二、内质网应激与许多疾病相关
目前发现动脉粥样硬化与同型半胱氨酸血浓度增高相关,而同型半胱氨酸能诱导ER stress,丙肝病毒感染肝细胞后也能导致细胞产生ER stress,帕金森病、老年性痴呆、脑缺血再灌注等中枢神经系统疾病及病变时也发现神经元ER stress。最近日本学者检测了肝癌细胞及癌旁肝细胞中ATF6、XBP-1和Bip基因表达,发现肝癌细胞中存在ER stress,因而认为ER stress可能涉及肝癌发生。随着ER stress研究的深入,或许还会发现更多的疾病与ER stress相关。对哺乳动物细胞ER stress的研究只有10多年的历史,尽管取得了一些重要的成果,但对它们的认识仍然不足,例如目前的研究集中于UPR途径,对ERAD、ER stress抑制蛋白质合成和ER stress与凋亡的研究需加强。阐明ER stress基础理论有助于开展ER stress与疾病的研究。在ER stress与疾病的研究中可能有2个方向:①如何相对特异地诱导癌细胞ER stress,并使之凋亡而对正常细胞影响较小;②如何保护帕金森病、老年性痴呆等疾病中细胞不因ER stress而凋亡。
(申宗侯)
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