1.教育文化类：教育（网络教学）
With the continued growth of online teaching systems and integration of massive open online courses（MOOCS）into higher education, college study will never be the same for both professors and students. Write your response in about 300 words, in which you should give your comment.
必背范文：
Online learning has become one of the fastest growing markets in the world and shows no signs of slowing down. Opinions about this issuevary.Some universities, such as the University of Washington, are fence-sitters.They deem that online education stands a chance of providing a more efficient learning style for self-directed learners on the positive side, but it might fail to achieve the same effect of intellectual community.While some students heap praise on its convenience, flexibility, and independence, others point out that online education is absent of teacher-student interaction, an indispensible part of learning process.Although it will never supplant traditional university education, online learning offers an attractive alternative to many people.
To begin with, e-learning has the advantage of offering individualized instruction. Participants can learn theories and concepts in their own way at their own pace.Many online learning courses provide content to students in multiple formats.For instance, students may be able to listen to prerecorded lectures, view lecture notes on-screen or print them out on paper, depending on individual preferences.
In addition, e-learning enables students to learn based on their own schedules. With today's busy and fast-paced lifestyle, it is often difficult or impractical to devote time to a set course schedule.With e-learning, the participant can build a study schedule around his or her particular life situation, rather than the other way around.
More importantly, contrary to the opponents, as for the demerit of online education, I presume that lack of teacher-student interaction exerts no major impact on study.“Lack”does not mean“no”. As is mentionedby Chang Hanyi and Yang Yang, the lecturer makes office hours for face-to-face meeting with students.
Generally speaking, online education offers several major advantages. It offers a personalized mode of instruction, allows students to choose their schedules, and does not require commuting or living close to a university.As e-learning technology continues to improve and the education market becomes more diversified, online education is likely to see further gains in popularity.（334 words）
参考译文：
网上教学已经成为世界上发展最为迅速的市场之一，而且毫无减慢迹象。对于此事，各方看法不同。诸如华盛顿大学等高校对在线教育持中立态度，他们认为：尽管在线教育可能为自主学习者提供有效的学习方式，但是在线教育可能达不到与学校教育相同的效果。而一些学生会对在线教育的便捷、灵活以及独立性给予高度评价；另外一些人则指出在线教育缺少学习过程中很重要的一个部分：师生交流。尽管网上教学永远不会代替传统的大学教育，但是它对许多人来讲都是一种很有吸引力的选择。
首先，网上学习具有提供个性化指导的优势。学习者能够按照自己的方式和步骤学习理论和概念。许多网上课程给学生提供了多种形式的课程内容。比如，可以听事先录音的演讲，也可以在屏幕上看讲座笔记，还可以把笔记打印出来，采用哪种方式取决于学生的个人喜好。
其次，网上学习可以使学生按照自己的时间安排学习。现今的繁忙而又快节奏的生活方式，让学生很难或根本不可能投入时间去上固定的课程。有了网上课程，这些学习者就可以按照自己的状态设计一个学习时间表，而不用根据学校的课程表制订计划了。
更为重要的是，与反对者不同的是，我认为在线教育的缺点——师生交流的缺乏——对于学习并没有很大影响。“缺乏”并不意味着“没有”。正如Chang Hanyi和Yang Yang所说，讲师会腾出时间，与学生进行面对面的交流。
总之，网上教学有诸多优势，它可以提供个性化的指导模式，让学生选择自己的时间表，不需要通勤，也不需要住的地方离大学很近。随着网上教学技术的不断改善和教育市场的日趋多样化发展，未来网上学习会更加流行。
2.教育文化类：教育（创业）
It was reported in the press some time ago that a few second-and third-year students in a provincial university decided to try their hands at business in order to get prepared for the future. They opened six small shops near their university.Their teachers and classmates had different opinions about this phenomenon.Write your response in about 300 words, in which you should give your comment.
必背范文：
The typical college student spends most of his or her time studyingand, occasionally, participating in various sports or extracurricular activities. Increasingly, however, it has become common for university students to take on part-time jobs or even start their own businesses prior to graduation.Some thought that the students'business experience would help them adapt better to society after graduation, while others held a negative view, saying that running shops might occupy too much of the students'time and energy which should otherwise be devoted to their academic study.I hold the opinion that as long as they are cautious, this kind of real-world experience can greatly benefit their future careers.
Above all, students who launch their own businesses or take on part-time jobs can gain valuable insight into their future career path. For instance, by running one's own business as an accountant or marketing analyst, business majors could see whether a particular field interests them on more than an academic level.
In addition, regardless of whether a student succeeds or fails in a business venture, or whether a part-time job prove interesting or dull, the mere fact of having work experience will come in handy when seeking a full-time job after graduation. In fact, employers will regard these students as more ambitious, hard-working and mature than graduates who lack such work experience.
Despite the benefits to students of“getting their feet wet”in the business world, it is crucial that they maintain academic students as a top priority. Only by exercising caution and maintaining a balanced schedulecan college students ensure that any part-time jobs or business ventures that they undertake do not end up overtaking their academic studies.
Ultimately, every student must decide how best to allocate his or her time outside of class. Indeed, many college-goers are wary of venturing into the real world until absolutely necessary.However, for those with a manageable schedule, exploratory mind and entrepreneurial spirit, work experience prior to graduation can offer important career benefits-not to mention a paycheck.（337 words）
参考译文：
大学生一般会将大部分时间用于学习，有时候也会参加各类体育运动或课外活动。但是，大学生兼职或在毕业前就开始创业的现象也日益普及。有人认为学生的创业经验能够帮助他们在毕业后更好地适应社会，然而其他人持相反的观点，认为创业可能占据学生们太多的本应投入学业的时间和精力。我认为，只要他们能谨慎行事，这种现实社会的经历对他们将来的职业是非常有益的。
首先，创业或兼职的学生对自己未来的职业道路能有清晰的认识。例如，通过在创业过程中做会计或市场分析师，主修商业的学生就能知道某个专业领域在现实中是否能真正地吸引他们，而不仅仅只从学术的抽象角度去看待这些专业。
其次，且不管学生在创业中成败与否，或兼职工作是有趣还是无聊，只要学生拥有一份工作经验，那就能在毕业找工作时派上用场。事实上，雇主会认为，与那些缺乏工作经验的学生相比，他们有更强烈的上进心，工作更努力，而且更为成熟。
尽管学生能在涉足商界的经历中受益匪浅，但将学习放在首位仍非常关键。只有保持谨慎和合理安排时间，进行兼职或创业的学生才不会影响学习成绩。
最后，每个学生都必须知道如何才能最好地分配课余时间。的确，有很多学生只有在迫不得已时，才会跨入现实社会中。但是对于那些能合理安排时间、有探索精神和创业理想的同学而言，毕业前的工作经验会使他们在未来的职场中受益匪浅，更不用说他们已得到的那份薪水了。
3.教育文化类：流行文化（网络）
The Internet is about to take off in China. As many as 9 million people are online, a number that is estimated to hit 20 million by the end of 2000.It is predicted that this phenomenal growth will have great impact on our society and economy.Write your response in about 300 words, in which you should give your comment.
必背范文：
Currently, a good many young people are Internet-savvy by the time they reach elementary school. Some deem that it is nothing but the Internet that are largely responsible for making people unsociable by depriving them of their adaptive capability and social acceptability.On the contrary, others presume that the Internet does bring people closer together as itdoes bridges distance in a stronger way than the previous mail and phone call, provides an effective instant communicative platform and narrows the gaps between our hearts.In my opinion, while the Internet does offer certain benefits to us, it can also interfere with our social life.
The biggest problem with the Internet is that it can be detrimental to people's social lives. Today's young people spend large amounts of time on their computers as well as mobile phones and, as a result, stay much more confined indoors than members of previous generations.While the use of instant messaging tools can allow people to stay connected, it can also eat into the time they spend in real face-to-face interactions.Youngsters, in particular, are still in the process of developing their social skills.Those who spend an excessive amount of time online may jeopardize their ability to interact with others in offline, real-world scenarios.
Despite its potential pitfalls, the Internet does have some positive and practical uses for us. Chief among these is that the Internet is an easy and cost-effective way for people to keep in touch with friends and family, especially for those who are living far away from home.
From the preceding discussion, it is readily apparent that surfing on line, as an increasingly popular form of communication among people, has both its upsides and downsides. To be sure, the Internet can be used by people in productive and useful ways.However, people must be sure to limit the time they spend getting on line, or their social life will eventually pay the price.（323 words）
参考译文：
如今，很多年轻人在上小学时就已经对互联网非常精通了。有人认为正是网络使得人们失去了适应能力和接受社会的能力，从而不善社交。相反，其他人认为网络的确会拉近人与人之间的距离，因为它增强了人们的纽带关系，比以往的信件和电话更能缩短时间，也更强大，同时提供了一个有效且能即时交流的互动平台，也使我们的心更近。在我看来，尽管网络给人们带来了某些益处，但是它也干扰了我们的社交生活。
互联网最大的问题是对人们社交生活的不利影响。如今的人们将大量时间花费在电脑和手机上，因此与上几代人相比，他们更为固守于室内。尽管即时聊天工具能使人们之间时刻保持联系，但却占用了他们面对面交流的时间。尤其对于年轻人而言，他们正处于发展社交技能的阶段。因此，若在网上花费过多时间，他们在网络外的现实世界中与人交流的能力就会受到影响。
尽管网络潜在的弊端很多，但它对人们也还是有积极和实际的用途的。与家人和朋友保持联系是其最有用的功能。尤其对于那些离家较远的年轻人而言，这是一种便捷划算的交流工具。
在上述讨论中显而易见的是：网络作为人们之间愈加流行的交流方式，既有优点，也存在着不足。诚然，人们使用互联网能做很多有益的事情，但人们必须要限制上网时间，否则就会影响社交，最终为此付出代价。
4.教育文化类：传统文化
Mandarin, or putonghua, is the standard service sector language in our country. But recently, employees at a big city's subway station have been busy learning dialects of other parts of the country.Write your response in about 300 words, in which you should give your comment.
必背范文：
Nowadays, employees at a big city's subway station have been busy learning dialects of other parts of the country to cater to the needs of people from different areas. Some argue that we need more than ever to hold on to the things that make us stronger：our unique culture, our long history, our good tradition of respecting others, and our putonghua.By contrast, others maintain that using local dialects is just one part of building local unity and pride, which will, in turn, lead to the strengthening of local culture, business and economy.As for me, I am of the opinion that dialects are acceptable in public places.
To begin with, local dialects are acceptable if they are used to facilitate communication and information transmission. In the remote areas and boundaries, people only speak their own dialects.Just as those dialect speakers would feel frustrated if they cannot make themselves understood when they come to big cities, workers who speak Putonghua would also have difficulty in communicating with local people when they have to workin those regions.Given this language barrier, dialect communication can provide convenience for better understanding and therefore dialects are acceptable on these occasions.
What is more, in a sense, the diversity of Chinese culture manifests itself in different dialects. If dialects are forbidden in public places, of course Putonghua will reach out to a larger scale.As a consequence, the preservation of local dialects will be confronted with more difficulties.In that case, our future generations would not be able to appreciate the diversity of Chinese culture.
Generally speaking, there are occasions on which dialects can facilitate communication and information transmission；dialects, as cultural carriers, are the reflection of the diversity of Chinese culture. Undoubtedly, dialects have other functions.With this consideration, I assume that dialects are acceptable in public places.（308 words）
参考译文：
目前，一个大城市地铁站的员工正在忙着学习我国其他地方的方言，以便满足来自其他地区人们的需要。有人认为我们比以往任何时候都需要坚持那些使我们强大的事物：我们独特的文化、悠久的历史、尊重他人的优良传统以及普通话。相反，其他人认为使用地方方言只是建立地方一致性和自豪感的一部分，这将增强地方的文化、商业和经济。对我而言，我支持公共场所可以使用方言的观点。
首先，如果人们使用地方方言来方便交流和信息传递，那么就是可以接受的。在偏远和边疆地区，人们只说自己的方言。那些说方言的人来到大城市时，如果人们无法理解他们，他们会感到沮丧。同样，说普通话的人到那些地区工作时，和当地人沟通也会存在困难。考虑到这种语言障碍，方言能够为良好沟通提供方便，因此在这些场合使用方言是可以接受的。
此外，在某种意义上，中国文化的多元性正是在多种方言中得以体现的。如果公共场所禁止使用方言，普通话当然可以广泛应用。但是，保护地方方言将面临更多困难。在这种情况下，我们的后代就无法欣赏中国文化的多元性。
总之，在有些场合，方言能够方便沟通和信息传递。作为文化载体，方言正是中国文化多元性的体现。毫无疑问，方言也有其他功能。有鉴于此，我认为在公共场所使用方言是可以接受的。
5.社会热点类：旅游
According to a recent newspaper report, many famous sites of historical interest in China have begun or are considering charging tourists higher entry fees during peak travel seasons. This has aroused a lot of public attention and also public debate.Write your response in about 300 words, in which you should give your comment.
必背译文：
With the increased income and accumulated wealth among the general public, a good many scenic spots witness a great increase of tourists inrecent years, especially those of historical interests, such as the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, and so on. Some maintain that whether we look at this question environmentally or economically, raising the price of tourist attractions during peak seasons is not reasonable.In contrast, others deem that we should treat such a policy more positively and choose our traveling destination more sensibly according to the changes of entry fees.When it comes to this issue, I am strongly against it, and reasons supporting my stand against such a practice can be divided into the following two parts.
The first thing that comes up in my mind is the nature of these tourist attractions. Different from other scenic spots, such as carnivals, zoos, amusement parks, and so on, which basically need further investment to maintain well operation, historical sites, as the fruits of our ancestors and common wealth of our whole nation, which need only necessary maintenance, do not and have no reason to charge higher entry fees.
What is more, these sites also perform the function of educating the general public about the culture and history of our nation. Higher prices during the peak season will surely influence a majority of those who are interested in the historical and cultural sense of these sites and plan to pay a visit to such tourism attractions.And the peak season means the only time available for some of them who are busy with their work or academic study in ordinary days.In such a manner, the educational value of historical sites cannot be fully realized.
From the above analysis, we can see the unreasonable nature of such apolicy to raise ticket price of the historical tourist attractions temporarily. Such historical sites should be operated through official fund and public support, so that these sites can well play the role of historical and cultural education, and more and better understanding of whom we are as a cultural entity could be promoted.（352 words）
参考译文：
随着公众收入的增加和财富的积累，近年来很多著名景点，尤其是故宫、长城等历史遗迹，目睹了游客的剧增。有人认为，无论从环境还是经济方面考虑这个问题，高峰期景点涨价都是不合理的。相反，其他人认为我们应该更加积极地对待这个政策，根据门票的变化更加理性地选择旅游目的地。对于这个问题，我表示强烈反对。我反对这一做法的立场主要基于以下两个方面的原因。
我想到的第一点原因就是这些景点的性质。与嘉年华、动物园、游乐园等其他需要进一步投资来保持良好运营的景点不同，历史遗迹作为我们祖先的成果和全国人民的共同财富，只需要必要的维护，不需要也没有理由收取高价门票。
此外，这些景点也担负着在历史文化方面教育公众的功能。高峰期高票价必将影响很多对这些景点的历史和文化有兴趣并计划参观这些景点的游客。对于一些平日忙于工作或学业的人而言，高峰期也是他们唯一的时间。因此，这些历史遗迹的教育价值无法完全实现。
从上述分析中，我们可以看出这种短期提高历史遗迹票价的不合理性。这些历史遗迹应该通过政府和公共支持来运作，以便更好地发挥历史与文化教育的作用，这样才能提升我们作为文化实体存在的价值。
6.人生哲理类：创新
Recently newspapers have reported that officials in a little-known mountainous area near Guiyang, Guizhou Province wanted to turn the area into a“central business district”for Guiyang and invited a foreign design company to give it an entirely new look. The design company came up with a blueprint for unconventional, super-futuristic buildings.This triggered off different responses.Write your response in about 300 words, in which you should give your comment.
必背范文：
Recently, Guiyang Guiyang City wanted to turn a little-known mountainous area into a“central business district”，and the blueprint thus given had brought responses. Some hold that we need to uphold creativity while still respecting the old ways, showing that old and new styles can live in harmony, and together be better than either alone.On the contrary, others presume that we should not seek to divorce ourselves from our culture and our history, but rather work to incorporate it into what we will become in the future.As far as I am concerned, I'd like to hold the same idea with the former.The following response can account for my preference.
To start with, the foreign design company with a new planning idea and construction style may have bold innovation which would lead to a new look of this small mountainous area near Guiyang. Their design, if well made, can break the old paradigm, and the modern elements which blend in with nature, are nourished by contemporary works of art.It can be a real central business center, and inducement to more reinvestment.The four special economic zones established in 119979 by our great leader Deng Xiaoping are good examples to illustrate this issue.The bold tentative idea benefits our country, contributing to China's economic development in an all-round way.
Furthermore, now that officials aim to turn this mountainous area into a“central business district”for Guiyang, high technology and modern style should be incorporated into its design. In this way, more investors would be attracted to start their business.No matter where they are, in a business center or a quiet industrial park, they can feel the modern features embodied by unconventional, super-futuristic buildings.So it's a good idea to invite a foreign company to give it an entirely modern look.
Briefly speaking, the design given by the foreign company has its weaknesses, as someone says, it fails to reflect the regional characteristic or local cultural heritage, but the advantages far outweigh its disadvantages.（335 words）
参考译文：
近来，贵阳市计划把一个不为人知的山区改造成一个“中央商务区”，而其给出的设计蓝图引发了争议。有人认为，我们在尊重传统的同时也需要支持创新，新旧事物可以和谐共存、互惠互利。相反，其他人认为，我们不应割裂历史文化，而应把历史文化整合进我们的未来。就我而言，我支持前者的观点。下面的论述可以解释我的观点。
首先，这些具有崭新设计观点和建筑风格的国外设计公司可能会有大胆的创新，这将使贵阳附近的这个小山区焕然一新。如果完美实施他们的设计，就可以打破旧的模式，而融入自然环境的现代元素也将被当代艺术品被滋养。它将成为一个真正的中央商务区，吸引更多的再投资。我们伟大的领导人邓小平在1979年创立的四个经济特区就是阐释这个问题的例证。这种大胆的创新使举国受益，全方位地促进了我国的经济发展。
此外，既然官方旨在把这个山区改造成一个贵阳的“中央商务区”，设计中就应融入高科技和现代风格。这样才可以吸引更多的投资者来此创业。这样不管身处何地，无论是商务中心还是安静的工业园，他们都能感受到这些非传统、超未来建筑所体现的现代特征。因此，邀请一家国外公司给它一种全新面貌是很好的想法。
简而言之，正如有人所说，这家国外公司给出的设计有其缺点，例如未能反映地方特色或当地的文化遗产，但是总体而言利大于弊。
7.教育文化类：流行文化（居家办公）
Nowadays, some companies have work-from-home or remote working policies, which means that their employees do not have to commute to work every day. Write your response in about 300 words, in which you should give your comment.
必背范文：
Thanks to the advancement of the Internet and modern communication technologies, working from home is becoming a new working pattern. Some people think that this can save a lot of time travelling to and from work, thus raising employees'productivity.However, others argue that in the workplace, people can communicate face to face, which vastly increases the efficiency of coordination and cooperation.In my opinion, the advantages of working from home far outweigh the disadvantages.
In the first place, there is no denying that working from home does workers great favor. The most obvious benefit is that people can make a better balance between career and family.Since the working schedule become more flexible, people can manage their time more efficiently and take more care of their families.In addition, working at home can save both money and time.With the hours on the bus being saved, the workers will be less tired.Therefore, workers are able to have higher efficiency, which can produce a feeling of job satisfaction.More importantly, working at home means that you are more productive.Most people spend eighthours per day at work but they rarely work eight hours.A lot of time is wasted on things like chatting with co-workers, or pointless meetings.However, when working at home, employees don't have these distractions.
In the second place, the employers can also benefit a lot from their employees'working from home. As has been noted, employees can work more efficiently at home than ever before, which will definitely make more contributions to the company and more profits for the employers.Moreover, if the employees work from home, it will reduce various office expenses such as the cost of workplace renting, office supplies, and so on.
In short, working from home, just as any other thing in our life, has both its pros and cons. Nevertheless, in general, there are more gains in working from home, which is beneficial not only to the employees but also to the employers.（334 words）
参考译文：
由于互联网和现代沟通技术的发展，居家办公正在成为一种新的办公模式。有人认为这能节省大量往返工作的时间，因此可以提高员工的效率。然而，其他人认为在工作场所，人们可以面对面沟通，这将极大提高协调合作的效率。在我看来，居家办公利大于弊。
一方面，不可否认居家办公对员工非常有利。最明显的优点就是人们可以更好地平衡事业和家庭。由于工作时间更加灵活，人们可以更高效地管理时间并照顾家庭。其次，居家办公能够节约时间和金钱。员工们节省了花在公交上的时间，可以不那么疲劳。因此，员工可以拥有更高的效率，这将产生一种工作满足感。更为重要的是，居家办公意味着你更有效率。大多数人每天花费八小时在工作地点，但很难八小时全部投入工作。很多时间浪费在和同事聊天或无聊的会议等事情上。然而，居家办公时，员工们没有这些分心的杂事。
另一方面，用人单位也能从员工居家办公中受益匪浅。如上所述，员工居家办公时比以往任何时候的工作效率都高，这无疑将为公司做出更多贡献，也为雇主创造更多利润。此外，如果员工居家办公，可以节省工作场所租金、办公用品等各种办公费用。
总之，居家办公就像我们生活中任何其他事情一样，既有优点，也有缺点。然而，总体而言，居家办公好处更多，不但对员工有益，而且对用人单位也有益。
8.教育文化类：流行文化（时尚）
Directions：
Stores across China have seen a rush to buy electronic products in the run-up to the new school year.“Electronic products are a must nowadays and everyone loves Apple”，said the 18-year-old freshman, whose family has spent 30，000 yuan on a Macbook, a digital camera and other high-tech gadgets. Write your response in about 300 words, in which you should give your comment.
必背范文：
In our daily lives, it would not be difficult to ignore the fashions that constantly swirl around us. Some argue that fashion is a good thing if we pursue it by appropriate means and will help us make a good image as well as build self-confidence.On the contrary, others maintain that we should never blindly pursue fashion or luxuries and attach more importance to cultivating a good character rather than pursuing fashion.As for me, conforming to the prevailing fashions and styles can be advantageous, as long as one knows where to draw the line.
One benefit of conformity to fashion norms is that it helps people to share a collective identity within a group and maintain healthy relationships with one another. In general, every student wants to“blend in”with his or her classmates.By consuming relatively similarly to others, students are not only likely to feel like a part of their peer group, but also to be more accepted by them.Another advantage of following current fashions is that it can motivate us to take better care of ourselves by improving our egos.Psychological research indicates that those who are in conformance with social expectations are likely to feel more confident and attractive.
Although staying in line with fashion norms is advantageous, following trends to an extreme is unwise. While staying within prescribed fashion norms can boost confidence, paying too much attention to fashion can have the exact opposite effect.An individual who attaches excess importance toexternal appearances will lose touch with his or her inner soul and become spiritually hollow.
As has been stated, keeping up with what's“hot”and what's“not”can promote positive relationships with others as well as a healthy lifestyle, but chasing every new trend with reckless abandon would be a costly mistake. The best approach to fashion, therefore, is to follow it with moderation.（314 words）
参考译文：
在日常生活中要忽视不断在我们身边展现的时尚是很困难的。有人认为如果我们通过适当的方式追逐时尚，时尚就是件好事，也能帮助我们建立良好的形象和自信。相反，其他人认为我们不应盲目地追逐时尚或奢侈品，应该更加重视培养良好的性格。在我看来，跟当下主流时尚和风格保持一致是有好处的——只要你知道适可而止。
跟时尚标准相一致的好处之一就是它可以帮人们在群体中同他人分享共同的身份，并且保持健康的关系。总体而言，每个学生都希望跟他的同学们“融在一起”。跟其他人消费大体相似，学生们不仅觉得自己是同龄人中的一分子，也更容易被他人所接受。追赶当下时尚的另一个好处就是它能提高我们的自信心，从而促使我们更好地爱护自己。心理研究表明，那些跟社交期望一致的人会感到更自信和有魅力。
虽然紧追时尚有利，但追赶时尚到了极端并非明智。尽管紧随指定的时尚标准可以增强自信心，但对时尚花费太多精力效果往往适得其反。一个过分注重外表的人会跟他的内心疏远，变得精神空虚。如上所述，对流行或不流行保持了解可以改善与他人的正面关系，引导健康的生活方式。但不计后果，狂热追赶每一个新潮流会是个巨大的错误。因此对待时尚最好的方式就是去追赶它，但要适可而止。
9.教育文化类：教育（选修课）
Directions：
When many college students get their curriculum, they would find that they do not only have the courses they are required to take, but also many courses on their own choices. With the limited time they have in universities, which kind of courses, compulsory ones or elective ones, should be increased in quantity ? Write your response in about 300 words, in which you should give your comment.
必背范文：
University students are at the age when they are aware of their academic interests and able to make many decisions on their own. Some think that elective courses can surely make a bigger contribution to the development of students as well as lecturers and even universities.By contrast, others hold that more compulsory courses should be included, and the quality of elective courses should be paid more attention to.In my view, in light of this fact, it is reasonable that they should be given the freedom to take optional courses both within and outside their major areaof study.Nevertheless, the central importance of core or requisite courses cannot be understated, and students should be careful not to spread themselves too thin.
First of all, allowing them to take non-major courses will offer two important benefits. Firstly, it will engender a more meaningful academic experience.Secondly, it will cultivate students who are well-rounded and bring a variety of skills into the workplace upon graduation.In addition to taking noncompulsory courses outside their major, university students are also generally allowed to take elective courses within, or relevant to, their academic major.This allows students to develop an area of specialization within their major that can better prepare them for employment or graduate studies.
From the foregoing discussion, it is evident that optional courses offer students a variety of benefits. However, it would be a disservice to students if universities allowed them to take too many optional courses, especially ones outside of their academic major.It is critical that students avoid becoming a“jack of all trades and a master of none”.
In my opinion, students should be encouraged to pursue their unique and potentially diverse academic interests. To this end, optional courses are an essential part of higher education.However, too many optional courses would thwart students'ability to develop a single main area of expertise, with detrimental consequences to their future careers.（323 words）
参考译文：
大学生已经能够了解自己的专业兴趣，并且能够自己做决定。有人认为选修课必将对学生、老师甚至大学的发展做出巨大贡献。反之，其他人认为大学应该设置更多的必修课，同时更加重视选修课的质量。在我看来，大学生有在自己专业内外选择选修课的自由。但是，基础课和必修课的重要性绝不可忽视，而且学生们也要注意不能参加太多活动。
首先，让这些学生上非专业的课程有两个重要的好处：一是会增加一种更有意义的学术体验；二是能培养学生全面发展，在毕业后能将各种技能运用到工作中去。除了选上本专业以外的非必修课程，也可以让学生选修本专业领域内的或者和自己专业相关的课程。这能使学生们在本专业内发展自己的专长，能为他们的就业或者研究生的学习做好充分的准备。
从上述的讨论中可以很明显地看出，选修课能够给学生带来许多好处。但是如果高校让学生选过多的选修课，尤其是过多地选修本专业以外的课程，也会对学生产生不利的影响。学生要避免成为涉猎众多却没专长的毕业生，这也是至关重要的。
在我看来，应该鼓励学生培养独特的、潜在的、多种多样的专业兴趣。为了实现这一目标，选修课应成为高等教育不可缺少的一部分。但是过多的选修课会限制学生在某一领域中形成自己的专长，对学生长远的职业发展会产生不利的影响。
10.教育文化类：流行文化（信息爆炸）
Directions：
Thanks to great advancements in technology, we can have easier access to information nowadays. The richness in information endows us with more open windows to the outside world than ever before.On the other hand, we are so overloaded with information today that we have become less able to see the whole picture of the world around us.Write your response in about 300 words, in which you should give your comment.
必背范文：
Science and technology have developed more rapidly in the past 100 years than in any period of human history. One of its results is an excessive growth of information.Some deem that in addition to physical conveniences it brings about, it usurps our freewheeling spirit and teems it with deeper fathom of the understanding of life.In contrast, others maintain that history nourishes us with abundant evidence that a lack of information does not necessarily mean a narrow scope of knowledge of the world.As for me, with the continuously growing number of information, the world becomes a confusion to us with both useful news and unwanted messages, which is far from helping stimulating our creativity.
Admittedly, confronted with so much information, it is not an easy task for us to unearth the latent and valuable information quickly and effectively, instead, many of us choose to leave aside the piled informationwhen we surf the Internet after a tiring day. Clearly, inundated with too much information, we are subject to a blind view and a confused mind, let alone exercising creativity.
In addition, since most of the messages are put up on the Internet without being investigated, the information explodes in number and size, which makes much fake or false information get easy access to people's eyes. As a result, in many cases, what we get from the Internet, TV or billboards are misleading, and they would definitely influence our judgment, obstruct our efforts to acquire knowledge and constrain our creativity.
However, it is unfair to say that the information explosion is a backward step in human's civilization；the point is the way we choose it and use it. The root for today's embarrassing situation of information industry is the faulty management and the lack of advanced technologies.Hence, what we can do now is not to complain but improve the information management system by technical means in an attempt to really create an era of knowledge explosion.（328 words）
参考译文：
科学和技术在过去的100年中比人类历史上任何时候都发展得更快。有人认为除了带来便利之外，科技也赋予了我们随心所欲的精神，并深入理解生活的本义。相反，其他人认为历史用无数的证据教导我们：信息的缺乏不一定意味着对世界的狭隘理解。就我而言，随着信息的爆炸性增长，世界对我们而言也成为一种困惑，既有有用的新闻，也有无用的信息，远远不能有助于激发我们的创造力。
不可否认，面对这么多信息，我们很难快速有效地发掘潜在宝贵的信息。相反，在疲劳一天之后，我们很多人选择在上网时忽视大量的信息。显而易见，面对海量信息，我们沉迷于盲目的观点和混乱的思想，更不用说发挥创造力了。
此外，由于大多数信息未经调查就放在网上，在数量和规模上的信息爆炸使得人们更容易接触虚假信息。因此，在很多情况下，我们从网络、电视和广告中获得了误导的信息，这无疑影响了我们的判断，阻碍了我们获得知识，并限制了我们的创造力。
然而，我们不能说信息爆炸是人类文明的倒退，重要的是我们选择和使用信息的方式。目前信息产业尴尬处境的根源在于管理的不完善和高科技的缺失。因此，我们现在能做的不是去抱怨，而是通过科技手段改进信息管理系统，以便真正创造一个信息爆炸的时代。
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