建立成功的母乳喂养

许多由保健人员提供的措施能够增加母乳喂养成功的可能性。早期长时间地让母亲与婴儿接触（例如：在婴儿出生后便在医院中与母亲共处并在第一个小时内给予母乳喂养）是一种重要的措施。不应给婴儿补充水、葡萄糖溶液或配方奶，除非是疾病所必需。曾有过成功母乳喂养经验的支持性助产人员此时会是首次母乳喂养母亲的重要资源。总之，如果必需使用补充剂和安慰奶嘴，只能被用于哺乳已经成功建立之后。当添加了果汁、配方奶和固体食物后，母乳的生成量会减少，而这些食物和液体通常在婴儿6个月之前都不是必需的。生长突增发生在婴儿期，因此婴儿在这段时间可能表现为持续性的饥饿。需要让母亲们知道这种情况是很正常的，且她们的乳汁是充足的；喂养次数增多会增加她们乳汁的分泌量，从而保证她们婴儿的需求可以被满足。

对婴儿而言，成功的母乳喂养的信号包括：舌头湿润以及良好的湿润度，在吮乳后体重每天增加15～30g，从生后第3天起每天至少排3～4次大便和4～6次小便，在母乳喂养的过程中伴随着可闻及吞咽声的有节奏的吸吮。母亲成功的征象包括在分娩后72h内开始泌乳（乳房感觉胀满和温暖，可能会有乳汁渗出），喂养时的舒适感，婴儿的吮吸、乳汁的渗出以及在哺乳后乳房变软为证据的乳汁的减少。

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