest imagination of most people thirty years ago.

实用句型

中美关系已走过30个寒来暑往，历经风雨和阳光而不断前行。中美两国从昔日的……发展成……中美关系成为……的双边关系之一。

Today，after three decades and through rain and shine，China-US relationship has evolved from ...to ...

It has become one of the ...bilateral relationships in the world.

实用词汇

她对上司非常抵触。

She felt strong antagonism towards her boss.

那些年，东西方之间的对立程度空前。

The level of antagonism between the West and China had been unprecedentedly high during those years.

冲突是组织中常见的一种对抗性的人际互动形式。

Conflict is a common form of human mutuality of antagonism in organization.

5.新时期的中美关系，面临前所未有的机遇，也面临不少挑战。

The new era offers unprecedented opportunities for China-US relations.It also brings challenges at the same time.

实用句型

新时期的中美关系，面临前所未有的……，也面临不少……

The new era offers unprecedented ...for China-US relations.

It also brings ...at the same time.

实用词汇

这个房间有着旧时代的优雅。

The room had the elegance of a bygone era.

这将标志一个新的纪元，这将创造一个新的时代。

It would mark a new era；it would make an epoch.

资源共享已成网络时代特征之一。

Resource sharing has become one of the characteristics in the Internet era.