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缺血性肠绞痛

时间:2022-02-02 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:缺血性肠绞痛指的是由于肠道缺血而引起的以腹痛为主的综合征。B超腹部血管检查常作为筛选手段。血管CT动脉造影,血管树重建,如证实3支主要动脉中有2支狭窄在50%以上,则诊断可初步成立,并可作为手术治疗的依据。Cho JS报道手术血管重建5年79%,10年54%无症状。

缺血性肠绞痛指的是由于肠道缺血而引起的以腹痛为主的综合征。主要是由于动脉粥样硬化等原因导致胃肠道3支主要动脉中至少2支闭塞,肠供血不足所致。

1.临床表现 为脐周钝性或痉挛性疼痛,多发生于餐后15~30min,持续1h,往往进食越多,疼痛越重,持续时间越久。

2.诊断 明显的餐后腹痛,食量减少而痛减轻,腹部压痛不明显,以上征候提示有肠缺血。B超腹部血管检查常作为筛选手段。表现有肠系膜上动脉或肠系膜下动脉狭窄,多在动脉分支的起始部,多伴有腹主动脉粥样硬化,动脉血流峰速加快。血管CT动脉造影,血管树重建,如证实3支主要动脉中有2支狭窄在50%以上,则诊断可初步成立,并可作为手术治疗的依据。但也有的患者,3支主要动脉全部闭塞而无临床症状。

3.治疗

(1)内科治疗:扩血管药,如硝酸甘油静脉滴注。

(2)手术治疗:经内科治疗症状不减轻者,可考虑手术治疗。Cho JS报道手术血管重建5年79%,10年54%无症状。5年、10年生存率分别为54%、20%。

手术时机:肠组织能耐受12h的缺血,超过12h组织开始坏死。Bingol H报道从腹痛症状发作6h以内12例,发作6~12h的9例患者手术结果显示,15例患者的肠组织是正常的,而3例症状出现超过12h的则需要扩大手术切除范围。

4.预后 急性缺血性肠病预后主要取决于医师对本病的认识,早期诊断,及时果断、恰当的处理可获得好的预后,临床病史的采集、物理检查常可获得有意义的重要线索。

(蔡昌豪)

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